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Francescato G, Leitão MIPS, Orsini G, Petronilho A. Synthesis and Medicinal Applications of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Based on Caffeine and Other Xanthines. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400118. [PMID: 38668124 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Xanthines are purine derivatives predominantly found in plants. These include compounds such as caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine and exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties, demonstrating efficacy in treating neurodegenerative disorders, respiratory dysfunctions, and also cancer. The versatile attributes of these materials render them privileged scaffolds for the development of compounds for various biological applications. Xanthines are N-heterocyclic carbene precursors that combine a pyrimidine and an imidazole ring. Owing to their biological relevance, xanthines have been employed as N-heterocyclic carbenes in the development of metallodrugs for anticancer and antimicrobial purposes. In this conceptual review, we examine key examples of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from caffeine and other xanthines, elucidating their synthetic methods and describing their pertinent medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Francescato
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês P S Leitão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giulia Orsini
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Petronilho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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2
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Dar MO, Mir RH, Mohiuddin R, Masoodi MH, Sofi FA. Metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives: Synthesis and biological activity. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112290. [PMID: 37327591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine and its derivatives are considered an important class of N-heterocyclic purine compounds that have gained significant importance in medicinal chemistry. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and N-coordinated metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives have revealed a range of new possibilities for their use as therapeutic agents in addition to their established catalytic behavior. The metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives have been designed and synthesized for the exploration of their potential therapeutic applications. These metal complexes based on the xanthine scaffold exhibited various potential medicinal applications including anticancer, antibacterial, and antileishmanial activity. The metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives shall pave the way for the rational design and development of new therapeutic agents. In the present comprehensive review, we highlighted the recent advancements in the synthesis and medicinal applications of metal complexes based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derived from xanthine scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J & K, India
| | - Roohi Mohiuddin
- Department of General Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
| | - Mubashir H Masoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J & K, India
| | - Firdoos Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J & K, India.
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3
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Bysewski O, Winter A, Liebing P, Schubert US. Noble Metal Complexes of a Bis-Caffeine Containing NHC Ligand. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134316. [PMID: 35807559 PMCID: PMC9268361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have seen more and more use over the years. The go-to systems that are usually considered are derivatives of benzimidazole or imidazole. Caffeine possesses an imidazole unit and was already utilized as a carbene-type ligand; however, its use within a tridentate bis-NHC system has—to the best of our knowledge—not been reported so far. The synthesis of the ligand is straightforward and metal complexes are readily available via silver-salt metathesis. A platinum(II) and a palladium(II) complex were isolated and a crystal structure of the former was examined. For the Pt(II) complex, luminescence is observed in solid state as well as in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bysewski
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (O.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (O.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (O.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Francescato G, Silva SM, Leitão MIPS, Cordeiro C, Giannopoulos N, Gomes CSB, Pimentel C, Petronilho A. Nickel N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes based on Xanthines: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity on
Candida sp
. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Francescato
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | - Sofia Marques Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | | | - Carolina Cordeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Giannopoulos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Portugal
| | - Catarina Pimentel
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | - Ana Petronilho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
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Teng Q, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Liu Z, Chen H, Yuan D, Huynh HV, Meng Q. Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Study of Caffeine-Derived N-heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qi Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
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Facile N9-Alkylation of Xanthine Derivatives and Their Use as Precursors for N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123705. [PMID: 34204439 PMCID: PMC8234118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The xanthine-derivatives 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, 1,3-dimethyl-7-benzylxanthine and 1,3-dimethyl-7-(4-chlorobenzyl)xanthine are readily ethylated at N9 using the cheap alkylating agents ethyl tosylate or diethyl sulfate. The resulting xanthinium tosylate or ethyl sulfate salts can be converted into the corresponding PF6- and chloride salts. The reaction of these xanthinium salts with silver(I) oxide results in the formation of different silver(I) carbene-complexes. In the presence of ammonia, ammine complexes [Ag(NHC)(NH3)]PF6 are formed, whilst with Et2NH, the bis(carbene) salts [Ag(NHC)2]PF6 were isolated. Using the xanthinium chloride salts neutral silver(I) carbenes [Ag(NHC)Cl] were prepared. These silver complexes were used in a variety of transmetallation reactions to give the corresponding gold(I), ruthenium(II) as well as rhodium(I) and rhodium(III) complexes. The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods as well as X-ray diffraction.
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Petrucci R, Feroci M, Mattiello L, Chiarotto I. Xanthine Scaffold: Available Synthesis Routes to Deliver Diversity by Derivatization. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x17999200507103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of the skeletal systems of heterocycles represents a significant goal
for the development of new compounds. The heterocyclic molecule xanthine (3,7-dihydro-1Hpurine-
2,6-dione) is a purine base with a bicyclic ring skeleton and four different nitrogen atoms,
three of them are -NH groups. The principal derivatives are the well known natural methylxanthines
(e.g., caffeine, theophylline and theobromine) that have prominent physiological effects at a very low
dose. The natural methylated xanthines, theophylline, theobromine and caffeine, are present in different
plants such as the tea, cocoa and coffee species. For this reason natural xanthines can be considered
as bio-based and renewable starting materials; their use in organic synthesis is strongly recommended
in order to carry out sustainable chemistry. Essentially, the xanthine scaffold led to the
preparation of numerous compounds very attractive in the pharmaceutical field, and these drugs are
commercialized for a wide range of biological activities. The scope of this mini-review is to consider
the use of natural xanthines as starting material in chemical transformations carried out in organic
solvents, without the intent to be exhaustive of all the synthetically chemical applications. More information
on the chemical and electrochemical reactivity of this structural core in an organic solvent
can be useful for the scientific community. The effectiveness of natural xanthines can be improved
by modifying the structures of these already biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Petrucci
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
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8
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Synthesis of palladium complexes with anionic N,NR- or neutral NH,NR-theophylline-derived NHC ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Stoppa V, Scattolin T, Bevilacqua M, Baron M, Graiff C, Orian L, Biffis A, Menegazzo I, Roverso M, Bogialli S, Visentin F, Tubaro C. Mononuclear and dinuclear gold( i) complexes with a caffeine-based di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand: synthesis, reactivity and structural DFT analysis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two gold(i) complexes with caffeine-based di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands were synthesised and fully characterised.
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11
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Eslava-Gonzalez I, Valdés H, Teresa Ramírez-Apan M, Hernandez-Ortega S, Rosario Zermeño-Ortega M, Avila-Sorrosa A, Morales-Morales D. Synthesis of theophylline-based iridium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes including fluorinated-thiophenolate ligands. Preliminary evaluation of their in vitro anticancer activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Blumenberg J, Wilm LFB, Hahn FE. Synthesis of Pd II Complexes Bearing pNHC Ligands by Oxidative Addition of 8-Halogenotheophyllines and 8-Bromoadenine to Pd 0. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Blumenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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13
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Osorio Yáñez RN, Hepp A, Tan TTY, Hahn FE. Synthesis of RhIII and IrIII Complexes Bearing Chelating Di-NHC Ligands Obtained from N9-Imidazolium-Substituted Adenine. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Nayely Osorio Yáñez
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tristan Tsai Yuan Tan
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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14
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Scattolin T, Giust S, Bergamini P, Caligiuri I, Canovese L, Demitri N, Gambari R, Lampronti I, Rizzolio F, Visentin F. Palladacyclopentadienyl complexes bearing purine‐based N‐heterocyclic carbenes: A new class of promising antiproliferative agents against human ovarian cancer. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Sonia Giust
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Paola Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 74 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational ResearchNational Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine – CRO Aviano Italy
| | - Luciano Canovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste SS 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 74 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 74 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational ResearchNational Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine – CRO Aviano Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
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15
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Scattolin T, Caligiuri I, Canovese L, Demitri N, Gambari R, Lampronti I, Rizzolio F, Santo C, Visentin F. Synthesis of new allyl palladium complexes bearing purine-based NHC ligands with antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities on human ovarian cancer cell lines. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13616-13630. [PMID: 30207339 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01831f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of new palladium allyl complexes bearing purine-based carbenes derived from caffeine, theophylline and theobromine have been prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis and in two cases by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic and proapoptotic activities of compounds have been determined in vitro on human ovarian cancer A2780 and SKOV-3 cell lines. These experiments have shown that the palladium-allyl fragment induces a general cytotoxicity, but the choice of the supporting ligands is of paramount importance for achieving the best results. In particular complexes 4c, 4d and 5d exhibit a higher antiproliferative effect (IC50: 0.09, 0.81 and 0.85 μM respectively) than cisplatin (IC50: 1.5 μM) on A2780 cells, and 4d (IC50: 1.7 μM vs. 5.94 μM) on SKOV-3 cell line. Moreover in many cases it has been proved that the cytotoxicity of our complexes is associated with the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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16
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Manoharan A, Rayner PJ, Fekete M, Iali W, Norcott P, Hugh Perry V, Duckett SB. Catalyst-Substrate Effects on Biocompatible SABRE Hyperpolarization. Chemphyschem 2018; 20:285-294. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Manoharan
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Peter J. Rayner
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Marianna Fekete
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Wissam Iali
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Philip Norcott
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - V. Hugh Perry
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
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18
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Zhang JJ, Muenzner JK, Abu El Maaty MA, Karge B, Schobert R, Wölfl S, Ott I. A multi-target caffeine derived rhodium(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complex: evaluation of the mechanism of action. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:13161-8. [PMID: 27334935 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium(i) and a ruthenium(ii) complex with a caffeine derived N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand were biologically investigated as organometallic conjugates consisting of a metal center and a naturally occurring moiety. While the ruthenium(ii) complex was largely inactive, the rhodium(i) NHC complex displayed selective cytotoxicity and significant anti-metastatic and in vivo anti-vascular activities and acted as both a mammalian and an E. coli thioredoxin reductase inhibitor. In HCT-116 cells it increased the reactive oxygen species level, leading to DNA damage, and it induced cell cycle arrest, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and triggered apoptosis. This rhodium(i) NHC derivative thus represents a multi-target compound with promising anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Abu El Maaty
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Sitalu K, Babu BH, Latha JNL, Rao AL. Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Copper Derivatives of NHC-II Complexes. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20:82-91. [PMID: 29022998 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.82.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine, 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine is one of the xanthine derivatives that are for the most part utilized as a part of solutions as diuretics. The Cu (II) complexes have been synthesized from the N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cu (II) NHC complexes were characterized using analytical and spectral techniques. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the Cu (II) NHC complexes were determined using the reported techniques. The SOD activity was assayed using nitrobluetetrazolium as O2 scavenger. RESULTS The X-band ESR spectra of the copper complexes in DMSO solution at 300 and 77 K were recorded and their salient features are reported. The in vitro biological screening effects of the investigated compounds were tested against the bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal species, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia bataicola and Candida albicans by serial dilution method. CONCLUSION The Cu (II) complexes exhibit square planar geometry. A comparative study of inhibition values of the individual metals and their complexes indicate that the complexes exhibit higher antimicrobial activity than the individual metals. Superoxide dismutase and reducing power activities of the copper complexes have also been studied. Depending on the molecular structure, the Cu (II) NHC complex possess promising SOD mimetic activities. Further we are trying to explore more biological properties of Cu (II) NHC complexes in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Hari Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, 522510 Guntur, India
| | | | - A Lakshmana Rao
- VV Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 521356 Gudlavalleru, India
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20
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Scattolin T, Canovese L, Visentin F, Paganelli S, Canton P, Demitri N. Synthesis of novel allyl palladium complexes bearing purine based NHC and a water soluble phosphine and their catalytic activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling in water. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Venice Italy
| | - Luciano Canovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Venice Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Venice Italy
| | - Stefano Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Venice Italy
| | - Patrizia Canton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Venice Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italy
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21
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Mohapatra B, Pratibha, Verma S. Directed adenine functionalization for creating complex architectures for material and biological applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4748-4758. [PMID: 28393940 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this feature article, targeted design strategies are outlined for modified adenine nucleobase derivatives in order to construct metal-mediated discrete complexes, ring-expanded purine skeletons, linear and catenated coordination polymers, shape-selective MOFs, and purine-capped nanoparticles, with a wide range of applications from gas and solvent adsorption to bioimaging agents and anticancer metallodrugs. The success of such design strategies could be ascribed to the rich chemistry of purine and pyrimidine derivatives, versatile coordination behavior, ability to bind a host of metal ions, which could be further tuned by the introduction of additional functionalities, and their inherent propensity to hydrogen bond and exhibit π-π interactions. These noncovalent interactions produce stable frameworks and network solids that are useful as advanced materials, and the biocompatibility of these ligand complexes provides an impetus for assessing novel biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.
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22
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Nasr A, Winkler A, Tamm M. Anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes: Synthesis, coordination chemistry and applications in homogeneous catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Szadkowska A, Staszko S, Zaorska E, Pawłowski R. A theophylline based copper N-heterocyclic carbene complex: synthesis and activity studies in green media. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of an easily accessible theophylline-derived copper complex with additional ammonium functionalization has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szadkowska
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Sebastian Staszko
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry
| | - Ewelina Zaorska
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Robert Pawłowski
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
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24
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Jahnke MC, Hahn FE. Complexes with protic (NH,NH and NH,NR) N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Jahnke MC, Hahn FE. Complexes Bearing Protic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Applications. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.141052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike C. Jahnke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
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26
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Drost RM, Broere DLJ, Hoogenboom J, de Baan SN, Lutz M, de Bruin B, Elsevier CJ. Allylpalladium(II) Histidylidene Complexes and Their Application in
Z
‐Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Alkynes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201403104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben M. Drost
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD Amsterdam, the Netherlands, http://hims.uva.nl/research/research‐groups/content/molecular‐ inorganic‐chemistry/molecular‐inorganic‐chemistry.html
| | - Daniël L. J. Broere
- Homogeneous Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorin Hoogenboom
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD Amsterdam, the Netherlands, http://hims.uva.nl/research/research‐groups/content/molecular‐ inorganic‐chemistry/molecular‐inorganic‐chemistry.html
| | - Simone N. de Baan
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD Amsterdam, the Netherlands, http://hims.uva.nl/research/research‐groups/content/molecular‐ inorganic‐chemistry/molecular‐inorganic‐chemistry.html
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. de Bruin
- Homogeneous Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. J. Elsevier
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD Amsterdam, the Netherlands, http://hims.uva.nl/research/research‐groups/content/molecular‐ inorganic‐chemistry/molecular‐inorganic‐chemistry.html
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27
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Chaplin AB. Rhodium(I) Complexes of the Conformationally Rigid IBioxMe4 Ligand: Preparation of Mono-, Bis-, and Tris-ligated NHC Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500332n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B. Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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28
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Brackemeyer D, Hervé A, Schulte to Brinke C, Jahnke MC, Hahn FE. A versatile methodology for the regioselective C⁸-metalation of purine bases. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7841-4. [PMID: 24823250 DOI: 10.1021/ja5030904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleobases are excellent ligands for metal ions, forming normally coordinative Werner-type bonds by utilizing the N donor atoms of the nucleobase skeleton. Here we show that purines such as 8-chlorocaffeine and 8-bromo-9-methyladenine react with [Pt(PPh3)4] under oxidative addition of the C(8)-halogen bond to the metal center. The resulting Pt(II) complexes feature a C(8)-bound ylidene ligand. Protonation of the ylidene at the N(7/9)-atom yields complexes bearing a protic N-heterocyclic carbene ligand derived from the purine base with an NMe,NH-substitution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Brackemeyer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, Germany
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29
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Denisov MS, Usatykh IS, Gorbunov AA, Maiorova OA, Glushkov VA. N-heterocyclic carbenes: VIII. Benzimidazolium diterpene salts with an oxo group in substituent. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428014050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Bertrand B, Stefan L, Pirrotta M, Monchaud D, Bodio E, Richard P, Le Gendre P, Warmerdam E, de Jager MH, Groothuis GM, Picquet M, Casini A. Caffeine-Based Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Possible Anticancer Agents: Synthesis and Biological Properties. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2296-303. [DOI: 10.1021/ic403011h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bertrand
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and
Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Loic Stefan
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Marc Pirrotta
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - David Monchaud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Ewen Bodio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Richard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Elena Warmerdam
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and
Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina H. de Jager
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and
Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geny M.M. Groothuis
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and
Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Picquet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Angela Casini
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and
Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Khanna S, Jana B, Saha A, Kurkute P, Ghosh S, Verma S. Targeting cytotoxicity and tubulin polymerization by metal–carbene complexes on a purine tautomer platform. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9838-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the synthesis, structural investigation and tubulin binding of purine rare imino tautomer based Ag(i) and Hg(ii)–carbene complexes. These complexes exhibit cytotoxicity through tubulin interaction by binding to a site close to the GTP binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Khanna
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Batakrishna Jana
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Abhijit Saha
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Prashant Kurkute
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016, India
- DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Soft Nanofabrication
- Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering
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32
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Bakherad M, Amin AH, Gholipoor F. Synthesis and Characterization of the 2-Methylaminopyridine-functionalized Polystyrene Resin-supported Pd(II) Catalyst for the Mizoroki-Heck and Sonogashira Reactions in Water. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Monney A, Albrecht M. Transition metal bioconjugates with an organometallic link between the metal and the biomolecular scaffold. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Arumugam K, Chang J, Lynch VM, Bielawski CW. Cationic Iridium Complexes Containing Anionic Iridium Counterions Supported by Redox-Active N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4004829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuppuswamy Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Jinho Chang
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
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35
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Bakherad M, Jajarmi S. A dithizone-functionalized polystyrene resin-supported Pd(II) complex as an effective catalyst for Suzuki, Heck, and copper-free Sonogashira reactions under aerobic conditions in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Bakherad M, Keivanloo A, Bahramian B, Jajarmi S. Suzuki, Heck, and copper-free Sonogashira reactions catalyzed by 4-amino-5-methyl-3-thio-1,2,4-triazole-functionalized polystyrene resin-supported Pd(II) under aerobic conditions in water. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Schaper LA, Hock SJ, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Synthesis and Application of Water-Soluble NHC Transition-Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:270-89. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Schaper LA, Hock SJ, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Synthese und Anwendung wasserlöslicher NHC-Übergangsmetall-Komplexe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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39
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Makhloufi A, Frank W, Ganter C. Converting Caffeine to Electronically Different N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with a Hypoxanthine Backbone. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300836w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Makhloufi
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Walter Frank
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ganter
- Institut für
Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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40
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Hu JJ, Bai SQ, Yeh HH, Young DJ, Chi Y, Hor TSA. N-heterocyclic carbene Pt(II) complexes from caffeine: synthesis, structures and photoluminescent properties. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4402-6. [PMID: 21409198 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01380c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The caffeine-derived N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex [Pt(II)(C^N)(NHC)Cl] (C^N = 2-phenylpyridine), 4 has the opposite stereochemistry and a shorter Pt-C(carbene) bond compared to that of an analogous benzimidazole-derived N,N-heterocyclic carbene (NNHC) Pt complex 2. These suggest a lower trans influence of pyridyl N compared to cyclometallated carbon and an increased Pt-NHC π-backbonding because of decreased π-donation resulting from conjugation to the electron deficient pyrimidine of caffeine. Complex 4 has a lower emission quantum yield (Φ) and is blue-shifted into the green region of the visible spectrum relative to non-carbene Pt(II) cyclometalated complex 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, Singapore 117543
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41
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Short synthesis of bis-NHC-Pd catalyst derived from caffeine and its applications to Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions in aqueous solution. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Mendoza-Espinosa D, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Synthesis of 4- and 4,5-functionalized imidazol-2-ylidenes from a single 4,5-unsubstituted imidazol-2-ylidene. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7264-5. [PMID: 20443633 PMCID: PMC3134311 DOI: 10.1021/ja102639a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Using the nucleophilicity of NHCs and aNHCs, as well as the leaving group ability of the former, the carbon-carbon double bond of imidazol-2-ylidenes can be readily mono- and difunctionalized. These results provide also a new light on the formation of abnormal carbene adducts from classical unsaturated NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mendoza-Espinosa
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMR 2282), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMR 2282), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMR 2282), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
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43
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Benhamou L, Vujkovic N, César V, Gornitzka H, Lugan N, Lavigne G. Facile Derivatization of a “Chemo-active” NHC Incorporating an Enolate Backbone and Relevant Tuning of Its Electronic Properties. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1003607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Benhamou
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Nadia Vujkovic
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Heinz Gornitzka
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Lavigne
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
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44
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Skander M, Retailleau P, Bourrié B, Schio L, Mailliet P, Marinetti A. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Amine Pt(II) Complexes, a New Chemical Space for the Development of Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2146-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901693m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriem Skander
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, I.C.S.N., CNRS UPR 2301, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, I.C.S.N., CNRS UPR 2301, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard Bourrié
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche et Développement, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurent Schio
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche et Développement, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Patrick Mailliet
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche et Développement, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Angela Marinetti
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, I.C.S.N., CNRS UPR 2301, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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45
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Studies on the coordination chemistry of methylated xanthines and their imidazolium salts. Part 1: benzyl derivatives. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-009-9310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Downing SP, Pogorzelec PJ, Danopoulos AA, Cole-Hamilton DJ. Indenyl- and Fluorenyl-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium - Synthetic, Structural and Catalytic Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tapu D, Dixon DA, Roe C. 13C NMR Spectroscopy of “Arduengo-type” Carbenes and Their Derivatives. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3385-407. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tapu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Central Research & Development, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Central Research & Development, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
| | - Christopher Roe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Central Research & Development, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
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Arduengo, III AJ, Iconaru LI. Fused polycyclic nucleophilic carbenes – synthesis, structure, and function. Dalton Trans 2009:6903-14. [DOI: 10.1039/b907211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zinner SC, Rentzsch CF, Herdtweck E, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. N-heterocyclic carbenes of iridium(I): ligand effects on the catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2009:7055-62. [DOI: 10.1039/b906855d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Appelhans LN, Incarvito CD, Crabtree RH. Synthesis of monodentate bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes of iridium: Mixed complexes of abnormal NHCs, normal NHCs, and triazole NHCs. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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