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Rimsza JM, Chackerian SCB, Boyle TJ, Hernandez-Sanchez BA. Stability Evaluation of Candidate Precursors for Chemical Vapor Deposition of Hafnium Diboride (HfB 2). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11404-11410. [PMID: 34056295 PMCID: PMC8153926 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alternative candidate precursors to [Hf(BH4)4] for low-temperature chemical vapor deposition of hafnium diboride (HfB2) films were identified using density functional theory simulations of molecules with the composition [Hf(BH4)2L2], where L = -OH, -OMe, -O-t-Bu, -NH2, -N=C=O, -N(Me)2, and -N(CH2)5NH2 (1-piperidin-2-amine referred to as Pip2A). Disassociation energies (E D), potential energy surface (PES) scans, ionization potentials, and electron affinities were all calculated to identify the strength of the Hf-L bond and the potential reactivity of the candidate precursor. Ultimately, the low E D (2.07 eV) of the BH4 ligand removal from the Hf atom in [Hf(BH4)4] was partially attributed to an intermediate state where [Hf(BH4)3(H)] and BH3 is formed. Of the candidate precursors investigated, three exhibited a similar mechanism, but only -Pip2A had a PES scan that indicated binding competitive with [Hf(BH4)4], making it a viable candidate for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Rimsza
- Geochemistry
Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Samuel C. B. Chackerian
- Geochemistry
Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Timothy J. Boyle
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, 1001 University Blvd., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Bernadette A. Hernandez-Sanchez
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, 1001 University Blvd., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
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2
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Guo Z, Xu Y, Wu X, Wei X, Xi C. Potassium complexes containing bidentate pyrrole ligands: synthesis, structures, and catalytic activity for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanates. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8116-8121. [PMID: 31032504 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bidentate pyrrolyl ligands, 2-(t-butyliminomethyl)pyrrole and 2-(t-butylaminomethyl)pyrrole, reacted with KH to give complexes [C4H3N(2-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]NtBu)K(THF)]n (1) and [C4H3N(2-CH2NHtBu)K]n (2), respectively. Each has been characterized by C, H and N microanalysis, NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray structural analysis. The X-ray structure of complex 1 (n≥ 1) demonstrated that it exists as a 1D zig-zag coordination polymer in the solid state. Conversely, the structure of complex 2 (n≥ 1) showed that it is a 2D supramolecular network. They proved to be an effective class of catalysts for cyclotrimerization of isocyanate in excellent yield under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guo
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China.
| | - Xuehong Wei
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P.R. China.
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
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Alves LG, Madeira F, Munhá RF, Barroso S, Veiros LF, Martins AM. Reactions of heteroallenes with cyclam-based Zr(IV) complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1441-55. [PMID: 25427676 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work describes reactions of heteroallenes with diamido-diamine cyclam-based Zr(iv) complexes of the general formula (Bn2Cyclam)ZrX2 (X = O(t)Bu, , O(i)Pr, , SPh, , NH(t)Bu, ) as well as the di-orthometallated species ((C6H4CH2)2Cyclam)Zr, . The reactions of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with , or resulted in the formation of N-bonded ureate or thioureate cyclam complexes upon [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the Zr-Namido bonds of the cyclam to the heteroallene (). DFT calculations showed that κ(2)-N,N'-ureate bonding is favoured over κ(2)-N,O-ureates, which in turn may be formed in reactions with bulky isocyanates as 1-naphthyl isocyanate (NpN[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]O). The reactions of with N,N'-cyclohexylcarbodiimide (CyN[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]NCy) and carbon disulfide afforded guanidinate and dithiocarbamate fragments, respectively, appended to one of the nitrogen atoms of the cyclam ligand. These reactions represent a reliable method for the synthesis of asymmetrically N-functionalized cyclams giving rise to C1 symmetry Zr(iv) species by addition of one equivalent of heteroallenes. The reaction of (Bn2Cyclam)Zr(NH(t)Bu)2, , with one equivalent of mesityl isocyanate (MesN[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]O) also proceeds through insertion, involving one Zr-NH(t)Bu bond. However, it was observed that the reaction of (Bn2Cyclam)Zr(NH(t)Bu)2, , with MesN[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]O follows a different path if the reaction is carried out at 60 °C. In this case the reaction leads to [2 + 2] addition of the Zr-Ncyclam bond to the isocyanate, with a concomitant occurrence of orthometallation of the one benzyl pending group of the cyclam ring. The reaction of (t)BuN[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]O with the di-orthometallated complex ((C6H4CH2)2Cyclam)Zr, , also gave a κ(2)-N,N'-ureate fragment, by isocyanate addition to the macrocycle. DFT calculations on these systems were conducted in an attempt to rationalise the reactivity patterns observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Alves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Lu E, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. The ketimide ligand is not just an inert spectator: heteroallene insertion reactivity of an actinide-ketimide linkage in a thorium carbene amide ketimide complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9356-9. [PMID: 25044515 PMCID: PMC4464536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The ketimide anion R2C=N(-) is an important class of chemically robust ligand that binds strongly to metal ions and is considered ideal for supporting reactive metal fragments due to its inert spectator nature; this contrasts with R2N(-) amides that exhibit a wide range of reactivities. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a rare example of an actinide ketimide complex [Th(BIPM(TMS)){N(SiMe3)2}(N=CPh2)] [2, BIPM(TMS)=C(PPh2NSiMe3)2]. Complex 2 contains Th=C(carbene), Th-N(amide) and Th-N(ketimide) linkages, thereby presenting the opportunity to probe the preferential reactivity of these linkages. Importantly, reactivity studies of 2 with unsaturated substrates shows that insertion reactions occur preferentially at the Th-N(ketimide) bond rather than at the Th=C(carbene) or Th-N(amide) bonds. This overturns the established view that metal-ketimide linkages are purely inert spectators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Lu
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
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Lu E, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. The Ketimide Ligand is Not Just an Inert Spectator: Heteroallene Insertion Reactivity of an Actinide-Ketimide Linkage in a Thorium Carbene Amide Ketimide Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bidentate pyrrolyl lithium complexes: Synthesis, crystal structure and catalytic activity for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanates. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hsu JW, Lin YC, Hsiao CS, Datta A, Lin CH, Huang JH, Tsai JC, Hsu WC. Zirconium complexes incorporated with asymmetrical tridentate pincer type mono- and di-anionic pyrrolyl ligands: mechanism and reactivity as catalytic precursors. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:7700-7. [PMID: 22622350 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of Zr(NR(2))(4) (1, R = Me; 2, R = Et) with an asymmetrical tridentate pincer type pyrrole ligand precursor [C(4)H(2)NH(2-CH(2)NH(t)Bu)(5-CH(2)NMe(2))] and treatment of the derivatives with either PhNCS or PhNCO have been carried out and characterized. Reacting Zr(NR(2))(4) (1, R = Me; 2, R = Et) with [C(4)H(2)NH(2-CH(2)NH(t)Bu)(5-CH(2)NMe(2))] generates Zr[C(4)H(2)N(2-CH(2)N(t)Bu)(5-CH(2)NMe(2))](NR(2))(2) (3, R = Me; 4, R = Et) in high yield along with the elimination of 2 equiv of dimethylamine or diethylamine, respectively. Interestingly, while changing the solvent from Et(2)O to CH(2)Cl(2), the complex Zr[C(4)H(2)N(2-CH(2)N(t)Bu)(5-CH(2)NMe(2))][C(4)H(2)N(2-CH(2)NH(t)Bu)(5-CH(2)NMe(2))]Cl (5) is produced by undergoing C-Cl bond cleavage. Furthermore, reaction of either 3 or 4 with 1 or 2 equiv of PhNCS or PhNCO yields Zr[C(4)H(2)N(2-CH(2)N(t)Bu)(5-CH(2)NMe(2))](NMe(2))[PhNC(NMe(2))S] (6), Zr[C(4)H(2)N(2-CH(2)N(t)Bu)(5-CH(2)NMe(2))](NEt(2))[PhNC(NEt(2))O] (7) and Zr[C(4)H(2)N(2-CH(2)NH(t)Bu)(5-CH(2)NMe(2))][PhNC(NEt(2))O](3) (8), respectively. All the aforementioned complexes were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectrometry and the molecular structures of 5, 6, and 8 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Complexes 4, 5, and 7 initiated the ethylene polymerization in the presence of MAO as the co-catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
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Alves LG, Martins AM. Cyclam Functionalization through Isocyanate Insertion in Zr–N Bonds. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:10-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201750y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. Alves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Lee WY, Hsieh CC, Hsu JW, Datta A, Lin YC, Huang JH, Lee TY. Zirconium and hafnium amide, alkoxide, and pyrrolyl complexes manifesting with pyrrolyl-linked N-donor ligands: Syntheses, characterization, and ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schmidt S, Schäper R, Schulz S, Bläser D, Wölper C. Insertion Reactions of Heterocumulenes into Zn−C Bonds: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Multinuclear Zinc Amidate Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schmidt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Raphaela Schäper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
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Leitch D, Turner C, Schafer L. Isolation of Catalytic Intermediates in Hydroamination Reactions: Insertion of Internal Alkynes into a Zirconium-Amido Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Leitch D, Turner C, Schafer L. Isolation of Catalytic Intermediates in Hydroamination Reactions: Insertion of Internal Alkynes into a Zirconium-Amido Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6382-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Leitch DC, Beard JD, Thomson RK, Wright VA, Patrick BO, Schafer LL. N,O-Chelates of Group 4 Metals: Contrasting the Use of Amidates and Ureates in the Synthesis of Metal Dichlorides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pothiraja R, Milanov AP, Barreca D, Gasparotto A, Becker HW, Winter M, Fischer RA, Devi A. Hafnium carbamates and ureates: new class of precursors for low-temperature growth of HfO2 thin films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1978-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b821128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stanlake LJE, Beard JD, Schafer LL. Rare-Earth Amidate Complexes. Easily Accessed Initiators For ε-Caprolactone Ring-Opening Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:8062-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8010635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa J. E. Stanlake
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 6174 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - J. David Beard
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 6174 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 6174 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Hsieh KC, Lee WY, Hsueh LF, Lee HM, Huang JH. Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium and Hafnium Aryloxide Compounds and Their Reactivity Towards Lactide and ε-Caprolactone Polymerization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Synthesis and characterization of lithium and yttrium complexes containing tridentate pyrrolyl ligands. Single-crystal X-ray structures of {Li[C4H2N(CH2NMe2)2-2,5]}2 (1) and {[C4H2N(CH2NMe2)2-2,5]YCl2(μ-Cl)·Li(OEt2)2}2 (2) and ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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