1
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Luh T, Cheng Y. Hydrosilylation for the synthesis of sequence‐controlled periodic copolymers. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tien‐Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
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2
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π-Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Organic-Silicon Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040716. [PMID: 35215629 PMCID: PMC8877693 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution and emergence of organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells have been deemed as promising sustainable future technologies, owing to the use of π-conjugated polymers. In this regard, the scope of this review article presents a comprehensive summary of the applications of π-conjugated polymers as hole transporting layers (HTLs) or emitters in both organic solar cells and organic-silicon hybrid heterojunction solar cells. The different techniques used to synthesize these polymers are discussed in detail, including their electronic band structure and doping mechanisms. The general architecture and principle of operating heterojunction solar cells is addressed. In both discussed solar cell types, incorporation of π-conjugated polymers as HTLs have seen a dramatic increase in efficiencies attained by these devices, owing to the high transmittance in the visible to near-infrared region, reduced carrier recombination, high conductivity, and high hole mobilities possessed by the p-type polymeric materials. However, these cells suffer from long-term stability due to photo-oxidation and parasitic absorptions at the anode interface that results in total degradation of the polymeric p-type materials. Although great progress has been seen in the incorporation of conjugated polymers in the various solar cell types, there is still a long way to go for cells incorporating polymeric materials to realize commercialization and large-scale industrial production due to the shortcomings in the stability of the polymers. This review therefore discusses the progress in using polymeric materials as HTLs in organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells with the intention to provide insight on the quest of producing highly efficient but less expensive solar cells.
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He ZW, Zhang Q, Li CX, Han HT, Lu Y. Synthesis of Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based Alternating Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation for Near-infrared OLED Applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, N. Abdullah S, Brza MA. Conducting Polymers for Optoelectronic Devices and Organic Solar Cells: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2627. [PMID: 33182241 PMCID: PMC7695322 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review paper, we present a comprehensive summary of the different organic solar cell (OSC) families. Pure and doped conjugated polymers are described. The band structure, electronic properties, and charge separation process in conjugated polymers are briefly described. Various techniques for the preparation of conjugated polymers are presented in detail. The applications of conductive polymers for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are explained thoroughly. The architecture of organic polymer solar cells including single layer, bilayer planar heterojunction, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) are described. Moreover, designing conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications and optimizations of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are discussed. Principles of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells are addressed. Finally, strategies for band gap tuning and characteristics of solar cell are presented. In this article, several processing parameters such as the choice of solvent(s) for spin casting film, thermal and solvent annealing, solvent additive, and blend composition that affect the nano-morphology of the photoactive layer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary R. Murad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Civil engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Sozan N. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - Mohamad A. Brza
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia;
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5
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Rasmussen SC. Conjugated and Conducting Organic Polymers: The First 150 Years. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1412-1429. [PMID: 33034956 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conductive organic polymers are most commonly generated from the oxidation or reduction of conjugated polymers. Although such conjugated polymers are typically viewed as modern materials, the earliest examples of these polymers date back to the early 19th century. The modern era of conjugated polymers began with the first reports of their conductive nature in the early 1960s. However, it was advances in the 1970s that brought particular focus to these materials with the first example of conductivity values in the metallic regime, for which the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Hideki Shirakawa, Alan MacDiarmid, and Alan Heeger. Unfortunately, the historical narrative of these polymers is currently quite muddled in the primary literature, with various inaccuracies commonly propagated. In an effort to present a more accurate account as a resource for the field, the present report will review the first 150 years of the four primary parent polymers-polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, and polythiophene, from their early origins in 1834 to their rapid development in the mid-1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth C Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Wei Y, Xu L, He S, Li C, Wu Q, Zeng X, Wang H, Liu K. Novel benzimidazole-based conjugated polyelectrolytes: synthesis, solution photophysics and fluorescent sensing of metal ions. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo benzimidazole-based conjugated polyelectrolytes (+)-PPBIPV and (-)-PPBIPV which have opposite charges on their side chains were synthesized via Heck coupling reaction and characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-vis and PL spectroscopy. These two polyelectrolytes are both consisted of benzimidazole derivatives and phenylenevinylene units. The absorption and emission spectra reveal that the polymers both have solvent-dependency and concentration-dependency, and they exhibit aggregation effect in aqueous solution. In the respect of ion detection, the aqueous solution of (+)-PPBIPV has excellent selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3+. Moreover, Pd2+ can almost completely quench the fluorescence of (+)-PPBIPV in methanol solution, and its quenching constant KSV is 5.93×104 M-1. For (-)-PPBIPV, Sn2+ can double the fluorescence intensity of its aqueous solution, while (-)-PPBIPV has good identification for Fe3+ in methanol with a KSV = 3.44×105 M-1. Hence, two polyelectrolytes have considerable potential to become effective fluorescent sensing materials for some specific metal ions. All of the stoichiometric relationships between metal ions and conjugated polyelectrolytes were calculated using Benesi-Hildebrand equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wei
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan625014, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan625014, China
| | - Shengjiao He
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan625014, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan625014, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan625014, China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan625014, China
| | - Hanguang Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan625014, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan625014, China
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7
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Amna B, Siddiqi HM, Hassan A, Ozturk T. Recent developments in the synthesis of regioregular thiophene-based conjugated polymers for electronic and optoelectronic applications using nickel and palladium-based catalytic systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4322-4396. [PMID: 35495258 PMCID: PMC9049189 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-based conjugated polymers are important conjugated polymers due to their exceptional optical and conductive properties, over the past few decades many researchers have designed novel strategies to reach more efficient materials for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Amna
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Istanbul Technical University
| | | | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
- TUBITAK-UME
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Glöcklhofer F, Lunzer M, Stöger B, Fröhlich J. A Versatile One-Pot Access to Cyanoarenes from ortho
- and para
-Quinones: Paving the Way for Cyanated Functional Materials. Chemistry 2016; 22:5173-80. [PMID: 26928957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Glöcklhofer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Lunzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Berthold Stöger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/164 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Johannes Fröhlich
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163 1060 Vienna Austria
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9
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Mulholland ME, Konkol KL, Anderson TE, Schwiderski RL, Rasmussen SC. Tuning the Light Absorption of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers: Effects of Side Chains and ‘Spacer' Units in Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-Fluorene Copolymers. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Four donor–acceptor (D-A) copolymers of 2,3-difunctionalized thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TP) and 9,9-dioctylfluorene were prepared in order to illustrate the ability to tune the electronic and optical properties of TP-based D-A polymers by the choice of side chains on the TP unit. In addition, analogous polymers were prepared with and without thiophene spacer units in order to allow discussion of their effect on the material properties. This combination of effects allowed tuning of the band gap over the range of 1.6–2.1 eV. Full optical and electrochemical characterization is reported for all materials, as well as initial photovoltaic device data for representative materials.
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Kanbara T, Kuwabara J, Lu W. Ru-catalyzed site-selective direct arylation polycondensation via ortho-metalation of pyrrole derivative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/54/1/012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Damaceanu MD, Gilsing HD, Schulz B, Arvinte A, Bruma M. An easily functionalizable oligo(oxyethylene)- and ester-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) derivative exhibiting alkali metal ion response. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08275c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-vis spectra of P(ProDOT-EO-ester) in THF in the presence of different cations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Burkhard Schulz
- Institute of Thin Film and Microsensoric Technology
- 14513-Teltow, Germany
| | - Adina Arvinte
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi-700487, Romania
| | - Maria Bruma
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi-700487, Romania
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12
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13
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Fu H, Li J, Zhang Z, Zhan H, Li X, Cheng Y. Synthesis of novel polyfluorene with defined group in the center using aryl dipalladium complex as an initiator. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Lu W, Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymer Consisting of Pyrrole and Fluorene Units by Ru-Catalyzed Site-Selective Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1151-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Vogt EJ, Zapol'skii VA, Nutz E, Kaufmann DE. Synthetic Access to Hydrogen and Halogen Derivatives of 3-Amino-4-nitrothiophenes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Survey of recent advances of in the field of π-conjugated heterocyclic azomethines as materials with tuneable properties. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Zhao H, Liu CY, Luo SC, Zhu B, Wang TH, Hsu HF, Yu HH. Facile Syntheses of Dioxythiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers by Direct C–H Arylation. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300719n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ching-Yuan Liu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsai-Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 25137
| | - Hsiu-Fu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 25137
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Zhao H, Zhu B, Sekine J, Luo SC, Yu HH. Oligoethylene-glycol-functionalized polyoxythiophenes for cell engineering: syntheses, characterizations, and cell compatibilities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:680-686. [PMID: 22211371 DOI: 10.1021/am2012905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of methyl- or benzyl-capped oligoethylene glycol functionalized 2,5-dibromo-3-oxythiophenes are synthesized and successfully polymerized by either Grignard metathesis (GRIM) polymerization or reductive coupling polymerization to yield the corresponding polymers in reasonable yields and molecular weights with narrow molecular weight distribution. These synthesized polyoxythiophenes exhibit high electroactivity and stability in aqueous solution when a potential is applied. Polyoxythiophenes from different polymerization approaches display different colors after purification and spectroelectrochemical studies confirm that the difference of color is from the difference of doping state. Little cytotoxicity is observed for the polymers by in vitro cell compatibility assay. NIH3T3 fibroblast cells are well attached and proliferate on spin-coated films. These results indicate that oligoethylene-glycol-functionalized polyoxythiophenes are promising candidates as conducting biomatierals for biomedical and bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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19
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Winkler M, Montero de Espinosa L, Barner-Kowollik C, Meier MAR. A new approach for modular polymer–polymer conjugations via Heck coupling. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Lin Z, Bjorgaard J, Gul Yavuz A, Iyer A, Köse ME. Synthesis, photophysics, and photovoltaic properties of low-band gap conjugated polymers based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione: a combined experimental and computational study. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00570g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Rasmussen SC, Schwiderski RL, Mulholland ME. Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines and their applications to low band gap organic materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11394-410. [PMID: 21785759 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12754c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of fused-ring thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines in conjugated organic polymers has been found to be a powerful approach to the production of low band gap materials. While thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based materials date back to the early 1990s, significant advances in the preparation and scope of thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based materials have been reported in recent years, primarily in response to the increasing demand for reduced band gap materials in photovoltaic devices. In this review, we provide an overview of thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines and their application to conjugated materials, highlighting in particular the recent advances in the breadth of thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine building blocks and the promise of tuning materials to achieve optimal properties for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth C Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
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Gordon TJ, Szabo LD, Linder T, Berlinguette CP, Baumgartner T. Structure–property relationships of acylated asymmetric dithienophospholes. CR CHIM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Zhang XW, Gu ZW. 4,4′-[2,5-Bis(dodecyloxy)- p-phenylene]bis(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o1521. [PMID: 21587771 PMCID: PMC3006914 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810019227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C40H66O4, the C and O atoms of the propinyl and dodecoxyl substituents are nearly coplanar with the benzene ring, 1.735 (6), 8.804 (1), 8.786 (1) and 9.577 (3)°, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are connected by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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Cheng YJ, Yang SH, Hsu CS. Synthesis of conjugated polymers for organic solar cell applications. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5868-923. [PMID: 19785455 DOI: 10.1021/cr900182s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2222] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsin-Chu 30049, Taiwan.
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Lanni EL, McNeil AJ. Mechanistic Studies on Ni(dppe)Cl2-Catalyzed Chain-Growth Polymerizations: Evidence for Rate-Determining Reductive Elimination. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16573-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904197q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Lanni
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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Chou CM, Chen WQ, Chen JH, Lin CL, Tseng JC, Lee CF, Luh TY. Convergent/Divergent Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Alternating Benzene–Furan Oligoaryls from Substituted Propargylic Dithioacetals. Chem Asian J 2006; 1:46-55. [PMID: 17441037 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A range of oligoaryls that contain alternating benzene-furan rings is synthesized by a rapid convergent/divergent method from the annulation of a propargylic dithioacetal and an aldehyde with a propargylic dithioacetal moiety as a substituent. These oligomers are fairly soluble in a range of organic solvents and can be easily purified by reprecipitation. The substituents on the furan rings can be varied according to the substituents in the starting propargylic dithioacetals. This route provides a useful procedure for the synthesis of alternating benzene-furan oligomers without repeated units. These furan-containing oligoaryls are highly fluorescent in the visible region and are electrochemically active. The band gaps of these oligomers appear to be less sensitive towards changes in conjugation length than those of oligofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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27
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Fang Q, Ren S, Xu B, Du J, Cao A. New π-conjugated polyaryleneethynylenes containing a 1,3,5-triazine unit in the main chain: Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Grigoras M, Antonoaia NC. Synthesis of isoelectronic polyazomethine and poly(arylene vinylene) by a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling method. POLYM INT 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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