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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Li W, Han LJ, Zhan SZ, Liu WW, Sun ZH, Cao DR. Synthesis and reactivity with M(II) (M=Co and Cu) chloride of 1-[(2-carboxyethyl)benzene]-3-[benzothiazole]triazene. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.548008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li-Jun Han
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shu-Zhong Zhan
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Han Sun
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - De-Rong Cao
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Barrett AGM, Crimmin MR, Hill MS, Hitchcock PB, Kociok-Köhn G, Procopiou PA. Triazenide Complexes of the Heavier Alkaline Earths: Synthesis, Characterization, And Suitability for Hydroamination Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7366-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800789x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter B. Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., The Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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