Intramolecular carbonyl⋯carbonyl interactions in W, Mo and Fe complexes containing the η1-N-maleimidato ligand: X-ray, DFT and AIM studies

The role of sulfur interactions in crystal architecture: experimental and quantum theoretical studies on hydrogen, halogen, and chalcogen bonds in trithiocyanuric acid–pyridine N-oxide co-crystals

Hydrogen, halogen, chalcogen bonds and π interactions of the trithiocyanuric acid ring are responsible for crystal structure architecture and have been classified according to the QTAIM approach as closed-shell interactions.

The nature of NO-bonding in N-oxide group

The nature of the NO-bond in the N-oxide group was investigated by means of combined theoretical calculations (including QTAIM and NBO approaches) and statistical analyses of the contents of crystal structure databases. The N-O bond in the N-oxide group should be classified as the NO donating bond with an important contribution of ON back-donation (of the π-electron type, when available). The visualization of the Laplacian of electron density in the region of an oxygen valence sphere suggests the presence of two lone pairs for the imine-N-oxide group (characterized by effective ON back-donation). A detailed bonding analysis performed by means of natural resonance theory indicates that the N→O bond is of an order of magnitude clearly greater than 1. In addition, the stability of the N→O bond in various N-oxides was estimated. The analyses of the hydrogen- and halogen-bonded complexes of the N-oxides reveal strong Lewis basicity of the N-oxide group. The formation of H- and X-bonding leads to N→O bond elongation due to its structural, topological and spectroscopic characteristics. Moreover, in pyridine-N-oxide, the electron-withdrawing -NO2 group additionally stabilizes the N→O bond, whereas the opposite effect can be observed for the electron-donating-NH2 substituent. This is due to a substituent effect on the π-type ON back-donation. As a result, the oxygen atom in pyridine-N-oxide may change its availability during intermolecular interaction formation, as revealed in the interaction energy, which changes by about half of the estimated total interaction energy.

Carbonyl-carbonyl and carbonyl-π interactions as directing motifs in the supramolecular structure of carbonyl(3-oxopenta-1,4-diene-1,5-diyl)[tris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-κN2)methane]iridium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate

In the title complex salt, [Ir(C(5)H(4)O)(C(16)H(22)N(6))(CO)](CF(3)O(3)S), the Ir(III) centre adopts a distorted octahedral geometry with a facial coordination of the tris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane ligand. The C-C distances of the iridacycle are in agreement with its iridacyclohexa-2,5-dien-4-one nature, which presents a nonsymmetric boat-like conformation with the C-Ir-C vertex more bent than the C-C(=O)-C vertex. The supramolecular architecture is mainly directed by CO...CO and CO...π and Csp(3)-H...O interactions, the arrangement of which depends on the anion.