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Substrate-Dependent Selectivity in Sc(OTf)3-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkenoic Acids and N-Protected Alkenamides. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Five- and six-membered ring lactones and lactams are ubiquitous frameworks in various natural and synthetic molecules and are key building blocks in organic synthesis. Catalytic addition of an O-H or N-H bond across an unactivated C–C double bond is an appealing approach to rapidly access such highly valuable N- and O-containing skeletons in a waste-free and 100% atom efficient process. Herein, we report, for the first time, the efficient and high-yield cyclization of δ/ε-alkenoic acids and N-protected δ-alkenamides catalyzedby practical and easily accessible Lewis acid scandium(III) triflate under thermal and microwave conditions. The selectivity outcome of the reaction of δ/ε-alkenoic acids was dependent on the substitution patterns of the backbone chain and alkene moiety, leading to the exclusive formation of either the corresponding γ/δ-lactones via an O-selective cyclization or the Friedel–Crafts-type product by C-selective cyclization. An uncommon and rarely disclosed O-selective cyclization occurred preferentially or exclusively when N-protected δ-alkenamides were engaged in the reaction. The atom selectivity of the cyclization was unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
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Atom-transfer radical cyclization of α-bromocarboxamides under organophotocatalytic conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fantinati A, Zanirato V, Marchetti P, Trapella C. The Fascinating Chemistry of α-Haloamides. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:100-170. [PMID: 32025460 PMCID: PMC6996577 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight the rich chemistry of α-haloamides originally mainly used to discover new C-N, C-O and C-S bond forming reactions, and later widely employed in C-C cross-coupling reactions with C(sp3), C(sp2) and C(sp) coupling partners. Radical-mediated transformations of α-haloamides bearing a suitable located unsaturated bond has proven to be a straightforward alternative to access diverse cyclic compounds by means of either radical initiators, transition metal redox catalysis or visible light photoredox catalysis. On the other hand, cycloadditions with α-halohydroxamate-based azaoxyallyl cations have garnered significant attention. Moreover, in view of the important role in life and materials science of difluoroalkylated compounds, a wide range of catalysts has been developed for the efficient incorporation of difluoroacetamido moieties into activated as well as unactivated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fantinati
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 1744121FerraraItaly E-mail: V. Zanirato
| | - Vinicio Zanirato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 1744121FerraraItaly E-mail: V. Zanirato
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 1744121FerraraItaly E-mail: V. Zanirato
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 1744121FerraraItaly E-mail: V. Zanirato
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Clark AJ, Duckmanton JN, Felluga F, Gennaro A, Ghelfi F, Hardiman JRD, Isse AA, Manferdini C, Spinelli D. Cu 0-Promoted Cyclisation of Unsaturated α-Halogeno Amides To Give β- and γ-Lactams. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Isse AA, Visonà G, Ghelfi F, Roncaglia F, Gennaro A. Electrochemical Approach to Copper-Catalyzed Reversed Atom Transfer Radical Cyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Diaba F, Martínez-Laporta A, Bonjoch J. Atom transfer radical cyclization of trichloroacetamides to electron-rich acceptors using Grubbs' catalysts: synthesis of the tricyclic framework of FR901483. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9365-72. [PMID: 25203675 DOI: 10.1021/jo501110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular Kharasch-type additions of trichloroacetamides on anisole and enol acetates catalyzed by Grubbs' ruthenium carbenes are described. This protocol provides access to highly functionalized 2-azaspiro[4.5]decanes, morphan compounds, and the azatricyclic core of FR901483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faïza Diaba
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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Bellesia F, Clark AJ, Felluga F, Gennaro A, Isse AA, Roncaglia F, Ghelfi F. Efficient and Green Route to γ-Lactams by Copper-Catalysed Reversed Atom Transfer Radical Cyclisation of α-Polychloro-N-allylamides, using a Low Load of Metal (0.5 mol%). Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kiefer G, Ruiz J, Solari E, Hilt G, Severin K. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Sequential Enyne Cross-Metathesis/ATRA Reactions. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Muñoz‐Molina JM, Belderrain TR, Pérez PJ. Atom Transfer Radical Reactions as a Tool for Olefin Functionalization – On the Way to Practical Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José María Muñoz‐Molina
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Tomás R. Belderrain
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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Radicals in transition metal catalyzed reactions? transition metal catalyzed radical reactions? - a fruitful interplay anyway: part 2. Radical catalysis by group 8 and 9 elements. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 320:191-322. [PMID: 22143610 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current status of transition metal catalyzed reactions involving radical intermediates in organic chemistry. This part focuses on radical-based methods catalyzed by group 8 and group 9 metal complexes. Reductive and redox-neutral coupling methods catalyzed by low-valent metal complexes as well as catalytic oxidative C-C bond formations are reviewed.
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Borguet Y, Sauvage X, Zaragoza G, Demonceau A, Delaude L. Tandem catalysis of ring-closing metathesis/atom transfer radical reactions with homobimetallic ruthenium-arene complexes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:1167-73. [PMID: 21160564 PMCID: PMC3002019 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tandem catalysis of ring-closing metathesis/atom transfer radical reactions was investigated with the homobimetallic ruthenium-indenylidene complex [(p-cymene)Ru(μ-Cl)₃RuCl(3-phenyl-1-indenylidene)(PCy₃)] (1) to generate active species in situ. The two catalytic processes were first carried out independently in a case study before the whole sequence was optimized and applied to the synthesis of several polyhalogenated bicyclic γ-lactams and lactones from α,ω-diene substrates bearing trihaloacetamide or trichloroacetate functionalities. The individual steps were carefully monitored by ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopies in order to understand the intimate details of the catalytic cycles. Polyhalogenated substrates and the ethylene released upon metathesis induced the clean transformation of catalyst precursor 1 into the Ru(II)-Ru(III) mixed-valence compound [(p-cymene)Ru(μ-Cl)₃RuCl(2)(PCy₃)], which was found to be an efficient promoter for atom transfer radical reactions under the adopted experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Borguet
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman par 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Pattarozzi M, Roncaglia F, Accorsi L, Parsons AF, Ghelfi F. Functional rearrangement of 3-Cl or 3,3-diCl-γ-lactams bearing a secondary 1-chloroalkyl substituent at C-4. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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McGonagle FI, Brown L, Cooke A, Sutherland A. A three-step tandem process for the synthesis of bicyclic γ-lactams. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3418-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c004695g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bull JA, Luján C, Hutchings MG, Quayle P. Application of the BHQ benzannulation reaction to the synthesis of benzo-fused coumarins. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bull JA, Hutchings MG, Luján C, Quayle P. New reactivity patterns of copper(I) and other transition metal NHC complexes: application to ATRC and related reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thommes K, Içli B, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Atom-Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) and Cyclization (ATRC) Reactions Catalyzed by a Mixture of [RuCl2Cp*(PPh3)] and Magnesium. Chemistry 2007; 13:6899-907. [PMID: 17546709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new catalytic procedure for atom-transfer radical addition (ATRA) and cyclization (ATRC) reactions is described. The combination of the ruthenium(III) complex [RuCl(2)Cp*(PPh3)] (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with magnesium allows these reactions to be performed under mild conditions with high efficiency. In most cases, the catalyst concentrations required are significantly lower than those used in previously reported procedures. It is suggested that magnesium acts as a reducing agent that generates and regenerates the catalytically active ruthenium(II) species. The precatalyst [RuCl(2)Cp*(PPh3)] has been analyzed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Thommes
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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