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Mrzygłód A, García Armada MP, Rzonsowska M, Dudziec B, Nowicki M. Metallodendrimers Unveiled: Investigating the Formation and Features of Double-Decker Silsesquioxane-Based Silylferrocene Dendrimers. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16932-16942. [PMID: 37774086 PMCID: PMC10583206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers exhibiting reversible redox properties have attracted extensive attention for their potential as electron transfer mediators, catalysts, and molecular sensors. In this study, we introduce intriguing G1 and G2 dendrimers featuring double-decker silsesquioxane cores and silylferrocene moieties. Through a carefully orchestrated sequence of condensation, reduction, and hydrosilylation reactions, these compounds were synthesized and comprehensively characterized spectroscopically and spectrometrically. Our investigation also encompassed the examination of their properties, including thermal stability, solubility in common organic solvents, and electrochemical behavior. We determined that these dendrimers possess the capability to form monolayers on platinum electrodes, which we conclusively demonstrated through the probing of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Notably, this study marks the first-ever example of modifying double-decker silsesquioxane cores with ferrocene groups while simultaneously representing one of the scarce instances of dendrimers exhibiting an open double-decker silsesquioxane core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mrzygłód
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University
in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - M. Pilar García Armada
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Química y Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica
Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad
Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monika Rzonsowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University
in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Dudziec
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University
in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Nowicki
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Institute
of Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Abbasi H, Teimuri‐Mofrad R. Synthesis and characterization of novel ferrocenyl glycidyl ether polymer, ferrocenyl poly (epichlorohydrin) and ferrocenyl poly (glycidyl azide). Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abbasi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Teimuri‐Mofrad
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
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Fernández L, Herrero M, Alonso B, Casado CM, Armada MPG. Three-dimensional electrocatalytic surface based on an octasilsesquioxane dendrimer for sensing applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Teimuri-Mofrad R, Abbasi H, Hadi R. Graphene oxide-grafted ferrocene moiety via ring opening polymerization (ROP) as a supercapacitor electrode material. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Losada J, García Armada MP, García E, Casado CM, Alonso B. Electrochemical preparation of gold nanoparticles on ferrocenyl-dendrimer film modified electrodes and their application for the electrocatalytic oxidation and amperometric detection of nitrite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ghimire G, Coceancigh H, Yi Y, Ito T. Electrochemical Characterization and Catalytic Application of Gold-Supported Ferrocene-Containing Diblock Copolymer Thin Films in Ethanol Solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2906-2913. [PMID: 28019098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the electrochemical behavior and catalytic property of electrode-supported thin films of polystyrene-block-poly(2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) (PS-b-PAEFc) in an ethanol (EtOH) solution. The electrochemical properties of PS-b-PAEFc films with different PAEFc volume fractions (fPAEFc = 0.47, 0.30, and 0.17) in 0.1 M ethanolic sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) were compared with those in an acetonitrile (MeCN) solution of 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate. Pristine PS-b-PAEFc films did not afford significant faradaic currents in the EtOH solution because EtOH is a nonsolvent for both PS and PAEFc. However, the films could be rendered redox-active in the EtOH solution by applying potentials in the MeCN solution to induce the redox-associated incorporation of the supporting electrolytes into the films. Atomic force microscopy images verified the stability of PAEFc microdomains upon electrochemical measurements in these solutions. Cyclic voltammograms measured in the EtOH solution for PS-b-PAEFc with the larger fPAEFc were diffusion-controlled regardless of ellipsometric film thickness (23-152 nm) at relatively slow scan rates, in contrast to those in the MeCN solution that were controlled by surface-confined redox species. The electron propagation efficiency in the EtOH solution was significantly lower than that in the MeCN solution because of the poorer swelling of the films, which limited the migration of counterions and the collisional motions of the ferrocene moieties. PS-b-PAEFc films were applied as electrochemically responsive heterogeneous catalysts based on the ferrocenium moieties for Michael addition reaction between methyl vinyl ketone and ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate (E2OC) in 0.1 M NaPF6/EtOH. The catalytic activities of thin films were similar regardless of fPAEFc, suggesting that the catalytic reaction took place for the reactants that could penetrate through the film and reach PAEFc microdomains communicable with the underlying electrode. Interestingly, the permeability of PS-b-PAEFc films provided a means to control the reaction selectivity, as suggested by negligible reaction of E2OC with trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Ghimire
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Herman Coceancigh
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
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Khan MSU, Janjua NK, Sabahat S, Akhter Z, Ullah M. Study on thermal, spectroscopic and electrochemical behavior of some ferrocene-containing organometallic polyesteramides and their siloxane-based block copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ghimire G, Yi Y, Derylo MA, Baker LA, Ito T. Electron Propagation within Redox-Active Microdomains in Thin Films of Ferrocene-Containing Diblock Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12307-12314. [PMID: 26485062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the electrochemical behavior of redox-active microdomains in thin films of ferrocene-containing diblock copolymers, polystyrene-block-poly(2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) (PS-b-PAEFc). PS-b-PAEFc with different PAEFc volume fractions (PS154-b-PAEFc51, PS154-b-PAEFc26, and PS154-b-PAEFc12, where the subscripts represent the polymerization degree of each block; f(PAEFc) = 0.47, 0.30, and 0.17, respectively) was synthesized by sequential atom transfer radical polymerization. PS-b-PAEFc films of controlled thicknesses (20-160 nm) were prepared on gold substrates via spin-coating and characterized by ellipsometry. Microdomains were observed via atomic force microscopy on the surfaces of PS154-b-PAEFc51 and PS154-b-PAEFc26 thin films but not on the surfaces of PS154-b-PAEFc12 thin films. Electrochemical behavior of films was assessed by cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry in acetonitrile solution. The redox potential of ferrocene moieties was similar (ca. + 0.29 V vs Fc(+)/Fc) regardless of fPAEFc and film thickness. For PS154-b-PAEFc51 and PS154-b-PAEFc26, thicker films afforded larger faradaic peak currents and exhibited diffusion-controlled voltammograms at faster sweep rates. PS154-b-PAEFc26 produced voltammograms less influenced by solvent-induced swelling than PS154-b-PAEFc51, reflecting the improved morphological stability of PAEFc microdomains by redox-inert PS frameworks. In contrast, PS154-b-PAEFc12 films yielded similar faradaic peak currents regardless of film thickness and exhibited voltammograms indicative of surface-confined species. These observations suggest that PS154-b-PAEFc51 and PS154-b-PAEFc26 films contain continuous PAEFc microdomains extending from the electrode to the surface, in contrast to the PS154-b-PAEFc12 films which contain isolated PAEFc microdomains buried within the PS matrix. Electron propagation took place only through PAEFc microdomains that could electrically communicate with the underlying electrode. Apparent diffusion coefficients within PAEFc microdomains were similar (≈ 2 × 10(-11) cm(2)/s) for PS154-b-PAEFc51 and PS154-b-PAEFc26. The relatively low efficiency in electron propagation was attributable to ineffective electron self-exchange reaction within the PAEFc microdomains and/or limited counterion migration through the acetonitrile-swollen microdomains. These results provide guidance in design of redox-active metalloblock copolymers for various applications, which include electrocatalysis, electrochemical mediation in enzyme sensors, and redox-controlled molecular deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Ghimire
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maksymilian A Derylo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
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Plamper FA. Changing Polymer Solvation by Electrochemical Means: Basics and Applications. POROUS CARBONS – HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS – POLYMER SOLVATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2014_284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Herrero M, Sevilla R, Casado CM, Losada J, Garcı́a-Armada P, Rodrı́guez-Diéguez A, Briones D, Alonso B. Synthesis and Electrochemistry of ((Diferrocenylsilyl)propyl)- and ((Triferrocenylsilyl)propyl)triethoxysilanes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herrero
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sevilla
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Casado
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - José Losada
- Departamento de Ingeniería
Quı́mica Industrial, Escuela Técnica
Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcı́a-Armada
- Departamento de Ingeniería
Quı́mica Industrial, Escuela Técnica
Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Briones
- Departamento de
Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071-Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Alonso
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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de la Cruz G, Schüle H, Losada J, García-Armada MP, Frey H, Alonso B, Casado CM. Electrocatalytic Properties of Carbosilane-Based Hyperbranched Polymers Functionalized with Interacting Ferrocenyl Units. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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New Carbosilane Polymers with Interacting Ferrocenes as Support and Bioelectrocatalysts of Oxidases to Develop Versatile and Specific Amperometric Biodevices. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1778-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Herrero M, Alonso B, Losada J, Garcı́a-Armada P, Casado CM. Ferrocenyl Dendrimers Based on Octasilsesquioxane Cores. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300591p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herrero
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Alonso
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - José Losada
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Quı́mica Industrial, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006-Madrid,
Spain
| | - Pilar Garcı́a-Armada
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Quı́mica Industrial, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006-Madrid,
Spain
| | - Carmen M. Casado
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid, Spain
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García Martínez M, Alonso B, Casado CM, Losada J, García Armada MP. Multioperational Oxidase Biosensors Based on Carbosilane Dendrimers with Interacting Ferrocenes. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Losada J, García-Armada P, Robles V, Martínez ÁM, Casado CM, Alonso B. Carbosilane based dendritic cores functionalized with interacting ferrocenyl units: synthesis and electrocatalytical properties. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20190e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Synthesis and study of copolymer of vinylferrocene, acrylamide and 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate as a polymeric mediator for electrochemical biosensors. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Safavi A, Moradlou O, Saadatifar M. Methylated Azopyridine as a New Electron Transfer Mediator for the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of NADH. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Meng X, Liu Y, Hou H, Fan Y. Syntheses, structures, and electrochemical properties of three complexes based on 5-ferrocenylpentanoic acid. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Wurm F, Villanueva FJL, Frey H. Ferrocenyl-functionalized long chain branched polydienes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mousty C, Forano C, Fleutot S, Dupin JC. Electrochemical Study of Anionic Ferrocene Derivatives Intercalated in Layered Double Hydroxides: Application to Glucose Amperometric Biosensors. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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