RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3-catalyzed arylation of aromatic esters using arylboronates via C–H bond cleavages

Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Arylation Using Organoboron Reagents

Aryl rings are ubiquitous in the core of numerous natural product and industrially important molecules and thus their facile synthesis is of major interest in the scientific community and industry. Although multiple strategies enable access to these skeletons, metal-catalyzed C–H activation is promising due to its remarkable efficiency. Commercially available organoboron reagents, a prominent arylating partner in the cross-coupling domain, have also been utilized for direct arylation. Organoborons are bench-stable, inexpensive, and readily available coupling partners that promise regioselectivity, chemodivergence, cost-efficiency, and atom-economy without requiring harsh and forcing conditions. This critical, short review presents a summary of all major studies of arylation using organoborons in transition-metal catalysis since 2005.

1 Introduction

2 Arylation without Directing Group Assistance

2.1 Palladium Catalysis

2.2 Iron Catalysis

2.3 Gold Catalysis

3 Arylation with Directing Group Assistance

3.1 Palladium Catalysis

3.2 Ruthenium Catalysis

3.3 Rhodium Catalysis

3.4 Nickel Catalysis

3.5 Cobalt Catalysis

3.6 Copper Catalysis

4 Conclusion

Efficient synthesis of 3,6,13,16-tetrasubstituted-tetrabenzo[a,d,j,m]coronenes by selective C-H/C-O arylations of anthraquinone derivatives

An efficient synthesis of tetrabenzo[a,d,j,m]coronene derivatives having alkyl and alkoxy substituents at the 3, 6, 13, and 16-positions was achieved based on the ruthenium-catalyzed coupling reactions of anthraquinone derivatives with arylboronates via C–H and C–O bond cleavage. The reaction sequence involving the arylation, carbonyl methylenation, and oxidative cyclization effectively provided various tetrabenzo[a,d,j,m]coronenes in short steps from readily available starting materials. Tetrabenzo[a,d,j,m]coronenes possessing two different types of substituents were obtained selectively by sequential chemoselective C–O arylation and C–H arylation. The ¹H NMR spectra of the tetrabenzo[a,d,j,m]coronene product indicated its self-assembling behavior in CDCl₃.

Selective Monoarylation of Aromatic Ketones via C-H Bond Cleavage by Trialkylphosphine Ruthenium Catalysts

A catalyst system consisting of RuHCl(CO)(PⁱPr₃)₂, CsF, and a styrene derivative was found to be applicable to selective monoarylation of aromatic ketones via ortho C-H bond cleavage. The reaction of 2'-methoxyacetophenone with arylboronates gave C-H arylation products without cleaving the ortho C-O bond. Acetophenone was also converted to monoarylation products with high selectivity. Cyclohexanone was found to be an effective solvent for the C-H arylation using the catalyst system.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Benzoic Acids and Indole Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Halides

Herein we report the first Ru-catalyzed C-H arylation of benzoic acids with readily available aryl (pseudo)halides. The reaction, which does not require the use of silver salt additives, allows the arylation of previously challenging hindered benzoic acids and the use of generally unreactive ortho-substituted halorarenes. Furthermore, our new protocol can efficiently be applied to indole carboxylic acids, thus allowing access to C7-, C6-, C5- and C4-arylated indole compounds, a departure from the classical enhanced reactivity of the C2 and C3 positions of indole.

Ester-directed Ru-catalyzed C–O activation/C–C coupling reaction of ortho-methoxy naphthoates with organoboroneopentylates

A new, catalytic and general synthetic methodology for the construction of biaryls and heterobiaryls by the cross-coupling of ortho-methoxy naphthoates with organoboroneopentylates is disclosed.

Ruthenium/base-catalyzed ortho-selective C–H arylation of acylarenes with halogenated arylboronates

Ruthenium-catalyzed ortho-selective C–H arylation of acylarenes with halogenated arylboronates was promoted by the catalytic amount of bases and provided desired halogenated biaryls in excellent yields under 0.2–1 mol% ruthenium catalyst loading.