Structural characterization of triorganotin(IV) complexes with sodium fusidate and DFT calculations

Tributyltin(IV) Butyrate: A Novel Epigenetic Modifier with ER Stress- and Apoptosis-Inducing Properties in Colon Cancer Cells

Organotin(IV) compounds are a class of non-platinum metallo-conjugates exhibiting antitumor activity. The effects of different organotin types has been related to several mechanisms, including their ability to modify acetylation protein status and to promote apoptosis. Here, we focus on triorganotin(IV) complexes of butyric acid, a well-known HDAC inhibitor with antitumor properties. The conjugated compounds were synthesized and characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, multi-nuclear (¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn) NMR, and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In the triorganotin(IV) complexes, an anionic monodentate butyrate ligand was observed, which coordinated the tin atom on a tetra-coordinated, monomeric environment similar to ester. FTIR and NMR findings confirm this structure both in solid state and solution. The antitumor efficacy of the triorganotin(IV) butyrates was tested in colon cancer cells and, among them, tributyltin(IV) butyrate (BT2) was selected as the most efficacious. BT2 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, ER stress, and apoptotic cell death. These effects were obtained using low concentrations of BT2 up to 1 μM, whereas butyric acid alone was completely inefficacious, and the parent compound TBT was poorly effective at the same treatment conditions. To assess whether butyrate in the coordinated form maintains its epigenetic effects, histone acetylation was evaluated and a dramatic decrease in acetyl-H3 and -H4 histones was found. In contrast, butyrate alone stimulated histone acetylation at a higher concentration (5 mM). BT2 was also capable of preventing histone acetylation induced by SAHA, another potent HDAC inhibitor, thus suggesting that it may activate HDACs. These results support a potential use of BT2, a novel epigenetic modulator, in colon cancer treatment.

Theoretical studies of organotin(IV) complexes derived from ONO-donor type schiff base ligands

In this work a molecular modeling study was carried out based on a series of organotin(IV) derivatives which were complexed with ONO-Donor type Schiff base ligands to build up a statistical data pool for researchers. For this purpose, various properties of the selected complexes such as energies, band gaps, chemical reactivity descriptors, polarizabilities, geometric parameters, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR chemical shifting values were obtained through density functional theory using B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, TPSSTPSS, TPSSh, HCTH, wB97XD, and MN12SX functionals. Empirical dispersion corrections were incorporated for some functionals and solvent effects were also taken into account through applying polarizable continuum model (PCM). (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR chemical shifts were calculated via linear regression analysis using either gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) or continuous set of gauge transformations (CSGT) methods. While structural properties were being explored, quantitative effects of utilized functionals and empirical dispersion corrections over calculated properties were shown in detail.