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Mujawar T, Sevelda P, Madea D, Klán P, Švenda J. A Platform for the Synthesis of Oxidation Products of Bilirubin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1603-1611. [PMID: 38165253 PMCID: PMC10797625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bilirubin is the principal product of heme catabolism. High concentrations of the pigment are neurotoxic, yet slightly elevated levels are beneficial. Being a potent antioxidant, oxidative transformations of bilirubin occur in vivo and lead to various oxidized fragments. The mechanisms of their formation, intrinsic biological activities, and potential roles in human pathophysiology are poorly understood. Degradation methods have been used to obtain samples of bilirubin oxidation products for research. Here, we report a complementary, fully synthetic method of preparation. Our strategy leverages repeating substitution patterns in the parent tetracyclic pigment. Functionalized ready-to-couple γ-lactone, γ-lactam, and pyrrole monocyclic building blocks were designed and efficiently synthesized. Subsequent modular combinations, supported by metal-catalyzed borylation and cross-coupling chemistries, translated into the concise assembly of the structurally diverse bilirubin oxidation products (BOXes, propentdyopents, and biopyrrins). The discovery of a new photoisomer of biopyrrin A named lumipyrrin is reported. Synthetic bilirubin oxidation products made available in sufficient purity and quantity will support future in vitro and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiqueahmed Mujawar
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sevelda
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Madea
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
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2
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Liu X, Astruc D. Development of the Applications of Palladium on Charcoal in Organic Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials; China Three Gorges University, Yichang; Hubei 443002 People's Republic of China
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255; Université de Bordeaux; 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
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3
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Seo S, Willis MC. A Copper(I)-Catalyzed Addition/Annulation Sequence for the Two-Component Synthesis of γ-Ylidenebutenolides. Org Lett 2017; 19:4556-4559. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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4
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Yang BW, Ho SL, Lim HJ, Cho CS. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of 2-(2-bromovinyl)benzimidazoles leading to pyrrolone-fused benzimidazoles. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Ho SL, Yoon IC, Cho CS, Choi HJ. A recyclable metal-organic framework MOF-199 catalyst in coupling and cyclization of β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with terminal alkynes leading to alkylidenefuranones. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Jiao Y, Cho CS. Microwave-assisted copper powder-catalyzed coupling and cyclization of β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated amides with amidine hydrochlorides leading to pyrimidinones. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
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7
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Yoon IC, Cho CS. Palladium-catalyzed three-component cyclization of 2-bromocyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acids with carbon monoxide and arylhydrazines leading to 2-anilinohydroisoindoline-1,3-diones. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il Chul Yoon
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
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8
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9
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Sridharan V, Fan L, Takizawa S, Suzuki T, Sasai H. Pd(II)-SDP-catalyzed enantioselective 5-exo-dig cyclization of γ-alkynoic acids: application to the synthesis of functionalized dihydofuran-2(3H)-ones containing a chiral quaternary carbon center. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:5936-43. [PMID: 23903490 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pd(II)-SDP-catalyzed first enantioselective intramolecular cyclization of α,α-disubstituted γ-alkynoic acids is described. This 5-exo-dig cyclization afforded dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones bearing a chiral quaternary carbon center in excellent yields with enantioselectivities up to 71%. A mechanism involving palladium(II) species is proposed to rationalize the outcome of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellaisamy Sridharan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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10
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Bae YK, Cho CS. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with 2,2-dimethylhydrazine leading to 1-(dimethylamino)-1H
-pyrrole-2,5-diones. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kyu Bae
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
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11
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Bae YK, Cho CS, Yoon NS. Palladium-catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of 2-Bromocyclohex-1-enecarbaldehydes with Aliphatic Primary Amines Leading to 3-Aminohydroisoindol-1-ones. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.9.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Ho SL, Cho CS. Ligand-free CuI-catalyzed coupling and cyclization of β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated amides with formamide leading to pyrimidinones. Appl Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Son Long Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
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13
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Son JI, Cho CS, Choi HJ. CuI/amino acid-catalyzed coupling and cyclization of β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated amides with terminal alkynes leading to (3Z)-3-alkylidenepyrrol-1-ones. Appl Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ik Son
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; 702-701; South Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; 702-701; South Korea
| | - Heung-Jin Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; 702-701; South Korea
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14
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Ho SL, Cho CS, Choi HJ, Sohn HS. CuI/amino acid catalysis in coupling and cyclization of β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with terminal alkynes leading to alkylidenefuranones. Appl Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Son Long Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Heung-Jin Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Ho-Sang Sohn
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
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15
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Lee HK, Cho CS. Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated ketones with arylhydrazines leading to 3-substituted 1-aryl-1 H
-pyrazoles. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
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16
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Cho CS, Son JI, Yoon NS. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of 1-bromoallyl bromides with anilines leading to 1-aryl-1H
-pyrrol-2(5H
)-ones. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Jong Ik Son
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
| | - Nam Sik Yoon
- Department of Textile System Engineering; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 South Korea
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17
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Lee HK, Cho CS. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of 3-bromoallyl alcohols leading to furan-2(5H)-ones. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; 702-701; South Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; 702-701; South Korea
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18
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Lee HK, Cho CS. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with primary amines leading to N-alkylmaleimides. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; 702-701; South Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; 702-701; South Korea
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