Fluorene-based stannylated polymers and their use as recyclable reagents in the Stille reaction

Polyphosphazenes for the Stille reaction: a new type of recyclable stannyl reagent

A random phosphazene copolymer {[N = P((CH2)7-Br)Ph]0.5[N = PMePh]0.5}n (2) and a block copolyphosphazene {[N = P((CH2)7-Br)Ph]0.5[N = PMePh]0.5}45-b-[N = P(O2C12H8)]55 (5), having a branch with two randomly distributed units, have been synthesized and used as precursors for the stannyl derivatives {[N = P((CH2)7-SnBu2An)Ph]0.5[N = PMePh]0.5}n (3) and {[N = P((CH2)7-SnBu2An)Ph]0.5[N = PMePh]0.5}45-b-[N = P(O2C12H8)]55 (6, An = p-MeOC6H4). Polymers 3 and 6 were tested as recyclable tin reagents in the Stille cross-coupling reaction with ArI, using various Pd catalysts and different experimental conditions. Polymer 6 can be recycled without a significant release of tin, but its efficiency decreased after three consecutive cycles. This effect was explained by studying the self-assembly of the polymer under the same conditions used for the catalytic experiments, which evidenced the progressive coalescence of the polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) leading to stable and bigger core-shell aggregates by the attraction of the [N = P(O2C12H8)] rich membranes, thus decreasing the accessibility of the tin active centers.

Poly(ω-bromoalkylnorbornenes-co-norbornene) by ROMP-hydrogenation: a robust support amenable to post-polymerization functionalization

The new polymers described have a saturated backbone and a bromo-substituent as the entry point to other functional groups of choice.