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Jeddi N, Scott NWJ, Tanner T, Beaumont SK, Fairlamb IJS. Evidence for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings catalyzed by ligated Pd 3-clusters: from cradle to grave. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2763-2777. [PMID: 38404373 PMCID: PMC10882490 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06447f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pdn clusters offer unique selectivity and exploitable reactivity in catalysis. Understanding the behavior of Pdn clusters is thus critical for catalysis, applied synthetic organic chemistry and greener outcomes for precious Pd. The Pd3 cluster, [Pd3(μ-Cl)(μ-PPh2)2(PPh3)3][Cl] (denoted as Pd3Cl2), which exhibits distinctive reactivity, was synthesized and immobilized on a phosphine-functionalized polystyrene resin (denoted as immob-Pd3Cl2). The resultant material served as a tool to study closely the role of Pd3 clusters in a prototypical Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 4-fluoro-1-bromobenzene and 4-methoxyphenyl boronic acid at varying low Pd ppm concentrations (24, 45, and 68 ppm). Advanced heterogeneity tests such as Hg poisoning and the three-phase test showed that leached mononuclear or nanoparticulate Pd are unlikely to be the major active catalyst species under the reaction conditions tested. EXAFS/XANES analysis from (pre)catalyst and filtered catalysts during and after catalysis has shown the intactness of the triangular structure of the Pd3X2 cluster, with exchange of chloride (X) by bromide during catalytic turnover of bromoarene substrate. This finding is further corroborated by treatment of immob-Pd3Cl2 after catalyzing the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction with excess PPh3, which releases the cluster from the polymer support and so permits direct observation of [Pd3(μ-Br)(μ-PPh2)2(PPh3)3]+ ions by ESI-MS. No evidence is seen for a proposed intermediate in which the bridging halogen on the Pd3 motif is replaced by an aryl group from the organoboronic acid, i.e. formed by a transmetallation-first process. Our findings taken together indicate that the 'Pd3X2' motif is an active catalyst species, which is stabilized by being immobilized, providing a more robust Pd3 cluster catalyst system. Non-immobilized Pd3Cl2 is less stable, as is followed by stepwise XAFS of the non-immobilized Pd3Cl2, which gradually changes to a species consistent with 'Pdx(PPh3)y' type material. Our findings have far-reaching future implications for Pd3 cluster involvement in catalysis, showing that immobilization of Pd3 cluster species offers advantages for rigorous mechanistic examination and applied chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Jeddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York York YO20 5DD UK
| | - Neil W J Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of York York YO20 5DD UK
| | - Theo Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of York York YO20 5DD UK
| | - Simon K Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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2
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Kiss L, Pop A, Shova S, Raț CI, Silvestru C. Synthesis and characterization of [4‐{(CH
2
O)
2
CH}C
6
H
4
]
2
Hg, [4‐(O=CH)C
6
H
4
]
2
Hg and [(
E
)‐4‐(RN=CH)C
6
H
4
]
2
Hg (R = 2′‐py, 4′‐py, 2′‐pyCH
2
, 4′‐pyCH
2
). Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levente Kiss
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Babeș‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Babeș‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Department of Inorganic Polymers Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni” Iași Romania
| | - Ciprian I. Raț
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Babeș‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Cristian Silvestru
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Babeș‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
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3
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Yanagisawa C, Yamazoe S, Sunada Y. Silylene‐Bridged Tetranuclear Palladium Cluster as a Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Yanagisawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Meguro-ku Komaba, Tokyo Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Meguro-ku Komaba, Tokyo Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Meguro-ku Komaba, Tokyo Japan
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4
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Gorunova ON, Novitskiy IM, Grishin YK, Gloriozov IP, Roznyatovsky V, Khrustalev VN, Kochetkov KA, Dunina VV. The use of control experiments as the sole route to correct the mechanistic interpretation of mercury poisoning test results: The case of P,C-palladacycle-catalysed reactions. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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5
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Chernyshev VM, Astakhov AV, Chikunov IE, Tyurin RV, Eremin DB, Ranny GS, Khrustalev VN, Ananikov VP. Pd and Pt Catalyst Poisoning in the Study of Reaction Mechanisms: What Does the Mercury Test Mean for Catalysis? ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Ilya E. Chikunov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Roman V. Tyurin
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Eremin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gleb S. Ranny
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Acad. Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklay St. 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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Gorunova ON, Novitskiy IM, Grishin YK, Gloriozov IP, Roznyatovsky VA, Khrustalev VN, Kochetkov KA, Dunina VV. When Applying the Mercury Poisoning Test to Palladacycle-Catalyzed Reactions, One Should Not Consider the Common Misconception of Mercury(0) Selectivity. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga N. Gorunova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciencies, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan M. Novitskiy
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri K. Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor P. Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaly A. Roznyatovsky
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklay Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
- National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Acad. Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Kochetkov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciencies, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V. Dunina
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Astarloa I, SanMartin R, Herrero MT, Domínguez E. Aqueous α-Arylation of Mono- and Diarylethanone Enolates at Low Catalyst Loading. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Astarloa
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Sarriena auzoa; z/g 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Raul SanMartin
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Sarriena auzoa; z/g 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - María Teresa Herrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Sarriena auzoa; z/g 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Esther Domínguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Sarriena auzoa; z/g 48940 Leioa Spain
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Gorunova ON, Grishin YK, Ilyin MM, Kochetkov KA, Churakov AV, Kuz´mina LG, Dunina VV. Enantioselective catalysis of Suzuki reaction with planar-chiral CN-palladacycles: competition of two catalytic cycles. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Braun C, Spuling E, Heine NB, Cakici M, Nieger M, Bräse S. Efficient Modular Synthesis of Isomeric Mono- and Bispyridyl[2.2]paracyclophanes by Palladium-Catalyzed Cross- Coupling Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Drost RM, Rosar V, Marta SD, Lutz M, Demitri N, Milani B, de Bruin B, Elsevier CJ. Pd-CatalyzedZ-Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes: Determining the Type of Active Species. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Conde N, Churruca F, SanMartin R, Herrero MT, Domínguez E. A Further Decrease in the Catalyst Loading for the Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Intramolecular Arylation of Amides and Sulfonamides. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201401129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Schaarschmidt D, Grumbt M, Hildebrandt A, Lang H. A Planar-Chiral Phosphino(alkenyl)ferrocene for Suzuki-Miyaura C-C Coupling Reactions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Phosphine mono- and bis-ylide palladacycles as homogeneous molecular precatalysts: Simple and efficient protocol greatly facilitate Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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See Leng Yap J, Chen HJ, Li Y, Pullarkat SA, Leung PH. Synthesis, Optical Resolution, and Stereochemical Properties of a Rationally Designed Chiral C–N Palladacycle. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om401044z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette See Leng Yap
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Houguang Jeremy Chen
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sumod A. Pullarkat
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Pak-Hing Leung
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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15
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Palladium(II) complex of an organotellurium ligand as a catalyst for Suzuki Miyaura coupling: Generation and role of nano-sized Pd3Te2. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Glover JE, Plieger PG, Rowlands GJ. An Enantiomerically Pure Pyridine NC-Palladacycle Derived from [2.2]Paracyclophane. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An enantiomerically pure planar chiral pyridine-based palladacycle was prepared from [2.2]paracyclophane in just four steps. The palladacycle shows potential in catalysis, mediating the Suzuki coupling of an aryl chloride. It also permits the ortho bromination of [2.2]paracyclophane, a reaction that can be hard to achieve selectively.
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17
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Kumar A, Rao GK, Kumar S, Singh AK. Formation and Role of Palladium Chalcogenide and Other Species in Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck C–C Coupling Reactions Catalyzed with Palladium(II) Complexes of Organochalcogen Ligands: Realities and Speculations. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4007196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Gyandshwar Kumar Rao
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ajai K. Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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