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Rashamuse TJ, Mohlala RL, Coyanis EM, Magwa NP. A Review: Blue Fluorescent Zinc (II) Complexes for OLEDs-A Last Five-Year Recap. Molecules 2023; 28:5272. [PMID: 37446930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue emissions in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are essential for their application in solid-state lighting and full-colour flat panel displays. On the other hand, high-power blue emitters are still uncommon, especially those that can achieve the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE, X, Y) coordinates of (0.14, 0.08) in the National Television System Committee (NTSC) blue standard and have high external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of more than 5% because their molecular design presents an enormous challenge. Therefore, creating effective, stable, pure, and deep blue fluorescent materials is vital. Here, it is addressed how useful blue fluorescent Zn (II) complexes are for making organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Utilizing Zn (II) complexes is appealing because of their favourable luminous characteristics, acceptance and mobility, and affordability. This mini-review article aims to provide an overview of Zn (II) complexes that emit blue fluorescent light and have been reported since 2018, while highlighting the unique qualities that make them appropriate OLED materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thompho Jason Rashamuse
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Reagan Lehlogonolo Mohlala
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Elena Mabel Coyanis
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Nomampondo Penelope Magwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
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Tupaeva IO, Demidov OP, Vetrova EV, Gusakov EA, Krasnikova TA, Popov LD, Zubenko AA, Fetisov LN, Sayapin YA, Metelitsa AV, Minkin VI. Synthesis, molecular structure and biological activity of Niii complexes based on substituted 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barwiolek M, Jankowska D, Chorobinski M, Kaczmarek-Kędziera A, Łakomska I, Wojtulewski S, Muzioł TM. New dinuclear zinc(ii) complexes with Schiff bases obtained from o-phenylenediamine and their application as fluorescent materials in spin coating deposition. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24515-24525. [PMID: 35481006 PMCID: PMC9036901 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Zn(ii) complexes, K1 and K2, obtained from the template reaction of zinc(ii) acetate dihydrate with o-phenylenediamine and 2-hydroxy-5-methylisophthalaldehyde (K1) or 2-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxaldehyde (K2), respectively, were characterized by X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic (UV-vis, fluorescence and IR), and thermal methods. In the complex [Zn2(MeO)1.4(OH)0.6(L1)]·2H2O K1, there are two binding sites in the macrocyclic ligand and they are occupied by zinc(ii) cations found in slightly distorted square pyramidal environment. The zinc(ii) cations are connected by slightly asymmetric oxo bridges with a Zn1–O14–Zn1[−x, −y + 1, −z + 1] angle of 104.8(2)°. In the dimer [Zn2(CH3COO)2(L2)]·2EtOH K2, there are two crystallographically independent binding sites both occupied by zinc(ii) cations. There is a significant difference between both complexes, since in K1 only one site is independent and the second is occupied due to the application of symmetry rules, and the geometry of both sites is identical. Thin layers of the obtained Zn(ii) complexes were deposited on Si(111) by the spin coating method and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fluorescence spectroscopy and ellipsometry. In the non-absorbing range, the value of the refractive index exhibits normal dispersion between 1.8 and 2.1 for K1_1–K1_3; and between 2.3 and 2.6 for the K2 series of samples established for long wavelengths (longer than 500 nm). The Zn(ii) complexes and their thin layers exhibited fluorescence between 534–573 nm and 495–572 nm for the compounds and the layers, respectively. The highest quantum yield of fluorescence was achieved for K2 in benzene and in the solid state ϕ = 0.78 and 0.58, respectively. The influence of the solvent polarity on the fluorescence properties of the obtained complexes was studied. Additionally, DFT calculations were performed to explain the structures and electronic spectral properties of the complexes. Tin fluorescent materials were obtained using a spin coating method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Barwiolek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Dominika Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Mateusz Chorobinski
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, UTP University of Science and Technology 85-796 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | | | - Iwona Łakomska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Slawomir Wojtulewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok Ciolkowskiego 1K Białystok 15-245 Poland
| | - Tadeusz M Muzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun 87-100 Torun Poland
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Fu G, He Y, Li W, Miao T, Lü X, He H, Liu L, Wong WY. Efficient white polymer light-emitting diodes (WPLEDs) based on covalent-grafting of [Zn2(MP)3(OAc)] into PVK. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2640-2646. [PMID: 34084322 PMCID: PMC8157705 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the straightforward white light of single grafting-type polymers based on earth-abundant Zn(ii)-complexes, producing cost-effective flexible WOLEDs/WPLEDs with good device performance remains a formidable challenge. Herein, by using the polymer Poly(NVK-co-[Zn2(MP)3(OAc)]) with excellent physical properties for single-layer WPLEDs, record-high efficiencies (η Max c = 13.0 cd A-1, η Max p = 6.1 lm W-1 and η Max EQE = 9.2%) and low (ca. 25%) efficiency roll-off compared to previous organo-Zn2+-based WOLEDs/WPLEDs are realized. This finding renders single Zn(ii)-complex-grafted polymers a new route to low-cost and large-area flexible WPLEDs for potential full-colour flat displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Yani He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Wentao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Tiezheng Miao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Xingqiang Lü
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Hongshan He
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 USA
| | - Li Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong China
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Solanki J, Surati K. Heteroleptic Zn(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photoluminescence Properties. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:865-875. [PMID: 31325009 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic Zn (II) complexes containing 8-hydroxy quinoline as preliminary ligand and pyrazolone based derivatives as secondary ligand were synthesized and their structures confirmed by NMR, Mass, FT-IR, UV-vis and Elemental analysis. Theses complexes show good photoluminescence properties in solid and solution state in the range of 505-544 nm with quantum yield 0.38 to 0.50. Whereas these complexes also show good life time in the range of 0.037 to 0.043 ms. These complexes show shift in the range of 25-30 nm. in different polar and nonpolar solvents due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The bandgap of these complexes is around ~2.60 eV. Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of all complexes are determine by cyclic voltammetry it obtained in the range of and ~ (-5.29 eV) and ~(-2.69 eV). The energy band gap, frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) energy levels and geometrical structures were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-31G* basic set on Spartan'18 software. All complexes displayed high thermal stability. Graphical Abstract Donor-Bridge- Accepter (D-B-A) based Heteroleptic Zn(II) complexes for OLEDs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydip Solanki
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, 388120, India
| | - Kiran Surati
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, 388120, India.
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Cibian M, Shahalizad A, Souissi F, Castro J, Ferreira JG, Chartrand D, Nunzi JM, Hanan GS. A Zinc(II) Benzamidinate N
-Oxide Complex as an Aggregation-Induced Emission Material: toward Solution-Processable White Organic Light-Emitting Devices. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihela Cibian
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; 2900 Edouard-Montpetit H3T-1J4 Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Afshin Shahalizad
- Department of Physics; Engineering Physics and Astronomy; Queen's University; K7L 3N6 Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Fathi Souissi
- Department of Physics; Engineering Physics and Astronomy; Queen's University; K7L 3N6 Kingston Ontario Canada
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energies (LaNSER); Center for Research and Technologies of the Energy Technopole; 2050 Borj Cedria, Bp 95 Tunisia
| | - Jessica Castro
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; 2900 Edouard-Montpetit H3T-1J4 Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Janaina G. Ferreira
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; 2900 Edouard-Montpetit H3T-1J4 Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Daniel Chartrand
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; 2900 Edouard-Montpetit H3T-1J4 Montréal Québec Canada
- LAMP - Laboratoire d'Analyse pour les Molécules et Matériaux Photoactifs - Laboratory for the Analysis of Molecules' and Materials' Photoactivity; Université de Montréal; Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Nunzi
- Department of Physics; Engineering Physics and Astronomy; Queen's University; K7L 3N6 Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Garry S. Hanan
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; 2900 Edouard-Montpetit H3T-1J4 Montréal Québec Canada
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Bizzarri C, Spuling E, Knoll DM, Volz D, Bräse S. Sustainable metal complexes for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhao J, Dang F, Liu B, Wu Y, Yang X, Zhou G, Wu Z, Wong WY. Bis-Zn II salphen complexes bearing pyridyl functionalized ligands for efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Dalton Trans 2018; 46:6098-6110. [PMID: 28436501 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the emissive features of ZnII complexes based on bis-Schiff base ligands, bis-ZnII salphen complexes bearing pyridyl functionalized ligands have been successfully synthesized. Their photophysical features, electrochemical behavior and electroluminescent (EL) properties have been investigated in detail. The functionalized bis-ZnII salphen complexes can exhibit high thermal stability up to 417 °C, and their photoluminescence (PL) spectra show a maximal emission wavelength peak at ca. 565 nm both in solution and PMMA doped films. The PL investigation of the neat films for these functionalized bis-ZnII salphen complexes indicated that the pyridyl functionalized ligands can effectively reduce the degree of molecular aggregation to enhance their emission intensity. Taking advantage of the charge carrier injection/transporting ability of the pyridyl functionalized ligands and their dendritic design, the optimized EL devices fabricated by a simple solution-processing method can achieve a peak luminance (Lmax) of 3589 cd m-2, a maximal external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 1.46%, a maximal current efficiency (ηL) of 4.1 cd A-1 and a maximal power efficiency (ηp) of 3.8 lm W-1. These results should afford important instructions for exploiting high performance fluorescent emitters based on dinuclear ZnII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
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Synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of luminescent zinc and cadmium complexes containing 2-pyridyl-substituted pyrrolo[2,3- b ]quinoxaline. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Influence of methyl group position in bipyridine ligand on structure and luminescence of related zinc(II) nitrate complexes. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Baryshnikova AT, Minaev BF, Baryshnikov GV, Sun WH. Structure and spectral and luminescence properties of the trinuclear zinc complex with (E)-5-((2,6-diethylphenylimino)methyl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol: Experimental and DFT study. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023615120050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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