1
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Luo Y, Yao J, He Y, Xu C, Liu D. Nickel-catalysed reductive C-N bond cross-coupling between aryl halides and N-chloroamides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6955-6959. [PMID: 39135428 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00970c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
A method for the direct synthesis of N-aryl lactams and amides with aryl halides and N-chloroamides through a Ni-catalyzed reductive C-N coupling reaction has been developed. The reaction features the advantages of mild conditions, good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope including drug-derived substrates, and also provided direct access to the key synthetic intermediates for some bioactive molecules, suggesting the practicability of this method. Finally, DFT calculations were performed to shed further light on the reaction mechanism and it was found that an amidyl radical might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Jiacan Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Yunzhi He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
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2
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Michel NWM, Gabbey AL, Edjoc RK, Fagbola E, Hughes JME, Campeau LC, Rousseaux SAL. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Redox Active Esters for the Synthesis of α-Aryl Nitriles: Investigation of a Chlorosilane Additive. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38197128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of redox active N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters and iodoarenes for the synthesis of α-aryl nitriles is described. The NHP ester substrate is derived from cyanoacetic acid, which allows for a modular synthesis of substituted α-aryl nitriles, an important scaffold in the pharmaceutical sciences. The reaction exhibits a broad scope, and many functional groups are compatible under the reaction conditions, including complex highly functionalized medicinal agents. Mechanistic studies reveal that reduction and decarboxylation of the NHP ester to the reactive radical intermediate are accomplished by a combination of a chlorosilane additive and Zn dust. We demonstrate that stoichiometric chlorosilane is essential for product formation and that chlorosilane plays a role beyond activation of the metal reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W M Michel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Racquel K Edjoc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Fagbola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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3
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Yus M, Nájera C, Foubelo F, Sansano JM. Metal-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Transformations. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11817-11893. [PMID: 37793021 PMCID: PMC10603790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Enantioconvergent catalysis has expanded asymmetric synthesis to new methodologies able to convert racemic compounds into a single enantiomer. This review covers recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed transformations, such as radical-based cross-coupling of racemic alkyl electrophiles with nucleophiles or racemic alkylmetals with electrophiles and reductive cross-coupling of two electrophiles mainly under Ni/bis(oxazoline) catalysis. C-H functionalization of racemic electrophiles or nucleophiles can be performed in an enantioconvergent manner. Hydroalkylation of alkenes, allenes, and acetylenes is an alternative to cross-coupling reactions. Hydrogen autotransfer has been applied to amination of racemic alcohols and C-C bond forming reactions (Guerbet reaction). Other metal-catalyzed reactions involve addition of racemic allylic systems to carbonyl compounds, propargylation of alcohols and phenols, amination of racemic 3-bromooxindoles, allenylation of carbonyl compounds with racemic allenolates or propargyl bromides, and hydroxylation of racemic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Yus
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis
Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. Sansano
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis
Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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4
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Huang C, Wu D, Li Y, Yin G. Asymmetric anti-Selective Borylalkylation of Terminal Alkynes by Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18722-18730. [PMID: 37582178 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Selective transformation of alkyne triple bonds to double bonds serves as an efficient platform to construct substituted alkenes. While significant advances have been made in its spatiotemporal regulation, achieving a multicomponent enantioselective reaction that requires multifaceted selectivity issues to be overcome is still uncommon. Here, we report an unprecedented asymmetric anti-stereoselective borylcarbofunctionalization of terminal alkynes by nickel catalysis. The utilization of an inexpensive chiral diamine ligand enables the three-component cross-coupling of terminal alkynes, a diboron reagent, and prochiral alkyl electrophiles with high levels of regio-, stereo-, and enantioselectivities. This reaction provides an efficient protocol to access enantioenriched alkenyl esters bearing an α-stereogenic center, is remarkably practical, and has a broad scope and an outstanding functional group compatibility. In addition, the value of this method has been highlighted in a diversity of follow-up stereoretentive derivatizations and the stereoselective concise synthesis of complex drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmi Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
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5
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Duan A, Xiao F, Lan Y, Niu L. Mechanistic views and computational studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9986-10015. [PMID: 36374254 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions have been considered as a powerful tool to convert two electrophiles into value-added products. Numerous related reports have shown the fascinating potential. Mechanistic studies, especially theoretical studies, can provide important implications for the design of novel reductive coupling reactions. In this review, we summarize the representative advancements in theoretical studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions and systematically elaborate the mechanisms for the key steps of reductive coupling reactions. The activation modes of electrophiles and the deep insights of selectivity generation are mechanistically discussed. In addition, the mechanism of the reduction of high-oxidation-state catalysts and further construction of new chemical bonds are also described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fengjiao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Linbin Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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6
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Ren Q, Zhang D, Zhou G. DFT studies on the mechanisms of nickel-catalyzed reductive-coupling cyanation of aryl bromide. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Zhu Z, Lin L, Xiao J, Shi Z. Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereo‐ and Enantioselective Cross‐Coupling of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes with Carbon Electrophiles by C−F Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jieshuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
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8
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Xi L, Du L, Shi Z. Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of polyfluoroarenes with alkyl electrophiles by site-selective C–F bond activation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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10
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Zhu Z, Lin L, Xiao J, Shi Z. Nickel-Catalyzed Stereo- and Enantioselective Cross-Coupling of gem-Difluoroalkenes with Carbon Electrophiles by C-F Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113209. [PMID: 34889493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stereo- and enantioselective cross-electrophile coupling involving C-F bond activation is reported. Treatment of gem-difluoroalkenes with racemic benzyl electrophiles in the presence of a chiral nickel complex using B2 pin2 as a stoichiometric reductant allows the construction of a C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) bond under mild conditions, affording a broad range of monofluoroalkenes bearing stereogenic allylic centers. Initial mechanistic studies indicate that a radical chain pathway may be operating, wherein the ester group in the gem-difluoroalkene promotes C-F bond activation through oxidative addition to a Ni species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jieshuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
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11
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Ren Q, Zhang D, Zheng L. DFT studies on the mechanisms of enantioselective Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions to form 1,1-diarylalkanes. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Wang D, XU T. A Pivotal Role of Chloride Ion on Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling to Perfluoroalkylated Boronate Esters. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tao XU
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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13
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Dumas A, Garsi JB, Poissonnet G, Hanessian S. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive and Merged Photocatalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions toward sp 3/sp 2-Functionalized Isoquinolones: Creating Diversity at C-6 and C-7 to Address Bioactive Analogues. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27591-27606. [PMID: 33134723 PMCID: PMC7594327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring isoquinolones have gained considerable attention over the years for their bioactive properties. While the late-stage introduction of various functionalities at certain positions, namely, C-3, C-4, and C-8, has been widely documented, the straightforward introduction of challenging sp3 carbon-linked acyclic aminoalkyl or aza- and oxacyclic appendages at C-6 and C-7 remains largely underexplored. Interest in 6-substituted azacyclic analogues has recently garnered attention in connection with derivatives exhibiting anticancer activity. Reported here is the first application of the versatile and recently emerging field of Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reactions to the synthesis of 6- and 7- hetero(cyclo)alkyl-substituted isoquinolones. In a second and complementary approach, a new set of C-6- and C-7-substituted positional isomers of hetero(cyclo)alkyl appendages were obtained from the merging of photocatalytic and Ni-catalyzed coupling reactions. In both cases, 6- and 7-bromo isoquinolones served as dual-purpose reacting partners with readily available tosylates and carboxylic acids, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Dumas
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Jean-Baptiste Garsi
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Guillaume Poissonnet
- CentEX
Chemistry, Institut de Recherches Servier, 11 rue des Moulineaux, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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14
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Abstract
The mechanism studies of transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions
investigated using Density Functional Theory calculations in the recent ten years have been
reviewed. This review introduces the computational mechanism studies of Ni-, Pd-, Cu- and
some other metals (Rh, Ti and Zr)-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions and presents the
methodology used in these computational mechanism studies. The mechanisms of the transition-
metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions normally include three main steps: oxidative
addition; transmetalation; and reductive elimination or four main steps: the first oxidative
addition; reduction; the second oxidative addition; and reductive elimination. The ratelimiting
step is most likely the final reductive elimination step in the whole mechanism.
Currently, the B3LYP method used in DFT calculations is the most popular choice in the structural geometry
optimizations and the M06 method is often used to carry out single-point calculations to refine the energy values.
We hope that this review will stimulate more and more experimental and computational combinations and the
computational chemistry will significantly contribute to the development of future organic synthesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qinghua Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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15
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Poremba KE, Dibrell SE, Reisman SE. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2020; 10:8237-8246. [PMID: 32905517 PMCID: PMC7470226 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reactions have emerged as powerful methods to join two electrophiles. These reactions have proven particularly useful for the coupling of sec-alkyl electrophiles to form stereogenic centers; however, the development of enantioselective variants remains challenging. In this Perspective, we summarize the progress that has been made toward Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Poremba
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sara E. Dibrell
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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16
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Ni S, Padial NM, Kingston C, Vantourout JC, Schmitt DC, Edwards JT, Kruszyk MM, Merchant RR, Mykhailiuk PK, Sanchez BB, Yang S, Perry MA, Gallego GM, Mousseau JJ, Collins MR, Cherney RJ, Lebed PS, Chen JS, Qin T, Baran PS. A Radical Approach to Anionic Chemistry: Synthesis of Ketones, Alcohols, and Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6726-6739. [PMID: 30943023 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically accessed through two-electron, anionic chemistry, ketones, alcohols, and amines are of foundational importance to the practice of organic synthesis. After placing this work in proper historical context, this Article reports the development, full scope, and a mechanistic picture for a strikingly different way of forging such functional groups. Thus, carboxylic acids, once converted to redox-active esters (RAEs), can be utilized as formally nucleophilic coupling partners with other carboxylic derivatives (to produce ketones), imines (to produce benzylic amines), or aldehydes (to produce alcohols). The reactions are uniformly mild, operationally simple, and, in the case of ketone synthesis, broad in scope (including several applications to the simplification of synthetic problems and to parallel synthesis). Finally, an extensive mechanistic study of the ketone synthesis is performed to trace the elementary steps of the catalytic cycle and provide the end-user with a clear and understandable rationale for the selectivity, role of additives, and underlying driving forces involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Ni
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Natalia M Padial
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Cian Kingston
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Julien C Vantourout
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Daniel C Schmitt
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Jacob T Edwards
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Monika M Kruszyk
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , 02094 Kyiv , Ukraine.,Chemistry Department , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska 64 , 01601 Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Brittany B Sanchez
- Automated Synthesis Facility , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Shouliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry , La Jolla Laboratories , Pfizer 10770 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Matthew A Perry
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Gary M Gallego
- Department of Chemistry , La Jolla Laboratories , Pfizer 10770 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Michael R Collins
- Department of Chemistry , La Jolla Laboratories , Pfizer 10770 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Robert J Cherney
- Research & Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Rt. 206 & Province Line Road , Princeton , New Jersey 08543 , United States
| | - Pavlo S Lebed
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , 02094 Kyiv , Ukraine.,ChemBioCenter , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska 64 , 01601 Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Jason S Chen
- Automated Synthesis Facility , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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17
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Sheng J, Ni HQ, Zhang HR, Zhang KF, Wang YN, Wang XS. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides with Monofluoroalkyl Halides for Late-Stage Monofluoroalkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hui-Qi Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Kai-Fan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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18
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Sheng J, Ni HQ, Zhang HR, Zhang KF, Wang YN, Wang XS. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides with Monofluoroalkyl Halides for Late-Stage Monofluoroalkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7634-7639. [PMID: 29682840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A combinatorial nickel-catalyzed monofluoroalkylation of aryl halides with unactivated fluoroalkyl halides by reductive cross-coupling has been developed. This method demonstrated high efficiency, mild conditions, and excellent functional-group tolerance, thus enabling the late-stage monofluoroalkylation of diverse drugs. The key to success was the combination of diverse readily available bidentate and monodentate pyridine-type nitrogen ligands with nickel, which in situ generated a variety of readily tunable catalysts to promote fluoroalkylation with broad scope with respect to both coupling partners. This combinatorial catalysis strategy offers a solution for nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reactions and provides an efficient way to synthesize fluoroalkylated druglike molecules for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hui-Qi Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Kai-Fan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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19
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Xu C, Guo WH, He X, Guo YL, Zhang XY, Zhang X. Difluoromethylation of (hetero)aryl chlorides with chlorodifluoromethane catalyzed by nickel. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1170. [PMID: 29563528 PMCID: PMC5862906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively low reactivity hinders using chlorodifluoromethane (ClCF2H) for general difluoromethylation with organic molecules, despite its availability as an inexpensive industrial chemical. To date, transformations of ClCF2H are very limited and most of them involve difluorocarbene intermediate. Here, we describe a strategy for difluoromethylation of aromatics through nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of ClCF2H with readily accessible (hetero)aryl chlorides. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions with high efficiency and features synthetic simplicity without preformation of arylmetals and broad substrate scope, including a variety of heteroaromatics and commercially available pharmaceuticals. The reliable practicability and scalability of the current nickel-catalyzed process has also been demonstrated by several 10-g scale reactions without loss of reaction efficiency. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction starts from the oxidative addition of aryl chlorides to Ni(0) and a difluoromethyl radical is involved in the reaction, providing a route for applications of ClCF2H in organic synthesis and related chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu He
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Heinz C, Lutz JP, Simmons EM, Miller MM, Ewing WR, Doyle AG. Ni-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reductive Amination. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2292-2300. [PMID: 29341599 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a three-component, Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling that enables the convergent synthesis of tertiary benzhydryl amines, which are challenging to access by traditional reductive amination methodologies. The reaction makes use of iminium ions generated in situ from the condensation of secondary N-trimethylsilyl amines with benzaldehydes, and these species undergo reaction with several distinct classes of organic electrophiles. The synthetic value of this process is demonstrated by a single-step synthesis of antimigraine drug flunarizine (Sibelium) and high yielding derivatization of paroxetine (Paxil) and metoprolol (Lopressor). Mechanistic investigations support a sequential oxidative addition mechanism rather than a pathway proceeding via α-amino radical formation. Accordingly, application of catalytic conditions to an intramolecular reductive coupling is demonstrated for the synthesis of endo- and exocyclic benzhydryl amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heinz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - J Patrick Lutz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael M Miller
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - William R Ewing
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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21
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Ren Q, An S, Huang Z, Wu N, Shen X. Halogen atom transfer mechanism of iron-catalyzed direct arylation to form biaryl using Density Functional Theory calculations. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Sheng J, Ni HQ, Liu G, Li Y, Wang XS. Combinatorial Nickel-Catalyzed Monofluoroalkylation of Aryl Boronic Acids with Unactivated Fluoroalkyl Iodides. Org Lett 2017; 19:4480-4483. [PMID: 28809568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A combinatorial nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling between arylboronic acids and unactived 1-fluoro-1-iodoalkanes has been developed, which demonstrated high efficiency, mild conditions, and excellent functional-group compatibility. Readily available nitrogen and phosphine ligands were combined with a nitrogen source, which in situ generated a variety of easily tunable catalysts to promote the fluoroalkylation for broad scopes of both coupling partners. This new strategy on combinatorial catalysis offers new solutions for nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hui-Qi Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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23
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Paul A, Smith MD, Vannucci AK. Photoredox-Assisted Reductive Cross-Coupling: Mechanistic Insight into Catalytic Aryl–Alkyl Cross-Couplings. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1996-2003. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Paul
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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24
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Qi SC, Hayashi JI, Zhang L. Recent application of calculations of metal complexes based on density functional theory. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent application of density functional theory (DFT) for metal complexes is reviewed to show the achievements of DFT and the challenges for it, as well as the methods for selecting proper functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Qi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Hayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Kasuga
- Japan
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25
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Kadunce NT, Reisman SE. Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Cross-Coupling between Heteroaryl Iodides and α-Chloronitriles. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10480-3. [PMID: 26256474 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-coupling of heteroaryl iodides and α-chloronitriles has been developed. This method furnishes enantioenriched α,α-disubstituted nitriles from simple organohalide building blocks. The reaction tolerates a variety of heterocyclic coupling partners, including pyridines, pyrimidines, quinolines, thiophenes, and piperidines. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions at room temperature and precludes the need to pregenerate organometallic nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel T Kadunce
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Gutierrez O, Tellis JC, Primer DN, Molander GA, Kozlowski MC. Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of photoredox-generated radicals: uncovering a general manifold for stereoconvergence in nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4896-9. [PMID: 25836634 PMCID: PMC4576934 DOI: 10.1021/ja513079r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cross-coupling of sp(3)-hybridized organoboron reagents via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis represents a new paradigm of reactivity for engaging alkylmetallic reagents in transition-metal-catalyzed processes. Reported here is an investigation into the mechanistic details of this important transformation using density functional theory. Calculations bring to light a new reaction pathway involving an alkylnickel(I) complex generated by addition of an alkyl radical to Ni(0) that is likely to operate simultaneously with the previously proposed mechanism. Analysis of the enantioselective variant of the transformation reveals an unexpected manifold for stereoinduction involving dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of a Ni(III) intermediate wherein the stereodetermining step is reductive elimination. Furthermore, calculations suggest that the DKR-based stereoinduction manifold may be responsible for stereoselectivity observed in numerous other stereoconvergent Ni-catalyzed cross-couplings and reductive couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John C Tellis
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David N Primer
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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27
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Beng TK, Sincavage K, Silaire AWV, Alwali A, Bassler DP, Spence LE, Beale O. Direct access to functionalized benzotropones, azepanes, and piperidines by reductive cross-coupling of α-bromo enones with α-bromo enamides. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5349-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00517e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
High-yielding syntheses of functionalized azepenes and piperidines, bearing an α-benzotropone derivative, have been achieved through cobalt-catalysed reductive cross-coupling of α-bromo enamides with α-bromo enones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amir Alwali
- Department of Chemistry
- Susquehanna University
- Selinsgrove
- USA
| | | | | | - Oliver Beale
- Department of Chemistry
- Susquehanna University
- Selinsgrove
- USA
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28
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Gu J, Wang X, Xue W, Gong H. Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkyl halides with other electrophiles: concept and mechanistic considerations. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We herein summarize recent Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkyl electrophiles with a variety of other electrophiles to generate C(sp3)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–C(sp2) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Weichao Xue
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Hegui Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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