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Bím D, Luedecke KM, Cagan DA, Hadt RG. Light Activation and Photophysics of a Structurally Constrained Nickel(II)-Bipyridine Aryl Halide Complex. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4120-4131. [PMID: 38376134 PMCID: PMC11000520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal photoredox catalysis has transformed organic synthesis by harnessing light to construct complex molecules. Nickel(II)-bipyridine (bpy) aryl halide complexes are a significant class of cross-coupling catalysts that can be activated via direct light excitation. This study investigates the effects of molecular structure on the photophysics of these catalysts by considering an underexplored, structurally constrained Ni(II)-bpy aryl halide complex in which the aryl and bpy ligands are covalently tethered alongside traditional unconstrained complexes. Intriguingly, the tethered complex is photochemically stable but features a reversible Ni(II)-C(aryl) ⇄ [Ni(I)···C(aryl)•] equilibrium upon direct photoexcitation. When an electrophile is introduced during photoirradiation, we demonstrate a preference for photodissociation over recombination, rendering the parent Ni(II) complex a stable source of a reactive Ni(I) intermediate. Here, we characterize the reversible photochemical behavior of the tethered complex by kinetic analyses, quantum chemical calculations, and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Comparison to the previously characterized Ni(II)-bpy aryl halide complex indicates that the structural constraints considered here dramatically influence the excited state relaxation pathway and provide insight into the characteristics of excited-state Ni(II)-C bond homolysis and aryl radical reassociation dynamics. This study enriches the understanding of molecular structure effects in photoredox catalysis and offers new possibilities for designing customized photoactive catalysts for precise organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bím
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Kaitlin M Luedecke
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - David A Cagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Moreth D, Hörner G, Müller VVL, Geyer L, Schatzschneider U. Isostructural Series of Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) Azido Complexes with a N^C^N Pincer Ligand to Elucidate Trends in the iClick Reaction Kinetics and Structural Parameters of the Triazolato Products. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16000-16012. [PMID: 37728290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
An isoelectronic and isostructural series of cyclometalated azido complexes [M(N3)(dpb)] with M = Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) based on the N^C^N pincer ligand 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)phenide (dpb) was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and investigated for reactivity in the iClick reaction with a wide range of internal and terminal alkynes by using 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. Reaction rate constants were found to increase with greater charge density in the order Ni(II) > Pd(II) > Pt(II) > Au(III). Terminal alkynes R-C≡C-R' with strongly electron-withdrawing groups R and R' exhibited faster kinetics than those with electron-donating substituents in the order CF3 > ketone > ester > H > phenyl ≫ amide, while R = CH3 resulted in complete loss of reactivity. Four symmetrical triazolato complexes [M(triazolatoCOOCH3,COOCH3)(dpb)] with M = Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) as well as four nonsymmetrically substituted triazolato complexes [Pt(triazolatoR,R')(dpb)] originating from terminal and internal alkynes were shown by X-ray crystal structure analysis to exclusively feature N2-coordination of the five-membered ring ligand. However, the Pt(II) triazolato complexes exist as a mixture of N1- and N2-coordinated species in solution. Torsion angles between the mean planes of the N^C^N pincer and the triazolato ligand increase from a nearly coplanar to a perpendicular arrangement when going from Au(III)/Pt(II)/Pd(II) to Ni(II), while different substituents R and R' on the alkyne have no influence on the torsion angle and were rationalized by DFT calculations. Finally, a carbohydrate derivative obtained by glucuronic acid conjugation to methyl propiolate demonstrates the facile biofunctionalization of metal complexes via the iClick reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Moreth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Anorganische Chemie IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Victoria V L Müller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Geyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Photoluminescent nickel(II) carbene complexes with ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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4
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Abstract
AbstractNickel-catalyzed cross-coupling and photoredox catalytic reactions has found widespread utilities in organic synthesis. Redox processes are key intermediate steps in many catalytic cycles. As a result, it is pertinent to measure and document the redox potentials of various nickel species as precatalysts, catalysts, and intermediates. The redox potentials of a transition-metal complex are governed by its oxidation state, ligand, and the solvent environment. This article tabulates experimentally measured redox potentials of nickel complexes supported on common ligands under various conditions. This review article serves as a versatile tool to help synthetic organic and organometallic chemists evaluate the feasibility and kinetics of redox events occurring at the nickel center, when designing catalytic reactions and preparing nickel complexes.1 Introduction1.1 Scope1.2 Measurement of Formal Redox Potentials1.3 Redox Potentials in Nonaqueous Solution2 Redox Potentials of Nickel Complexes2.1 Redox Potentials of (Phosphine)Ni Complexes2.2 Redox Potentials of (Nitrogen)Ni Complexes2.3 Redox Potentials of (NHC)Ni Complexes
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5
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Kletsch L, Jordan R, Köcher AS, Buss S, Strassert CA, Klein A. Photoluminescence of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) Complexes [M(Me 2dpb)Cl] Obtained from C‒H Activation of 1,5-Di(2-pyridyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene (Me 2dpbH). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165051. [PMID: 34443649 PMCID: PMC8401505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The three complexes [M(Me2dpb)Cl] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) containing the tridentate N,C,N-cyclometalating 3,5-dimethyl-1,5-dipyridyl-phenide ligand (Me2dpb-) were synthesised using a base-assisted C‒H activation method. Oxidation potentials from cyclic voltammetry increased along the series Pt < Ni < Pd from 0.15 to 0.74 V. DFT calculations confirmed the essentially ligand-centred π*-type character of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) for all three complexes in agreement with the invariant reduction processes. For the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), contributions from metal dyz, phenyl C4, C2, C1, and C6, and Cl pz orbitals were found. As expected, the dz2 (HOMO-1 for Ni) is stabilised for the Pd and Pt derivatives, while the antibonding dx2-y2 orbital is de-stabilised for Pt and Pd compared with Ni. The long-wavelength UV-vis absorption band energies increase along the series Ni < Pt < Pd. The lowest-energy TD-DFT-calculated state for the Ni complex has a pronounced dz2-type contribution to the overall metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character. For Pt and Pd, the dz2 orbital is energetically not available and a strongly mixed Cl-to-π*/phenyl-to-π*/M(dyz)-to-π* (XLCT/ILCT/MLCT) character is found. The complex [Pd(Me2dpb)Cl] showed a structured emission band in a frozen glassy matrix at 77 K, peaking at 468 nm with a quantum yield of almost unity as observed for the previously reported Pt derivative. No emission was observed from the Ni complex at 77 or 298 K. The TD-DFT-calculated states using the TPSSh functional were in excellent agreement with the observed absorption energies and also clearly assessed the nature of the so-called "dark", i.e., d‒d*, excited configurations to lie low for the Ni complex (≥3.18 eV), promoting rapid radiationless relaxation. For the Pd(II) and Pt(II) derivatives, the "dark" states are markedly higher in energy with ≥4.41 eV (Pd) and ≥4.86 eV (Pt), which is in perfect agreement with the similar photophysical behaviour of the two complexes at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kletsch
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (L.K.); (R.J.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Rose Jordan
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (L.K.); (R.J.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Alicia S. Köcher
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (L.K.); (R.J.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Stefan Buss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.A.S.); (A.K.); Tel.: +49-221-470-4006 (A.K.)
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (L.K.); (R.J.); (A.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.S.); (A.K.); Tel.: +49-221-470-4006 (A.K.)
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Peng K, Moreth D, Schatzschneider U. C^N^N Coordination Accelerates the iClick Reaction of Square-Planar Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Azido Complexes with Electron-Poor Alkynes and Enables Cycloaddition with Terminal Alkynes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Moreth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Eskelinen T, Buss S, Petrovskii SK, Grachova EV, Krause M, Kletsch L, Klein A, Strassert CA, Koshevoy IO, Hirva P. Photophysics and Excited State Dynamics of Cyclometalated [M(Phbpy)(CN)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) Complexes: A Theoretical and Experimental Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8777-8789. [PMID: 34097403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated complexes [M(Phbpy)(CN)] (HPhbpy = 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine) of the group 10 metals (Ni, Pd, and Pt) bearing a carbanionic -C∧N∧N pincer ligand were synthesized and studied in a combined experimental and computational DFT approach. All three complexes were crystallographically characterized showing closely packed dimers with head-to-tail stacking and short metal-metal contacts in the solid state. The computational models for geometries, excited states, and electronic transitions addressed both monomeric (Ni-mono, Pd-mono, and Pt-mono) and dimeric (Ni-dim, Pd-dim, and Pt-dim) entities. Photophysical properties and excited state dynamics of all title complexes were investigated in solution and in the solid at 298 and 77 K. [Ni(Phbpy)(CN)] and [Pd(Phbpy)(CN)] are virtually nonemissive in solution at 298 K, whereas [Pt(Phbpy)(CN)] shows phosphorescence in CH2Cl2 (DCM) solution (λem = 562 nm) stemming from a mixed 3MLCT/ILCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer/intraligand charge transfer) state. At 77 K in a glassy frozen DCM:MeOH matrix, [Pd(Phbpy)(CN)] shows a remarkable emission (λem = 571 nm) with a photoluminescence quantum yield reaching almost unity, whereas [Ni(Phbpy)(CN)] is again nonemissive. Calculations on the monomeric models M-mono show that low-lying metal-centered states (MC, i.e., d-d* configuration) with dissociative character quench the photoluminescence. In the solid state, the complexes [M(Phbpy)(CN)] show defined photoluminescence bands (λem = 561 nm for Pd and 701 nm for Pt). Calculations on the dimeric models M-dim shows that the axial M···M interactions alter the photophysical properties of Pd-dim and Pt-dim toward MMLCT (metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited states with Pd-dim showing temperature-dependent emission lifetimes, suggesting thermally activated delayed fluorescence, whereas Pt-dim displayed phosphorescence with excimeric character. The metal-metal interactions were analyzed in detail with the quantum theory of atoms in molecules approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Eskelinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Stefan Buss
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stanislav K Petrovskii
- Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maren Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Kletsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pipsa Hirva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
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8
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Vogt N, Sandleben A, Kletsch L, Schäfer S, Chin MT, Vicic DA, Hörner G, Klein A. Role of the X Coligands in Cyclometalated [Ni(Phbpy)X] Complexes (HPhbpy = 6-Phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vogt
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Aaron Sandleben
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Lukas Kletsch
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Sascha Schäfer
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Mason T. Chin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
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9
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Budnikova YH. Electrochemical Insight into Mechanisms and Metallocyclic Intermediates of C-H Functionalization. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2148-2163. [PMID: 33629800 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis and electrosynthesis as well as in the development of new methodologies for producing fine chemicals. In order to achieve efficient and selective C-H functionalization, different strategies have been used to accelerate the C-H activation step, including the incorporation of directing groups in the substrate that facilitate coordination to the catalyst. In this review, we try to underscore that the understanding the mechanisms of the catalytic cycle and the reactivity or redox activity of the key metal cyclic intermediates in these reactions is the basis for controlling the selectivity of synthesis and electrosynthesis. Combination of the electrosynthesis and voltammetry with traditional synthetic and physico-chemical methods allows one to achieve selective transformation of C-H bonds to functionalized C-C or C-X (X=heteroatom or halogen) bonds which may encourage organic chemists to use it in the future more often. The possibilities and the benefits of electrochemical techniques are analyzed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia H Budnikova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl Marx street, 68, 420015, Kazan, Russia
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10
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Mousa AH, Chakrabarti K, Isapour G, Bendix J, Wendt OF. Enhancing the Stability of Aromatic PCN Pincer Nickel Complexes by Incorporation of Pyridine as the Nitrogen Side Arm. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrazek H. Mousa
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of Chemistry Lund University P. O. Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Kaushik Chakrabarti
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of Chemistry Lund University P. O. Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Ghodsieh Isapour
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of Chemistry Lund University P. O. Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ola F. Wendt
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of Chemistry Lund University P. O. Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
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11
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Kletsch L, Hörner G, Klein A. Cyclometalated Ni(II) Complexes [Ni(N∧C∧N)X] of the Tridentate 2,6-di(2-pyridyl)phen-ide Ligand. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kletsch
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
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12
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Wong YS, Tang MC, Ng M, Yam VWW. Toward the Design of Phosphorescent Emitters of Cyclometalated Earth-Abundant Nickel(II) and Their Supramolecular Study. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7638-7646. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yip-Sang Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Direct Base-Assisted C‒H Cyclonickelation of 6-Phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040997. [PMID: 32102281 PMCID: PMC7070369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The organonickel complexes [Ni(Phbpy)X] (X = Br, OAc, CN) were obtained for the first time in a direct base-assisted arene C(sp2)-H cyclometalation reaction from the rather unreactive precursor materials NiX2 and HPhbpy (6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine) or from the versatile precursor [Ni(HPhbpy)Br2]2. Different from previously necessary C‒Br oxidative addition at Ni(0), an extended scan of reaction conditions allowed quantitative access to the title compound from Ni(II) on synthetically useful timescales through base-assisted C‒H activation in nonpolar media at elevated temperature. Optimisation of the reaction conditions (various bases, solvents, methods) identified 1:2 mixtures of acetate and carbonate as unrivalled synergetic base pairs in the optimum protocol that holds promise as a readily usable and easily tuneable access to a wide range of direct nickelation products. While for the base-assisted C‒H metalation of the noble metals Ru, Ir, Rh, or Pd, this acetate/carbonate method has been established for a few years, our study represents the leap into the world of the base metals of the 3d series.
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14
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Berkefeld A, Fröhlich M, Kordan M, Hörner G, Schubert H. Selective metalation of phenol-type proligands for preparative organometallic chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3987-3990. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective C-metalation of phenol ester derived proligands is a readily applicable addition to state-of-the-art protocols toward cyclometalated structures, in particular of the base metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Berkefeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Markus Fröhlich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Mike Kordan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Anorganische Chemie IV
- Universität Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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15
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Synthesis and crystal structure of two coordination polymers based on N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)pyromellitic diimide and fluorescence thiocyanate sensing. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-019-00369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Dudkina YB, Fayzullin RR, Lyssenko KA, Gubaidullin AT, Kholin KV, Levitskaya AI, Balakina MY, Budnikova YH. Cyclometalated Nickel Complexes as Key Intermediates in C(sp2)–H Bond Functionalization: Synthesis, Catalysis, Electrochemical Properties, and DFT Calculations. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia B. Dudkina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Aidar T. Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill V. Kholin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Alina I. Levitskaya
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Yu. Balakina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia H. Budnikova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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17
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Sandleben A, Vogt N, Hörner G, Klein A. Redox Series of Cyclometalated Nickel Complexes [Ni((R)Ph(R′)bpy)Br]+/0/–/2– (H–(R)Ph(R′)bpy = Substituted 6-Phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine). Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Sandleben
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogt
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
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18
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Zimmerman AC, Fryzuk MD. β-Hydrogen Elimination and Reductive Elimination from a κ 3-PPC Nickel Complex. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6Z 1Z1
| | - Michael D. Fryzuk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6Z 1Z1
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19
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Jongbloed LS, Vogt N, Sandleben A, de Bruin B, Klein A, van der Vlugt JI. Nickel-Alkyl Complexes with a Reactive PNC-Pincer Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018; 2018:2408-2418. [PMID: 29937691 PMCID: PMC6001697 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on previous work related to the design and application of rigid tridentate phosphine-pyridine-phenyl coordination offered by a PNC-pincer ligand upon cyclometalation to nickel, the synthesis, spectroscopic and solid state characterization and redox-reactivity of two NiII(PNC) complexes featuring either a methyl (2CH3 ) or CF3 co-ligand (2CF3 ) are described. One-electron oxidation is proposed to furnish C-C reductive elimination, as deduced from a combined chemical, electrochemical, spectroscopic and computational study. One-electron reduction results in a ligand-centered radical anion, as supported by electrochemistry, UV spectroelectrochemistry, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. This further attenuates the breadth of chemical reactivity offered by such PNC-pincer ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Jongbloed
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired and Supramolecular Catalysis, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vogt
- Department für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität zu KölnGreinstraße 650939KölnGermany
| | - Aaron Sandleben
- Department für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität zu KölnGreinstraße 650939KölnGermany
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired and Supramolecular Catalysis, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität zu KölnGreinstraße 650939KölnGermany
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired and Supramolecular Catalysis, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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20
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Karlshøj S, Amarandi RM, Larsen O, Daugvilaite V, Steen A, Brvar M, Pui A, Frimurer TM, Ulven T, Rosenkilde MM. Molecular Mechanism of Action for Allosteric Modulators and Agonists in CC-chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26860-26874. [PMID: 27834679 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.740183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small molecule metal ion chelators bipyridine and terpyridine complexed with Zn2+ (ZnBip and ZnTerp) act as CCR5 agonists and strong positive allosteric modulators of CCL3 binding to CCR5, weak modulators of CCL4 binding, and competitors for CCL5 binding. Here we describe their binding site using computational modeling, binding, and functional studies on WT and mutated CCR5. The metal ion Zn2+ is anchored to the chemokine receptor-conserved Glu-283VII:06/7.39 Both chelators interact with aromatic residues in the transmembrane receptor domain. The additional pyridine ring of ZnTerp binds deeply in the major binding pocket and, in contrast to ZnBip, interacts directly with the Trp-248VI:13/6.48 microswitch, contributing to its 8-fold higher potency. The impact of Trp-248 was further confirmed by ZnClTerp, a chloro-substituted version of ZnTerp that showed no inherent agonism but maintained positive allosteric modulation of CCL3 binding. Despite a similar overall binding mode of all three metal ion chelator complexes, the pyridine ring of ZnClTerp blocks the conformational switch of Trp-248 required for receptor activation, thereby explaining its lack of activity. Importantly, ZnClTerp becomes agonist to the same extent as ZnTerp upon Ala mutation of Ile-116III:16/3.40, a residue that constrains the Trp-248 microswitch in its inactive conformation. Binding studies with 125I-CCL3 revealed an allosteric interface between the chemokine and the small molecule binding site, including residues Tyr-37I:07/1.39, Trp-86II:20/2.60, and Phe-109III:09/3.33 The small molecules and CCL3 approach this interface from opposite directions, with some residues being mutually exploited. This study provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of CCR5 activation and paves the way for future allosteric drugs for chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Karlshøj
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roxana Maria Amarandi
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,the Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Bd. Carol I No. 11, RO-700506 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Olav Larsen
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktorija Daugvilaite
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Steen
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matjaž Brvar
- the Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Aurel Pui
- the Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Bd. Carol I No. 11, RO-700506 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Thomas Michael Frimurer
- the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, and
| | - Trond Ulven
- the Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- From the Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark,
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21
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Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Cyclometalated Nickel(II) Complexes: A Review and Perspective. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-016-0289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Jongbloed LS, García-López D, van Heck R, Siegler MA, Carbó JJ, van der Vlugt JI. Arene C(sp2)-H Metalation at NiII Modeled with a Reactive PONCPh Ligand. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8041-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Jongbloed
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diego García-López
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Richard van Heck
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jorge J. Carbó
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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