1
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van den Bogaard HS, Sharma HK, Mettta-Magaña A, Pannell KH. Hypercoordination by Multiple Dangling Benzylmethoxy Ligands in Highly Crowded Triaryltin Bromide [(2-MeOCH 2 C 6 H 4 )] 3 SnBr and Diaryltin Mixed Halides [(2-MeOCH 2 C 6 H 4 )] 2 SnBrCl, and a related Distannane and Distannoxane. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300767. [PMID: 37738358 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between the Grignard reagent formed from Mg and 2-bromobenzylmethyl ether and SnCl4 produced four products: [2-(MeOCH2 )C6 H4 ]3 SnBr (1), [2-(MeOCH2 )C6 H4 ]2 SnX2 (2, X2 =Br2 (a) and BrCl (b)), [{2-(MeOCH2 )C6 H4 }3 Sn]2 (3), and [{2-(MeOCH2 )C6 H4 }2 SnBr]2 O (4). In the case of 1, two of the three dangling arm O atoms coordinate to the central tin atom with O-Sn internuclear distances of 2.53 (O1) and 2.91 (O2) Å, the shorter interaction being trans to the Br atom, the other trans to a phenyl carbon atom. In the case of 2a the resulting hexacoordinate structure exhibits two very short O-Sn interactions of 2.42 and 2.50 Å, well below the sum of the VdW radii of O and Sn, 3.69 Å. The sterically crowded ditin compound 3 was obtained in trace amounts and the structure demonstrates no dangling O-Sn interactions. General changes in structure compared to other distannane systems are reflective of the great steric crowding. Distannoxane 4, has a Sn-O-Sn bond angle of 148.1(2)° which is larger compared to other distannoxane structures. The intermolecular interactions between Sn-O 2.470(3) and 2.521(3)Å and 2.665(3) and 2.629(3)Å for Sn1 and Sn2 respectively are responsible for a distorted octahedral geometry around the two tin atoms. The various 119 Sn, 13 C and 1 H NMR spectra are in accord with their structural analysis for 1 and 2, and in the solid state 13 C NMR spectrum of 1 the dangling methylene group is observable whereas is solution there is a rapid dynamic equilibrium resulting in a single resonance for all methylene groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk S van den Bogaard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Hemant K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Alejandro Mettta-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Keith H Pannell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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2
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Chaturvedi A, McCarver GA, Sinha S, Hix EG, Vogiatzis KD, Jiang J. A PEGylated Tin Porphyrin Complex for Electrocatalytic Proton Reduction: Mechanistic Insights into Main‐Group‐Element Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206325. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Gavin A. McCarver
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-1600 USA
| | - Soumalya Sinha
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Elijah G. Hix
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-1600 USA
| | | | - Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
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3
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Chaturvedi A, McCarver GA, Sinha S, Hix EG, Vogiatzis KD, Jiang JJ. A PEGylated Tin‐Porphyrin Complex for Electrocatalytic Proton Reduction: Mechanistic Insights into Main‐Group Element Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Chaturvedi
- University of Cincinnati Chemistry 312 College Dr. 45221 Cincinnati UNITED STATES
| | - Gavin A McCarver
- UT Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Knoxville Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Elijah G Hix
- UT Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Knoxville Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Konstantinos D Vogiatzis
- UT Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Knoxville Chemistry Buehler Hall1420 Circle Dr. 37996 Knoxville UNITED STATES
| | - Jianbing Jimmy Jiang
- University of Cincinnati Chemistry 312 College Dr. 45221 Cincinnati UNITED STATES
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4
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Pau J, Choi JW, Silverthorne K, Ranne M, Wylie RS, Gossage RA, Lough AJ, Foucher DA. New Hypercoordinating Organostannanes for the Modular Functionalization of Mono‐ and Polystannanes: Synthetic and Computational Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pau
- Ryerson University Chemistry and Biology 350 Victoria Street M5B2K3 Toronto CANADA
| | - Jung-Won Choi
- Ryerson University Chemistry and Biology 350 Victoria Street M5B2K3 Toronto CANADA
| | - Kaitlyn Silverthorne
- Ryerson University Chemistry and Biology 350 Victoria Street M5B 2K3 Toronto CANADA
| | - Mokhamed Ranne
- Ryerson University Chemistry and Biology 350 Victoria Street M5B2K3 Toronto CANADA
| | - R. Stephen Wylie
- Ryerson University Chemistry and Biology 350 Victoria Street M5B2K3 Toronto CANADA
| | - Robert A. Gossage
- Ryerson University Chemistry and Biology 350 Victoria Street M5B2K3 Toronto CANADA
| | - Alan J. Lough
- University of Toronto Chemistry 80 St. George Street M5H 3H6 Toronto CANADA
| | - Daniel Alain Foucher
- Ryerson University Dept of Chemistry and Biology 350 Victoria St M5B 2K3 Toronto CANADA
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5
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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6
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Preparation and DFT Studies of κ2C,N-Hypercoordinated Oxazoline Organotins: Monomer Constructs for Stable Polystannanes. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8050035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraorganotin tin(IV) compounds containing a flexible or rigid (4: Ph3Sn-CH2-C6H4-R; 7: Ph3SnC6H4-R, R = 2-oxazolinyl) chelating oxazoline functionality were prepared in good yields by the reaction of lithiated oxazolines and Ph3SnCl. Reaction of 7 with excess HCl resulted in the isolation of the tin monochlorido compound, 9 (ClSn[Ph2]C6H4-R). Conversion of the triphenylstannanes 7 and 4 into their corresponding dibromido species was successfully achieved from the reaction with Br2 to yield 10 (Br2Sn[Ph]C6H4-R) and 11 (Br2Sn[Ph]-CH2-C6H4-R), respectively. X-ray crystallography of 4, 7, 9, 10, and 11 reveal that all structures adopt a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around Sn in the solid state. Compound 4, with an additional methylene spacer group, displays a comparatively long Sn–N bond distance compared to the dibromido tin species, 11. Several DFT methods were compared for accuracy in predicting the solid-state geometries of compounds 4, 7, 9–11. Compounds 10 and 11 were further converted into the corresponding dihydrides (12: H2Sn[Ph]C6H4-R, 13: H2Sn[Ph]-CH2-C6H4-R), via Br–H exchange, in high yield by reaction with NaBH4. Polymerization of 12 or 13 with a late transition metal catalyst produced a low molecular weight polystannane (14: –[Sn[Ph]C6H4-R]n–, Mw = 10,100 Da) and oligostannane (15: –[Sn[Ph]-CH2-C6H4-R]n–, Mw = 3200 Da), respectively.
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7
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Hypercoordinated organotin(IV) compounds containing C,O- and C,N- chelating ligands: Synthesis, characterisation, DFT studies and polymerization behaviour. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Pau J, D'Amaral GM, Lough AJ, Wylie RS, Foucher DA. Synthesis and Characterization of Readily Modified Poly(aryl)(alkoxy)stannanes by use of Hypercoordinated Sn Monomers. Chemistry 2018; 24:18762-18771. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pau
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Gloria M. D'Amaral
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- X-Ray Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON M5H 3H6 Canada
| | - R. Stephen Wylie
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Daniel A. Foucher
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
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9
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Dhindsa JS, Jacobs BF, Lough AJ, Foucher DA. “Push–push and push–pull” polystannanes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14094-14100. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alternating “Push–pull” and “push–push” polystannanes prepared by condensation of tin diamides and tin dihydrides are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Dhindsa
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON
- Canada
| | - B. F. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON
- Canada
| | - A. J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- 80 St. George St. Toronto ON
- Canada
| | - D. A. Foucher
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON
- Canada
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10
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Pau J, Lough AJ, Wylie RS, Gossage RA, Foucher DA. Proof of Concept Studies Directed Towards Designed Molecular Wires: Property-Driven Synthesis of Air and Moisture-Stable Polystannanes. Chemistry 2017; 23:14367-14374. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pau
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street M5B 2K3 Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street 2M5S 3H6 Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - R. Stephen Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street M5B 2K3 Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Robert A. Gossage
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street M5B 2K3 Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Daniel A. Foucher
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; 350 Victoria Street M5B 2K3 Toronto Ontario Canada
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11
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Khan A, Foucher D. Hypercoordinate compounds of the group 14 elements containing κn-C,N-, C,O-, C,S- and C,P-ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Caseri W. Polystannanes: processible molecular metals with defined chemical structures. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5187-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polystannanes are a unique class of materials as those inorganic polymers (more precisely organometallic polymers) appear to be hitherto the only characterized polymers with a backbone of covalently bound metal atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Caseri
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich
- Department of Materials
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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13
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Abstract
A survey of the state-of-the-art in the development of synthetic methods to incorporate p-block elements into polymers is given. The incorporation of main group elements (groups 13-16) into long chains provides access to materials with fascinating chemical and physical properties imparted by the presence of inorganic groups. Perhaps the greatest impedance to the widespread academic and commercial use of p-block element-containing macromolecules is the synthetic challenge associated with linking inorganic elements into long chains. In recent years, creative methodologies have been developed to incorporate heteroatoms into polymeric structures, with perhaps the greatest advances occurring with hybrid organic-inorganic polymers composed of boron, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. With these developments, materials are currently being realized that possess exciting chemical, photophysical and thermal properties that are not possible for conventional organic polymers. This review focuses on highlighting the most significant recent advances whilst giving an appropriate background for the general reader. Of particular focus will be advances made over the last two decades, with emphasis on the novel synthetic methodologies employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Priegert
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouer, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z1.
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