Recent achievements in intermolecular sp3 C–H bond functionalization of organic compounds by superelectrophilic trihalomethyl metal complex

Superelectrophiles: Recent Advances

Superelectrophiles are reactive species that often carry multiple positive charges. They have been useful in numerous synthetic methods and they often exhibit highly unusual reactivities. Recent advances in superelectrophile chemistry are discussed in this review.

2-Amino-5,6-difluorophenyl-1H-pyrazole-Directed PdII Catalysis: Arylation of Unactivated β-C(sp3)-H Bonds

Palladium-catalyzed arylation of unactivated β-C(sp³)-H bonds in carboxylic acid derivatives with aryl iodides is described for the first time using 2-amino-5,6-difluorophenyl-1H-pyrazole as an efficient and readily removable directing group. Two fluoro groups are installed at the 5- and 6-position of the anilino moiety in 2-aminophenyl-1H-pyrazole, clearly enhancing the directing ability of the auxiliary. In addition, the protocol employs Cu(OAc)₂/Ag₃PO₄ (1.2/0.3) as additives, evidently reducing the stoichiometric amount of expensive silver salts. Furthermore, this process exhibits high β-site selectivity, compatibility with diverse substrates containing α-hydrogen atoms, and excellent functional group tolerance.

A comparative study of inter- and intramolecular C–H aminations: mechanism and site selectivity

The similarities and differences of inter- and intramolecular aminations are discussed, with an emphasis on correlation between pathway and site-selectivity.

Insight into the mechanism and site-selectivity of Rh2II,II(esp)2-catalyzed intermolecular C–H amination

The mechanisms and site-selective determinants of Rh₂^II,II(esp)₂-catalyzed intermolecular C–H bond aminations of three isoamylbenzene-derived substrates, p-R–C₆H₄(CH₂)₂CH(CH₃)₂ (R = OCH₃, H, CF₃), have been investigated by the density functional theory (BPW91) method.