1
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Yamada KE, Stepek IA, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Heptagon-Containing Polyarenes by Catalytic C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311770. [PMID: 37902441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbons incorporating non-hexagonal aromatic rings - such as five-, seven-, and eight-membered rings - have various intriguing physical properties such as curved structures, unique one-dimensional packing, and promising magnetic, optical, and conductivity properties. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic approach to polycyclic aromatics containing seven-membered rings via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Ar-H/Ar-Br coupling. In addition to all-hydrocarbon scaffolds, heteroatom-embedded heptagon-containing polyarenes can be efficiently constructed with this method. Rhodium- and palladium-catalyzed sequential six- and seven-membered ring formations also afford complex heptagon-containing molecular nanocarbons from readily available arylacetylenes and biphenyl boronic acids. Detailed mechanistic analysis by DFT calculations showed the feasibility of seven-membered ring formation by a concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism. This reaction can serve as a template for the synthesis of a wide range of seven-membered ring-containing molecular nanocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo E Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Iain A Stepek
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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2
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Rosadoni E, Banchini F, Bellini S, Lessi M, Pasquinelli L, Bellina F. Ligandless Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C-5 Arylation of Azoles Promoted by Benzoic Acid in Anisole. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238454. [PMID: 36500546 PMCID: PMC9735507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of azoles with (hetero)aryl halides is nowadays one of the most versatile and efficient procedures for the selective synthesis of heterobiaryls. Although this procedure is, due to its characteristics, also of great interest in the industrial field, the wide use of a reaction medium such as DMF or DMA, two polar aprotic solvents coded as dangerous according to environmental, health, safety (EHS) parameters, strongly limits its actual use. In contrast, the use of aromatic solvents as the reaction medium for direct arylations, although some of them show good EHS values, is poorly reported, probably due to their low solvent power against reagents and their potential involvement in undesired side reactions. In this paper we report an unprecedented selective C-5 arylation procedure involving anisole as an EHS green reaction solvent. In addition, the beneficial role of benzoic acid as an additive was also highlighted, a role that had never been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rosadoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Banchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Bellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Lessi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Bellina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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3
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Matsuoka W, Harabuchi Y, Maeda S. Virtual Ligand-Assisted Screening Strategy to Discover Enabling Ligands for Transition Metal Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Matsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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4
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Kageyuki I, Li J, Yoshida H. Platinum–P(BFPy)3-catalyzed regioselective diboration of terminal alkynes with (pin)B–B(aam). Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unsymmetrical diboron, (pin)B–B(aam), is smoothly added across a carbon–carbon triple bond of various terminal alkynes under platinum catalysis, resulting in the regio- and stereoselective formation of cis-vic-diborylalkenes via the...
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5
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Heredia MD, Puiatti M, Rossi RA, Budén ME. Visible light mediated synthesis of 6 H-benzo[ c]chromenes: transition-metal-free intramolecular direct C-H arylation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:228-239. [PMID: 34889351 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01673c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach towards the 6H-benzo[c]chromene ring under visible light and transition-metal-free conditions has been developed. Benzochromenes are synthesized from the corresponding (2-halobenzyl) phenyl ethers or (2-halophenyl) benzyl ethers using KOtBu in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature (rt) and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source. This methodology replaces the use of ligands or additives, high temperatures and toxic solvents. The photostimulated reaction exhibits very good tolerance to different functional groups and 5H-dibenzo[c,f]chromenes are also effectively obtained. An electron donor-acceptor complex formed by the dimsyl anion and (2-halobenzyl) phenyl ethers was found and it induces the ET as the initial step in the photocyclization reaction. Furthermore, in order to explain the regiochemical outcome of this reaction, a theoretical analysis was performed using DFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela D Heredia
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Puiatti
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Roberto A Rossi
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María E Budén
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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6
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Omer H, Liu P. Computational Study of the Ni-Catalyzed C-H Oxidative Cycloaddition of Aromatic Amides with Alkynes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5209-5220. [PMID: 31459693 PMCID: PMC6648058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of Ni-catalyzed ortho C(sp2)-H oxidative cycloaddition of aromatic amides with internal alkynes containing 2-pyridinylmethylamine directing group was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The C-H cleavage step proceeds via σ-complex-assisted metathesis (σ-CAM) with an alkenyl-Ni(II) complex. This is in contrast to the more common carboxylate/carbonate-assisted concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism in related Ni-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions with N,N-bidentate directing groups. In this reaction, the alkyne not only serves as the coupling partner, but also facilitates the σ-CAM C-H metalation both kinetically and thermodynamically. The subsequent functionalization of the five-membered nickelacycle proceeds via alkyne insertion into the Ni-C bond to form a seven-membered nickelacycle. This process proceeds with high levels of regioselectivity to form a C-C bond with sterically more encumbered alkyne terminus. This unusual regioselectivity is due to steric repulsions with the directing group that is coplanar with the alkyne in the migratory insertion transition state. The C-N bond reductive elimination to form the isoquinolone cycloadduct is promoted by PPh3 complexation to the Ni center and the use of flexible 2-pyridinylmethylamine directing group. The origin of the cis-trans isomerism of alkene byproduct was also explained by computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humair
M. Omer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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7
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Togo T, Sohma Y, Kuninobu Y, Kanai M. Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Heteroarylation of 2,5-Disubstituted Imidazoles. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:196-198. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Togo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Youhei Sohma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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8
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Mondal T, Dutta S, De S, Koley D. Computational Exploration of Mechanistic Avenues in C-H Activation Assisted Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling. J Org Chem 2019; 84:257-272. [PMID: 30525639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanism of the intermolecular Pd-catalyzed carbonylative coupling reaction between aryl bromides and polyfluoroarenes relying on C(sp2)-H activation was investigated using state-of-the-art computational methods (SMD-B3LYP-D3(BJ)/BS2//B3LYP-D3/BS1). The mechanism unveils the necessary and important roles of a slight excess of carbon monoxide: acting as a ligand in the active catalyst state, participating as a reactant in the carbonylation process, and accelerating the final reductive elimination event. Importantly, the desired carbonylative coupling route follows the rate-limiting C-H activation process via the concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway, which is slightly more feasible than the decarboxylative route leading to byproduct formation by 1.2 kcal/mol. The analyses of the free energies indicate that the choice of base has a significant effect on the reaction mechanism and its energetics. The Cs2CO3 base guides the reaction toward the coupling route, whereas carbonate bases such as K2CO3 and Na2CO3 switch toward an undesired decarboxylative path. However, K3PO4 significantly reduces the C-H activation barrier over the decarboxylation reaction barrier and can act as a potential alternative base. The positional influence of a methoxy substituent in bromoanisole and different substituent effects in polyfluoroarenes were also considered. Our results show that different substituents impose significant impact on the desired carbonylative product formation energetics. Considering the influence of several ligands leads to the conclusion that other phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene, such as P nBuAd2 and IMes, can be used as an efficient alternative than the experimentally reported P tBu3 ligand exhibiting a clear preference for C-H activation (ΔΔ⧧ GLS) by 7.1 and 10.9 kcal/mol, respectively. We have also utilized the energetic span model to interpret the experimental results. Moreover, to elucidate the origin of activation barriers, energy decomposition analysis calculations were accomplished for the critical transition states populating the energy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totan Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
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9
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Kuwabara J, Tsuchida W, Guo S, Hu Z, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of conjugated polymers via direct C–H/C–Cl coupling reactions using a Pd/Cu binary catalytic system. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective C–H/C–Br coupling and polycondensation with C–H/C–Cl coupling afforded conjugated polymers in a short synthetic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Wataru Tsuchida
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Shuyang Guo
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Ziwei Hu
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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10
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11
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Deng Q, Tan L, Xu Y, Liu P, Sun P. Synthesis of 6-Fluoroalkyl 6H-Benzo[c]chromenes via Visible-Light-Promoted Radical Addition/Cyclization of Biaryl Vinyl Ethers. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6151-6161. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Deng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liping Tan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Liu Y, Ogunlana AA, Bao X. Mechanistic insights into Pd(0)-catalyzed intermolecular and intramolecular hydroamination of methylenecyclopropanes: a computational study. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5660-5669. [PMID: 29623974 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of transition metal-catalyzed methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs)-involved reactions are rather complicated due to the diverse pathways for the activation of MCPs. Herein, computational studies were carried out to investigate the detailed mechanisms of Pd(0)-catalyzed intermolecular and intramolecular hydroamination of MCPs. The initial activation of the three-membered ring of MCPs readily occurs via the insertion of Pd(0) into the distal C-C bond, leading to a metallacyclobutane intermediate. The commonly proposed oxidative addition of amine/amide nucleophile (Nu-H) onto the Pd(0) center to afford a hydrido-Pd(ii) complex, however, is less favorable in comparison with the Pd(0)-mediated cleavage of the distal C-C bond of MCPs. Subsequently, for the Pd(0)-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of 1,1-diphenyl MCP with 2-pyrrolidone, it is more favorable for the C1 of the metallacyclobutane intermediate to undergo protonation to yield a π-allylpalladium intermediate, from which the final allylamine product is afforded via reductive elimination. For the Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of aniline-tethered MCP, the intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the amine moiety to C3/C4 of the corresponding metallacyclobutane intermediate is preferable to generate a cyclic intermediate. Subsequent proton transfer steps could occur to complete the hydroamination reaction. The different pKa values of the N-H bonds of amide/amine are mainly responsible for the mechanistic difference in the Pd(0)-catalyzed hydroamination of MCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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13
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Omer HM, Liu P. Computational Study of Ni-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization: Factors That Control the Competition of Oxidative Addition and Radical Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9909-9920. [PMID: 28664728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of Ni-catalyzed C-H arylation, alkylation, and sulfenylation with N,N-bidentate directing groups are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. While the C-H cleavage occurs via the concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism in all types of reactions, the subsequent C-C and C-X bond formation steps may occur via either oxidative addition to form a Ni(IV) intermediate or radical pathways involving Ni(III) complexes generated from homolytic dissociation of disulfides/peroxides or halide-atom transfer from alkyl halides. DFT calculations revealed that radical mechanisms are preferred in reactions with sterically hindered coupling partners with relatively low bond dissociation energies (BDE) such as dicumyl peroxide, heptafluoroisopropyl iodide and diphenyl disulfide. In contrast, these radical processes are highly disfavored when generating unstable phenyl and primary alkyl radicals. In such cases, the reaction proceeds via an oxidative addition/reductive elimination mechanism involving a Ni(IV) intermediate. These theoretical insights into the substrate-controlled mechanisms in the C-H functionalizations were employed to investigate a number of experimental phenomena including substituent effects on reactivity, chemo- and regioselectivity and the effects of oxidant in the intermolecular oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humair M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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14
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Davies DL, Macgregor SA, McMullin CL. Computational Studies of Carboxylate-Assisted C-H Activation and Functionalization at Group 8-10 Transition Metal Centers. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8649-8709. [PMID: 28530807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation and functionalization at group 8-10 transition metal centers are reviewed. This Review is organized by metal and will cover work published from late 2009 until mid-2016. A brief overview of computational work prior to 2010 is also provided, and this outlines the understanding of carboxylate-assisted C-H activation in terms of the "ambiphilic metal-ligand assistance" (AMLA) and "concerted metalation deprotonation" (CMD) concepts. Computational studies are then surveyed in terms of the nature of the C-H bond being activated (C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H), the nature of the process involved (intramolecular with a directing group or intermolecular), and the context (stoichiometric C-H activation or within a variety of catalytic processes). This Review aims to emphasize the connection between computation and experiment and to highlight the contribution of computational chemistry to our understanding of catalytic C-H functionalization based on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation. Some opportunities where the interplay between computation and experiment may contribute further to the areas of catalytic C-H functionalization and applied computational chemistry are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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15
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Ortiz Villamizar MC, Zubkov FI, Puerto Galvis CE, Vargas Méndez LY, Kouznetsov VV. The study of metal-free and palladium-catalysed synthesis of benzochromenes via direct C–H arylation using unactivated aryl benzyl ethers derived from essential oils as raw materials. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00232g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 6H-benzo[c]chromenes, from phenol-rich essential oils, was studied through two approaches, establishing the Pd-approach as the most efficient protocol over the metal-free process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyn C. Ortiz Villamizar
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
| | - Fedor I. Zubkov
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Carlos E. Puerto Galvis
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
| | - Leonor Y. Vargas Méndez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Ambientales para el Desarrollo Sostenible
- Universidad Santo Tomás-Seccional Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | - Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular
- CMN
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará
- Piedecuesta 681011
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16
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Liang Y, Jiang YY, Liu Y, Bi S. Mechanism of Pd-catalyzed acylation/alkenylation of aryl iodide: a DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6147-6156. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanism of the Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodide, benzoic anhydride and ethyl acrylate was clarified by theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Siwei Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
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17
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Pouliot JR, Grenier F, Blaskovits JT, Beaupré S, Leclerc M. Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization: Simplicity for Conjugated Polymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14225-14274. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Rémi Pouliot
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - François Grenier
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Serge Beaupré
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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18
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Rauf W, Brown JM. Palladium-catalysed directed C–H activation by anilides and ureas; water participation in a general base mechanism. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5251-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general-base pathway for CH-activation in anilides and ureas en route to palladacycles was developed through DFT calculations and fits available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Rauf
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford OX1 3QY
- UK
- Health Biotechnology Division
| | - John M. Brown
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford OX1 3QY
- UK
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19
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Ruch AA, Handa S, Kong F, Nesterov VN, Pahls DR, Cundari TR, Slaughter LM. Competing amination and C–H arylation pathways in Pd/xantphos-catalyzed transformations of binaphthyl triflates: switchable routes to chiral amines and helicene derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8123-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01102k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A Pd(OAc)2/xantphos catalyst system can be tuned to promote either amination or C–H arylation of hindered binaphthyl 2-triflates, with xantphos's hemilability playing a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. Ruch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry
- Oklahoma State University Stillwater
- Oklahoma
- USA
| | - Fanji Kong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
| | | | - Dale R. Pahls
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
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20
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Godeau J, Harari M, Laclef S, Deau E, Fruit C, Besson T. Cu/Pd-Catalyzed C-2-H Arylation of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones with (Hetero)aryl Halides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Korenaga T, Sasaki R, Shimada K. Highly electron-poor Buchwald-type ligand: application for Pd-catalysed direct arylation of thiophene derivatives and theoretical consideration of the secondary Pd0–arene interaction. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19642-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly electron-poor SPhos ligands stabilised the Pd complex by secondary Pd0–arene interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Korenaga
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Iwate University
- Morioka
- Japan
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Iwate University
- Morioka
- Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Iwate University
- Morioka
- Japan
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