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Zhang M, Zhang SW, Wu C, Li W, Wu Y, Yang C, Meng Z, Xu W, Tang MC, Xie R, Meng H, Wei G. Fine Emission Tuning from Near-Ultraviolet to Saturated Blue with Rationally Designed Carbene-Based [3 + 2 + 1] Iridium(III) Complexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1546-1556. [PMID: 34978413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a new class of six phosphorescent [3 + 2 + 1] iridium(III) complexes [(pbib)Ir(C^C)CN] bearing a tridentate 1,3-bis(1-butylimidazolin-2-ylidene) phenyl N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based pincer ligand (pbib), bidentate imidazole-based NHC ligands (C^C), and a monodentate cyano group and investigated their photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal stabilities and electroluminescent properties. The extended π-conjugation of the imidazole-based C^C ligand is found to be the key to fine-tune the emission energies from ultraviolet blue (λ = 378 nm) to saturated blue (λ = 482 nm), as shown by electrochemical and photophysical studies, which is also revealed by the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diode devices have been fabricated with these newly synthesized emitters and exhibited the best external quantum efficiency of 6.4% and Commission International de L'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.163, 0.096), where the CIE y is very similar to the National Television System Committee standard blue CIE (x, y) coordinates of (0.149, 0.085). These results indicate that the novel [3 + 2 + 1] coordinated iridium(III) complexes [(pbib)Ir(C^C)CN], having a saturated blue emission, not only could alleviate the photodegradation of the emitters when compared to [(pbib)Ir(pmi)CN] but also provide new design strategies of saturated-blue-emitting iridium(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Si-Wei Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wansi Li
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- PURI Materials, Shenzhen 518133, China
| | - Chen Yang
- PURI Materials, Shenzhen 518133, China
| | - Zhimin Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenzhan Xu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rongjun Xie
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Materials Science, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Yiğit M, Demir Y, Arınç A, Yiğit B, Koca M, Özdemir İ, Gulcin I. Synthesis and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Quinoxaline Bridged Bis(imidazolium) Salts. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Wang Y, Chang JP, Xu R, Bai S, Wang D, Yang GP, Sun LY, Li P, Han YF. N-Heterocyclic carbenes and their precursors in functionalised porous materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13559-13586. [PMID: 34783804 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Though N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as diverse and powerful discrete functional molecules in pharmaceutics, nanotechnology, and catalysis over decades, the heterogenization of NHCs and their precursors for broader applications in porous materials, like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous coordination polymers (PCPs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), and porous organometallic cages (POMCs) was not extensively studied until the last ten years. By de novo or post-synthetic modification (PSM) methods, myriads of NHCs and their precursors containing building blocks were designed and integrated into MOFs, PCPs, COFs, POPs and POMCs to form various structures and porosities. Functionalisation with NHCs and their precursors significantly expands the scope of the potential applications of porous materials by tuning the pore surface chemical/physical properties, providing active sites for binding guest molecules and substrates and realizing recyclability. In this review, we summarise and discuss the recent progress on the synthetic methods, structural features, and promising applications of NHCs and their precursors in functionalised porous materials. At the end, a brief perspective on the encouraging future prospects and challenges in this contemporary field is presented. This review will serve as a guide for researchers to design and synthesize more novel porous materials functionalised with NHCs and their precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Ping Chang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
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4
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Smith CA, Narouz MR, Lummis PA, Singh I, Nazemi A, Li CH, Crudden CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Materials Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4986-5056. [PMID: 30938514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become one of the most widely studied class of ligands in molecular chemistry and have found applications in fields as varied as catalysis, the stabilization of reactive molecular fragments, and biochemistry. More recently, NHCs have found applications in materials chemistry and have allowed for the functionalization of surfaces, polymers, nanoparticles, and discrete, well-defined clusters. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at recent advances in the use of NHCs for the development of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christene A Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Paul A Lummis
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, ITbM-WPI , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Chikusa 464-8601 , Japan
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5
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Danopoulos AA, Simler T, Braunstein P. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3730-3961. [PMID: 30843688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands across the Periodic Table had an impact on various aspects of the coordination, organometallic, and catalytic chemistry of the 3d metals, including Cu, Ni, and Co, both from the fundamental viewpoint but also in applications, including catalysis, photophysics, bioorganometallic chemistry, materials, etc. In this review, the emergence, development, and state of the art in these three areas are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , Athens GR 15771 , Greece.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
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Self-assembled ruthenium (II) metallacycles and metallacages with imidazole-based ligands and their in vitro anticancer activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4090-4098. [PMID: 30765514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818677116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six tetranuclear rectangular metallacycles were synthesized via the [2+2] coordination-driven self-assembly of imidazole-based ditopic donor 1,4-bis(imidazole-1-yl)benzene and 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene, with dinuclear half-sandwich p-cymene ruthenium(II) acceptors [Ru2(µ-η4-oxalato)(η6-p-cymene)2](SO3CF3)2, [Ru2(µ-η4-2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzoquinonato)(η6-p-cymene)2](SO3CF3)2 and [Ru2(µ-η4-5,8-dioxido-1,4-naphtoquinonato)(η6-p-cymene)2](SO3CF3)2, respectively. Likewise, three hexanuclear trigonal prismatic metallacages were prepared via the [2+3] self-assembly of tritopic donor of 1,3,5-tri(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene with these ruthenium(II) acceptors respectively. Self-selection of the single symmetrical and stable metallacycle and cage was observed although there is the possibility of forming different conformational isomeric products due to different binding modes of these imidazole-based donors. The self-assembled macrocycles and cage containing the 5,8-dioxido-1,4-naphtoquinonato (donq) spacer exhibited good anticancer activity on all tested cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HeLa, A549, and HepG-2), and showed decreased cytotoxicities in HBE and THLE-2 normal cells. The effect of Ru and imidazole moiety of these assemblies on the anticancer activity was discussed. The study of binding ability of these donq-based Ru assemblies with ctDNA indicated that the complex 9 with 180° linear 1 ligand has the highest bonding constant K b to ctDNA.
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7
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Achar G, C. R. S, Patil SA, Małecki JG, Budagumpi S. Coumarin-substituted 1,2,4-triazole-derived silver(i) and gold(i) complexes: synthesis, characterization and anticancer studies. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02927j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of coumarin-substituted 1,2,4-triazolium salts and their respective silver– and gold– N-heterocyclic carbene complexes have been reported. The complexes displayed promising anticancer activity with GI50 values of up to 0.354 μM and 8.5983 μM against MCF 7 and HT-29 cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Achar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Ramanagaram
- India
| | - Shahini C. R.
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Ramanagaram
- India
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences
- Jain University
- Ramanagaram
- India
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Department of Crystallography
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Silesia
- 40-006 Katowice
- Poland
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8
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Gan MM, Liu JQ, Zhang L, Wang YY, Hahn FE, Han YF. Preparation and Post-Assembly Modification of Metallosupramolecular Assemblies from Poly(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Ligands. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9587-9641. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Gan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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9
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Asay M, Quezada-Miriel M, Ochoa-Sanfelice JR, Martinez-Otero D. 2,6-Lutidine-linked bis-saturated NHC pincer ligands, silver complexes and transmetallation. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Yang YY, Zhou LX, Zheng YQ, Zhu HL. Four new silver-based complexes constructed from 3-nitrophthalic acid and pyrazine-like ligands: Syntheses, crystal structures and photodegradation activities. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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Charra V, de Frémont P, Braunstein P. Multidentate N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of the 3d metals: Synthesis, structure, reactivity and catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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González-Sebastián L, Chaplin AB. Synthesis and complexes of imidazolinylidene-based CCC pincer ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Esteruelas MA, López AM, Oñate E, San-Torcuato A, Tsai JY, Xia C. Formation of Dinuclear Iridium Complexes by NHC-Supported C–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainhoa San-Torcuato
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | - Chuanjun Xia
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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14
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Collado A, Bohnenberger J, Oliva-Madrid MJ, Nun P, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Nolan SP. Synthesis of AuI- and AuIII-Bis(NHC) Complexes: Ligand Influence on Oxidative Addition to AuISpecies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Collado
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - Jan Bohnenberger
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - María-José Oliva-Madrid
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Purdie Building, North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 - S3 9000 Gent Belgium
- Chemistry Department; College of Science; King Saud University; P. O. Box 2455 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Simler T, Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA. Coinage metal complexes with bridging hybrid phosphine-NHC ligands: synthesis of di- and tetra-nuclear complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5122-39. [PMID: 26886084 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of P-NHC-type hybrid ligands containing both PR2 and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) donors on meta-bis-substituted phenylene backbones, L(Cy), L(tBu) and L(Ph) (R = Cy, tBu, Ph, respectively), was accessed through a modular synthesis from a common precursor, and their coordination chemistry with coinage metals was explored and compared. Metallation of L(Ph)·n(HBr) (n = 1, 2) with Ag2O gave the pseudo-cubane [Ag4Br4(L(Ph))2], isostructural to [Ag4Br4(L(R))2] (R = Cy, tBu) (T. Simler, P. Braunstein and A. A. Danopoulos, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2015, 54, 13691), whereas metallation of ·HBF4 (R = Ph, tBu) led to the dinuclear complexes [Ag2(L(R))2](BF4)2 which, in the solid state, feature heteroleptic Ag centres and a 'head-to-tail' (HT) arrangement of the bridging ligands. In solution, interconversion with the homoleptic 'head-to-head' (HH) isomers is facilitated by ligand fluxionality. 'Head-to-tail' [Cu2Br2(L(R))2] (R = Cy, tBu) dinuclear complexes were obtained from L(R)·HBr and [Cu5(Mes)5], Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, which also feature bridging ligands and heteroleptic Cu centres. Although the various ligands L(R)l ed to structurally analogous complexes for R = Cy, tBu and Ph, the rates of dynamic processes occurring in solution are dependent on R, with faster rates for R = Ph. Transmetallation of both NHC and P donor groups from [Ag4Br4(L(tBu))2] to AuI by reaction with [AuCl(THT)] (THT = tetrahydrothiophene) led to L(tBu) transfer and to the dinuclear complex [Au2Cl2L(tBu)] with one L(tBu) ligand bridging the two Au centres. Except for the silver pseudo-cubanes, all other complexes do not exhibit metallophilic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simler
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France and Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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16
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Andrew RE, Storey CM, Chaplin AB. Well-defined coinage metal transfer agents for the synthesis of NHC-based nickel, rhodium and palladium macrocycles. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8937-44. [PMID: 27157720 PMCID: PMC5783018 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With a view to use as carbene transfer agents, well-defined silver(i) and copper(i) complexes of a macrocyclic NHC-based pincer ligand, bearing a central lutidine donor and a dodecamethylene spacer [CNC-(CH2)12, 1], have been prepared. Although the silver adduct is characterised by X-ray diffraction as a dinuclear species anti-[Ag(μ-1)]2(2+), variable temperature measurements indicate dynamic structural interchange in solution involving fragmentation into mononuclear [Ag(1)](+) on the NMR time scale. In contrast, a mononuclear structure is evident in both solution and the solid-state for the analogous copper adduct partnered with the weakly coordinating [BAr(F)4](-) counter anion. A related copper derivative, bearing instead the more coordinating cuprous bromide dianion [Cu2Br4](2-), is notable for the adoption of an interesting tetranuclear assembly in the solid-state, featuring two cuprophilic interactions and two bridging NHC donors, but is not retained on dissolution. Coinage metal precursors [M(1)]n[BAr(F)4]n (M = Ag, n = 2; M = Cu, n = 1) both act as carbene transfer agents to afford palladium, rhodium and nickel complexes of 1 and the effectiveness of these precursors has been evaluated under equivalent reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiann E. Andrew
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road ,
Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Caroline M. Storey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road ,
Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Adrian B. Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road ,
Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
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17
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Gu S, Du J, Huang J, Xia H, Yang L, Xu W, Lu C. Bi- and trinuclear copper(I) complexes of 1,2,3-triazole-tethered NHC ligands: synthesis, structure, and catalytic properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:863-73. [PMID: 27340477 PMCID: PMC4901887 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of copper complexes (3–6) stabilized by 1,2,3-triazole-tethered N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been prepared via simple reaction of imidazolium salts with copper powder in good yields. The structures of bi- and trinuclear copper complexes were fully characterized by NMR, elemental analysis (EA), and X-ray crystallography. In particular, [Cu2(L2)2](PF6)2 (3) and [Cu2(L3)2](PF6)2 (4) were dinuclear copper complexes. Complexes [Cu3(L4)2](PF6)3 (5) and [Cu3(L5)2](PF6)3 (6) consist of a triangular Cu3 core. These structures vary depending on the imidazolium backbone and N substituents. The copper–NHC complexes tested are highly active for the Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in an air atmosphere at room temperature in a CH3CN solution. Complex 4 is the most efficient catalyst among these polynuclear complexes in an air atmosphere at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojin Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehao Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China; College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxin Lu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, People's Republic of China
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18
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Monticelli M, Tubaro C, Baron M, Basato M, Sgarbossa P, Graiff C, Accorsi G, Pell TP, Wilson DJD, Barnard PJ. Metal complexes with di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands bearing a rigid ortho-, meta or para-phenylene bridge. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9540-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ag(i) complexes with diNHC ligands are efficient transmetalating agents towards transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Marco Baron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Marino Basato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Paolo Sgarbossa
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43100 Parma
- Italy
| | - Gianluca Accorsi
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne
- University of Salento
- 73100 Lecce
- Italy
| | - Thomas P. Pell
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Australia
| | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Australia
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19
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Simler T, Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA. Relative Lability and Chemoselective Transmetallation of NHC in Hybrid Phosphine-NHC Ligands: Access to Heterometallic Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Simler T, Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA. Relative Lability and Chemoselective Transmetallation of NHC in Hybrid Phosphine-NHC Ligands: Access to Heterometallic Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13691-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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