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Prabaharan R, Arunachalam A, Rengan R. Analysis of antiproliferative activity of new half-sandwich arene Ru(II) thiophene based aroylhydrazone complexes. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39069794 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Efforts in researching the efficient anti-tumor properties of three novel arene ruthenium(II) complexes incorporating thiophene-based aroylhydrazone ligands have been undertaken. The complexes' elemental composition was [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(L)Cl]. They were comprehensively characterized through elemental and spectroscopic analyses (FT-IR, UV-vis, NMR, and HR-MS). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed a pseudo-octahedral geometry with bidentate coordination of the ligands in a representative complex. The in vitro assessment of the complexes' cancer cell growth inhibition was conducted using the MTT assay against A549 (human lung carcinoma), HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), HuH-7 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and NIH-3T3 (mouse fibroblast non-cancerous cell line). Results indicated significant cytotoxicity across all cancer cell lines, with IC50 concentrations of complex 2 being 6.8 μM for A549, 11.6 μM for HeLa, and 9.4 μM for HuH-7, compared to cisplatin with IC50 values of 18.9 μM, 17.68 μM, and 24 μM respectively. Notably, complex 2 demonstrated particularly promising cytotoxicity against all tested cancerous cell lines. Fluorescent staining analysis such as acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO-EB) and HOECHST 33342 revealed cell death mechanisms involving membrane disintegration and nuclear condensation following treatment with complex 2. Further studies were conducted to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using the JC-1 dye assay. These studies demonstrated that complex 2 increased ROS levels, decreased membrane potential, and promoted mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated cell death pathways. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis, utilizing dual staining of Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI), was employed to quantitatively study apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Prabaharan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, India.
| | - Abirami Arunachalam
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, India.
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, India.
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2
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Guin PS, Roy S. Recently Reported Ru-Metal Organic Coordination Complexes and Their Application (A Review). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222080242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Shahzad K, Asad M, Asiri AM, Irfan M, Iqbal MA. In-vitro anticancer profile of recent ruthenium complexes against liver cancer. REV INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes are considered as the most favorable alternatives to traditional platinum-based cancer drugs owing to their acceptable toxicity level, selectivity, variant oxidation states and ability to treat platinum-resistant cancer cells. They have similar ligand exchange kinetics as platinum drugs but can be tailored according to our desire by ligands influence. In the current study, we illustrate the in-vitro anticancer profile of some ruthenium complexes (2016–2021) against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). The anticancer activity of ruthenium complexes is determined by comparing their IC50 values with one another and positive controls. Fortunately, some ruthenium complexes including 3, 4, 6, 14, 15, 20, 42, and 48 exhibit surpassed in-vitro anticancer profile than that of positive controls promising as potential candidates against liver cancer. We also explored the structure-activity relationship (SAR) which is a key factor in the rational designing and synthesis of new ruthenium drugs. It covers the factors affecting anticancer activity including lipophilicity, planarity, area and bulkiness, the steric influence of different ligands, and electronic effects induced by ligands, stability, aqueous solubility and bioavailability to the target sites. The data reported here will provide strong support in the plausible design and synthesis of ruthenium anticancer drugs in the upcoming days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) , King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203 , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203 , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) , King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203 , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203 , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
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4
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Banerjee S, Banerjee S. Metal-Based Complexes as Potential Anti-cancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2684-2707. [PMID: 35362388 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220331085144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal based therapy is no new in biomedical research. In early days the biggest limitation was the inequality among therapeutical and toxicological dosages. Ever since, Barnett Rosenberg discovered cisplatin, a new era has begun to treat cancer with metal complexes. Platinum complexes such as oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin, seem to be the foundation of metal/s-based components to challenge malignancies. With an advancement in the biomolemoecular mechanism, researchers have started developing non-classical platinum-based complexes, where a different mechanistic approach of the complexes is observed towards the biomolecular target. Till date, larger number of metal/s-based complexes was synthesized by overhauling the present structures chemically by substituting the ligand or preparing the whole novel component with improved cytotoxic and safety profiles. Howsoever, due to elevated accentuation upon the therapeutic importance of metal/s-based components, a couple of those agents are at present on clinical trials and several other are in anticipating regulatory endorsement to enter the trial. This literature highlights the detailed heterometallic multinuclear components, primarily focusing on platinum, ruthenium, gold and remarks on possible stability, synergism, mechanistic studies and structure activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol-713301, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol-713301, West Bengal, India
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5
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Prabaharan R, Rengan R, Umapathy D, Arockiam AJV, Małecki JG. Assessment of antiproliferative activity of new half‐sandwich arene Ru (II) furylbenzhydrazone complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Prabaharan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Devan Umapathy
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India
| | | | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Department of Crystallography Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia Katowice Poland
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6
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Design concepts of half-sandwich organoruthenium anticancer agents based on bidentate bioactive ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Lapasam A, Shadap L, Tripathi DK, Poluri KM, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. Arene ruthenium, rhodium and iridium complexes containing N∩O chelating ligands: synthesis, antibacterial and antioxidant studies. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1963439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agreeda Lapasam
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Lathewdeipor Shadap
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohan Rao Kollipara
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
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8
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Sathiya Kamatchi T, Mohamed Subarkhan MK, Ramesh R, Wang H, Małecki JG. Investigation into antiproliferative activity and apoptosis mechanism of new arene Ru(ii) carbazole-based hydrazone complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:11385-11395. [PMID: 32776042 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes with bioactive ligands are becoming promising substitutes for platinum complexes due to their precise action against various cancers. In the present study, the synthesis of three new arene Ru(ii) complexes containing new carbazole-based hydrazone ligands of general formula [(η6-benzene)Ru(L)Cl] (1-3; L = carbazolone benzhydrazone ligands), and their anticancer properties are described. The structural characterization of the ligands and their ruthenium complexes has been realized with the aid of elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, NMR and HR-MS techniques. The molecular structures of all three complexes have been elucidated by single crystal X-ray crystallography and reveal the existence of pseudo-octahedral geometry around the ruthenium. The in vitro cancer cell growth inhibition property of the complexes against A549 (lung carcinoma), A2780 (ovarian adenocarcinoma) and non-cancerous 16HBE (human lung bronchial epithelium) cells were examined by MTT assay. All the complexes display good cytotoxicity towards both of these types of cancer cell compared to the standard drug cisplatin, with low IC50 values. Remarkably, complex 3, which contains an electron-donating substituent, induces a significant reduction of viability in A2780 cells. The inhibition capacity of the complexes towards A2780 cells proliferation was further confirmed using 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay via minimal DNA synthesis. The result of the acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) fluorescent staining assay establishes that the cytotoxicity of the complexes was mediated by apoptosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) double staining determines the quantitative discrimination of early apoptosis by the externalization of phosphatidylserine. In addition, cell cycle distribution indicates that the complexes block the cell cycle progression in the S-phase. The outcome of our investigation shows the promising scope and potency of tailored arene ruthenium complexes for precise cancer chemotherapy beyond platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Sathiya Kamatchi
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohamed Kasim Mohamed Subarkhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Rengan Ramesh
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
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9
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Vyas KM, Sharma D, Magani SKJ, Mobin SM, Mukhopadhyay S. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity and antimetastatic properties of novel arene ruthenium(II)‐tetrazolato compounds on human cancer cell lines. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Komal M. Vyas
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 India
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 India
| | - Deepu Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
| | - Sri Krishna Jayadev Magani
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552 India
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10
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Shadap L, Agarwal N, Chetry V, Poluri KM, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. Arene ruthenium, rhodium and iridium complexes containing benzamide derivative ligands: Study of interesting bonding modes, antibacterial, antioxidant and DNA binding studies. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Vinoth G, Indira S, Bharathi M, Alves LG, Martins AM, Shanmuga Bharathi K. Cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by half-sandwich (η6-p-cymene) Ruthenium(II) complexes bearing heterocyclic hydrazone derivatives. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Haribabu J, Srividya S, Umapathi R, Gayathri D, Venkatesu P, Bhuvanesh N, Karvembu R. Enhanced anticancer activity of half-sandwich Ru(II)-p-cymene complex bearing heterocyclic hydrazone ligand. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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Balaji S, Mohamed Subarkhan MK, Ramesh R, Wang H, Semeril D. Synthesis and Structure of Arene Ru(II) N∧O-Chelating Complexes: In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Cancer Cell Death Mechanism. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundarraman Balaji
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Mohamed Kasim Mohamed Subarkhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Rengan Ramesh
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - David Semeril
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67008, France
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14
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Khan TA, Bhar K, Thirumoorthi R, Roy TK, Sharma AK. Design, synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the anticancer activity of water-soluble half-sandwich ruthenium(ii) arene halido complexes. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03663f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, crystal structure determination, DFT studies, experimental and theoretical evaluation of DNA/BSA interactions and cytotoxicity studies of three piano-stool Ru(ii)(p-cymene)chloride complexes (1–3) are presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy
- Central University of Rajasthan
- District Ajmer
- India
| | - Kishalay Bhar
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy
- Central University of Rajasthan
- District Ajmer
- India
| | - Ramalingam Thirumoorthi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy
- Central University of Rajasthan
- District Ajmer
- India
| | - Tapta Kanchan Roy
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Sciences
- Central University of Jammu
- Jammu-181143
- India
| | - Anuj K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy
- Central University of Rajasthan
- District Ajmer
- India
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15
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Welsh A, Rylands LI, Arion VB, Prince S, Smith GS. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of benzimidazole-based, trinuclear neutral cyclometallated and cationic, N^N-chelated ruthenium(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1143-1156. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03902c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenyl and 2-pyridyl tris-benzimidazole ligands was reacted with the [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 dimer to yield the corresponding neutral cyclometallated and cationic trinuclear organoruthenium(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athi Welsh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Cape Town
- South Africa
| | - Laa-iqa Rylands
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Cape Town
- South Africa
| | - Vladimir B. Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology
- University of Cape Town
- Faculty of Health Science
- South Africa
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Cape Town
- South Africa
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16
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Liu H, Xiong Z, Li M, Chen T. Ruthenium arene complex induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through activation of P53-mediated signaling pathways. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Lyngdoh Mawnai I, Adhikari S, Dkhar L, Lakshmi Tyagi J, Mohan Poluri K, Kollipara MR. Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of half-sandwich arene platinum group complexes containing pyridylpyrazolyl ligands. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1556791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjay Adhikari
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Lincoln Dkhar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Jaya Lakshmi Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Mohan Rao Kollipara
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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18
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K.S. N, Eswaran J, M. T, Nattamai S.P B, M.A. N, Velusamy KM. Organoruthenium (II) complexes featuring pyrazole-linked Schiff base ligands: Crystal structure, DNA/BSA interactions, cytotoxicity and molecular docking. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neethu K.S.
- Inorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore 641 046 India
| | - Jayanthi Eswaran
- Department of Chemistry; Kongunadu Arts and Science College; Coimbatore 641049 India
| | - Theetharappan M.
- Chemistry Research Centre, National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti 628503 Thoothukudi District Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Neelakantan M.A.
- Chemistry Research Centre, National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti 628503 Thoothukudi District Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kaveri M. Velusamy
- Inorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore 641 046 India
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19
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Synthesis of strained complexes of arene d6 metals with benzoylthiourea and their spectral studies. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Mohamed Kasim MS, Sundar S, Rengan R. Synthesis and structure of new binuclear ruthenium(ii) arene benzil bis(benzoylhydrazone) complexes: investigation on antiproliferative activity and apoptosis induction. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00761b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New binuclear Ru(ii) arene benzil bis(benzoylhydrazone) complexes show excellent cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. The results of biochemical assays demonstrated that complexes are able to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saranya Sundar
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
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21
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NO Exchange for a Water Molecule Favorably Changes Iontophoretic Release of Ruthenium Complexes to the Skin. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010104. [PMID: 28075339 PMCID: PMC6155882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium (Ru) complexes have been studied as promising anticancer agents. Ru nitrosyl complex (Ru-NO) is one which acts as a pro-drug for the release of nitric oxide (NO). The Ru-aqueous complex formed by the exchange of NO for a water molecule after NO release could also possess therapeutic effects. This study evaluates the influence of iontophoresis on enhancing the skin penetration of Ru-NO and Ru-aqueous and assesses its applicability as a tool in treating diverse skin diseases. Passive and iontophoretic (0.5 mA·cm−2) skin permeation of the complexes were performed for 4 h. The amount of Ru and NO in the stratum corneum (SC), viable epidermis (VE), and receptor solution was quantified while the influence of iontophoresis and irradiation on NO release from Ru-NO complex was also evaluated. Iontophoresis increased the amount of Ru-NO and Ru-aqueous recovered from the receptor solution by 15 and 400 times, respectively, as compared to passive permeation. Iontophoresis produced a higher accumulation of Ru-aqueous in the skin layers as compared to Ru-NO. At least 50% of Ru-NO penetrated the SC was stable after 4 h. The presence of Ru-NO in this skin layer suggests that further controlled release of NO can be achieved by photo-stimulation after iontophoresis.
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22
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Tabrizi L, Chiniforoshan H. Ruthenium(II) p-cymene complexes of naphthoquinone derivatives as antitumor agents: A structure−activity relationship study. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Adhikari S, Palepu NR, Sutradhar D, Shepherd SL, Phillips RM, Kaminsky W, Chandra AK, Kollipara MR. Neutral and cationic half-sandwich arene ruthenium, Cp*Rh and Cp*Ir oximato and oxime complexes: Synthesis, structural, DFT and biological studies. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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