1
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Gobbo A, Chen F, Zacchini S, Gou S, Marchetti F. Enhanced DNA damage and anti-proliferative activity of a novel ruthenium complex with a chlorambucil-decorated ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 260:112703. [PMID: 39182331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphine substitution reactions of [RuCl(PPh3)2(tpm)]Cl, 1, featuring tris(pyrazolyl)methane (tpm) as ligand, with the chlorambucil-decorated pyridine ligand PyCA, 3-aminopyridine (PyNH2) and 4-pyridinemethanol (PyOH) afforded the corresponding pyridine complexes 2-4 in high yields. PyCA was preliminarily obtained via esterification of 4-pyridinemethanol with chlorambucil. The new compounds PyCA and 2-3 were characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, the structure of 3 was ascertained by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The in vitro anti-proliferative activity of 2-4 and PyCA was determined against a panel of cancer cell lines, outlining 2 as the most performing compound. Targeted studies were subsequently undertaken using 2 to elucidate mechanistic aspects, including the assessment of ruthenium cellular uptake, cell cycle arrest, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), western blotting and DNA damage (comet test). Overall, data highlight that the anticancer activity provided by 2 primarily affects the mitochondria pathway with a potential additional contribution from DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gobbo
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry, and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Feihong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- University of Bologna, Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Via P. Gobetti 85, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry, and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Bresciani G, Cervinka J, Kostrhunova H, Biancalana L, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Novohradsky V, Brabec V, Marchetti F, Kasparkova J. N-Indolyl diiron vinyliminium complexes exhibit antiproliferative effects in cancer cells associated with disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, ROS scavenging, and antioxidant activity. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110742. [PMID: 37802407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The indole scaffold has been established as a key organic moiety for developing new drugs; on the other hand, a range of diiron bis-cyclopentadienyl complexes have recently emerged for their promising anticancer potential. Here, we report the synthesis of novel diiron complexes with an indole-functionalized vinyliminium ligand (2-5) and an indole-lacking analogue for comparative purposes (6), which were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Complexes 2-6 are substantially stable in DMSO‑d6 and DMEM-d solutions at 37 °C (8% average degradation after 48 h) and display a balanced hydrophilic/lipophilic behaviour (LogPow values in the range -0.32 to 0.47), associated with appreciable water solubility. The complexes display selective antiproliferative potency towards several cancer cells in monolayer cultures, mainly in the low micromolar range, with reduced toxicity towards noncancerous epithelial cells. Thus, the cytotoxicity of the complexes is comparable to or better than clinically used metallopharmaceutical cisplatin. Comparing the antiproliferative activity obtained for complexes containing different ligands, we confirmed the importance of the indolyl group in the mechanism of antiproliferative activity of these complexes. Cell-based mechanistic studies suggest that the investigated diiron vinyliminium complexes (DVCs) show cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects and subsequently induce a population of cells to undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of action involves interactions with mitochondrial DNA and proteins, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging properties and antioxidant activity of these complexes in cancer cells. This study highlights the importance of DVCs to their cancer cell activity and reinforces their prospective therapeutic potential as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jakub Cervinka
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Via Torino 155, I-30175, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biophysics, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Bonaldi L, Bortoluzzi M, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G, Marchetti F, Biancalana L. Triazine Chalcogenones from Thiocyanate or Selenocyanate Addition to Tetrazine Ligands in Ruthenium Arene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7814-7833. [PMID: 37167024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of 1,2,4,5-tetrazines has attracted considerable interest both from a synthetic and applicative standpoint. Recently, regioselective reactions with alkynes and alkenes have been reported to be favored once the tetrazine ring is coordinated to Re(I), Ru(II), and Ir(III) centers. Aiming to further explore the effects of metal coordination, herein, we unveil the unexplored reactivity of tetrazines with chalcogenocyanate anions. Thus, ruthenium(II) tetrazine complexes, [RuCl{κ2N-3-(2-pyridyl)-6-R-1,2,4,5-tetrazine}(η6-arene)]+ (arene = p-cymene, R = H, [1a]+, R = Me, [1b]+, R = 2-pyridyl, [1c]+; arene = C6Me6, R = H, [1d]+, R = Me, [1e]+; PF6- salts), reacted quantitatively and in mild conditions with M(ECN) salts (M = Na, K, Bu4N; E = O, S, Se). The addition of thiocyanate or selenocyanate to the tetrazine ligand is regioselective and afforded, via N2 release, 1,2,4-triazine-5-chalcogenone heterocycles, the one with selenium being unprecedented. The novel ruthenium complexes [RuCl{κ2N-(2-pyridyl)}{triazine chalcogenone}(η6-arene)] 2a-e (sulfur), 3b, 3d, and 3e (selenium) were characterized by analytical (CHNS analyses, conductivity), spectroscopic (IR, multinuclear and two-dimensional (2D) NMR), and spectrometric (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)) techniques. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the nucleophilic attack of SCN- on the tetrazine ring is kinetically driven. Compound 2b is selectively and reversibly mono-protonated on the triazine ring by HCl or other strong acids, affording a single tautomer. When reactions of chalcogenocyanates were performed on the 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) complex [RuCl(bpy)(η6-p-cymene)]+, the chloride substitution products [Ru(ECN)(bpy)(η6-p-cymene)]+ (E = O, [4]+; E = S, [5]+; E = Se, [6]+) were obtained in 82-90% yields (PF6- salts). Combined spectroscopic data (IR, 1H/13C/77Se NMR) was revealed to be a useful tool to study the linkage isomerism of the chalcogenocyanate ligand in [4-6]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bonaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30175 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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4
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de Araujo-Neto JH, Guedes APM, Leite CM, Moraes CAF, Santos AL, Brito RDS, Rocha TL, Mello-Andrade F, Ellena J, Batista AA. "Half-Sandwich" Ruthenium Complexes with Alizarin as Anticancer Agents: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6955-6969. [PMID: 37099760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Upon exploration of the chemistry of the combination of ruthenium/arene with anthraquinone alizarin (L), three new complexes with the general formulas [Ru(L)Cl(η6-p-cymene)] (C1), [Ru(L)(η6-p-cymene)(PPh3)]PF6 (C2), and [Ru(L)(η6-p-cymene)(PEt3)]PF6 (C3) were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic techniques (mass, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR), molar conductivity, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Complex C1 exhibited fluorescence, such as free alizarin, while in C2 and C3, the emission was probably quenched by monophosphines and the crystallographic data showed that hydrophobic interactions are predominant in intermolecular contacts. The cytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated in the MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and A549 (lung) tumor cell lines and MCF-10A (breast) and MRC-5 (lung) nontumor cell lines. Complexes C1 and C2 were more selective to the breast tumor cell lines, and C2 was the most cytotoxic (IC50 = 6.5 μM for MDA-MB-231). In addition, compound C1 performs a covalent interaction with DNA, while C2 and C3 present only weak interactions; however, internalization studies by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed that complex C1 does not accumulate in viable MDA-MB-231 cells and is detected in the cytoplasm only after cell permeabilization. Investigations of the mechanism of action of the complexes indicate that C2 promotes cell cycle arrest in the Sub-G1 phase in MDA-MB-231, inhibits its colony formation, and has a possible antimetastatic action, impeding cell migration in the wound-healing experiment (13% of wound healing in 24 h). The in vivo toxicological experiments with zebrafish indicate that C1 and C3 exhibit the most zebrafish embryo developmental toxicity (inhibition of spontaneous movements and heartbeats), while C2, the most promising anticancer drug in the in vitro preclinical tests, revealed the lowest toxicity in in vivo preclinical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Honorato de Araujo-Neto
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Adriana P M Guedes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Celisnolia M Leite
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Carlos André F Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Andressa L Santos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Rafaella da S Brito
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Rocha
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-050, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia (IFG), Goiânia, Goiás 74055-110, Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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5
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Guk DA, Gibadullina KR, Burlutskiy RO, Pavlov KG, Moiseeva AA, Tafeenko VA, Lyssenko KA, Gandalipov ER, Shtil AA, Beloglazkina EK. New Titanocene (IV) Dicarboxylates with Potential Cytotoxicity: Synthesis, Structure, Stability and Electrochemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043340. [PMID: 36834751 PMCID: PMC9964323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new anticancer drugs based on biogenic metals, which have weaker side effects compared to platinum-based drugs, remains an urgent task in medicinal chemistry. Titanocene dichloride, a coordination compound of fully biocompatible titanium, has failed in pre-clinical trials but continues to attract the attention of researchers as a structural framework for the development of new cytotoxic compounds. In this study, a series of titanocene (IV) carboxylate complexes, both new and those known from the literature, was synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by a complex of physicochemical methods and X-ray diffraction analysis (including one previously unknown structure based on perfluorinated benzoic acid). The comprehensive comparison of three approaches for the synthesis of titanocene derivatives known from the literature (the nucleophilic substitution of chloride anions of titanocene dichloride with sodium and silver salts of carboxylic acids as well as the reaction of dimethyltitanocene with carboxylic acids themselves) made it possible to optimize these methods to obtain higher yields of individual target compounds, generalize the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, and determine the substrate frames of each method. The redox potentials of all obtained titanocene derivatives were determined by cyclic voltammetry. The relationship between the structure of ligands, the reduction potentials of titanocene (IV), and their relative stability in redox processes, as obtained in this work, can be used for the design and synthesis of new effective cytotoxic titanocene complexes. The study of the stability of the carboxylate-containing derivatives of titanocene obtained in the work in aqueous media showed that they were more resistant to hydrolysis than titanocene dichloride. Preliminary tests of the cytotoxicity of the synthesised titanocene dicarboxilates on MCF7 and MCF7-10A cell lines demonstrated an IC50 ≥ 100 μM for all the obtained compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Guk
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Karina R. Gibadullina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman O. Burlutskiy
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill G. Pavlov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Moiseeva
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Erik R. Gandalipov
- International Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosov Street, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Shtil
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cyber Intelligence Systems, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 31 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena K. Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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6
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Iacopini D, Vančo J, Di Pietro S, Bordoni V, Zacchini S, Marchetti F, Dvořák Z, Malina T, Biancalana L, Trávníček Z, Di Bussolo V. New glycoconjugation strategies for Ruthenium(II) arene complexes via phosphane ligands and assessment of their antiproliferative activity. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Cervinka J, Gobbo A, Biancalana L, Markova L, Novohradsky V, Guelfi M, Zacchini S, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Marchetti F. Ruthenium(II)-Tris-pyrazolylmethane Complexes Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth by Disrupting Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10567-10587. [PMID: 35913426 PMCID: PMC9376960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
While ruthenium arene complexes have been widely investigated
for
their medicinal potential, studies on homologous compounds containing
a tridentate tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane ligand are almost absent in
the literature. Ruthenium(II) complex 1 was obtained
by a modified reported procedure; then, the reactions with a series
of organic molecules (L) in boiling alcohol afforded novel complexes 2–9 in 77–99% yields. Products 2–9 were fully structurally characterized. They are
appreciably soluble in water, where they undergo partial chloride/water
exchange. The antiproliferative activity was determined using a panel
of human cancer cell lines and a noncancerous one, evidencing promising
potency of 1, 7, and 8 and
significant selectivity toward cancer cells. The tested compounds
effectively accumulate in cancer cells, and mitochondria represent
a significant target of biological action. Most notably, data provide
convincing evidence that the mechanism of biological action is mediated
by the inhibiting of mitochondrial calcium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Cervinka
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lenka Markova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Massimo Guelfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biophysics, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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8
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Gobbo A, Pereira SAP, Biancalana L, Zacchini S, Saraiva MLMFS, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. Anticancer ruthenium( ii) tris(pyrazolyl)methane complexes with bioactive co-ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17050-17063. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New anticancer RuII-tpm complexes are presented, including a synthetic strategy to tether bioactive molecules to the metallic scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gobbo
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sarah A. P. Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- University of Bologna, Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Lúcia M. F. S. Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Bresciani G, Busto N, Ceccherini V, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Garcia B, Marchetti F. Screening the biological properties of transition metal carbamates reveals gold(I) and silver(I) complexes as potent cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111667. [PMID: 34826692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a screening study aimed to assess for the first time the air- and water-stability and the biological potential of simple metal-carbamates. These molecular metallic species are based on elements belonging to the groups 4-5, 7-9 and 11, and tin, and are easily available from inexpensive reagents. Complexes [Ag(O2CNEt2)] (13-Ag) and [Au(O2CNMe2)(PPh3)] (14-Au) resulted substantially stable in aqueous media and exhibited a potent in vitro cytotoxicity. Especially 13-Ag revealed a significant selectivity against the A549 lung adenocarcinoma and the A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines with respect to the noncancerous HEK293 cell line. Generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were recognized for 13-Ag and 14-Au; notwithstanding, the cell death mechanism is different in the two cases: apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase for 13-Ag; necroptosis and cell cycle arrest in S phase for 14-Au. Both 13-Ag and 14-Au are endowed with antibacterial activity, which is relatively stronger for 13-Ag towards Gram negative and for 14-Au towards Gram positive strains, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Natalia Busto
- University of Burgos, Department of Chemistry, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Valentina Ceccherini
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- University of Venezia "Ca' Foscari", Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Begoña Garcia
- University of Burgos, Department of Chemistry, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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10
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Biancalana L, Zanda E, Hadiji M, Zacchini S, Pratesi A, Pampaloni G, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. Role of the (pseudo)halido ligand in ruthenium(II) p-cymene α-amino acid complexes in speciation, protein reactivity and cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15760-15777. [PMID: 34704998 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the dimeric complexes [RuX2(η6-p-cymene)]2 (X = Br, I, SCN) with L-proline (ProH) and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (HypH), in methanol in the presence of NaOH, afforded [RuX(κ2N,O-Pro)(η6-p-cymene)] (X = Br, 1b; I, 1c; SCN, 1d) and [RuX(κ2N,O-Hyp)(η6-p-cymene)] (X = Br, 2b; I, 2c; SCN, 2d), respectively. Alternatively, the one-pot, sequential addition of the appropriate α-amino carboxylate and X- salt to [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)]2 led to [RuX(κ2N,O-Pro)(η6-p-cymene)] (X = N3, 1e; NO2, 1f; CN 1g) and [Ru(N3)(κ2N,O-Hyp)(η6-p-cymene)] (2e). Complexes [Ru(κ3N,O,O'-O2CCH(NH2)(R)O)(η6-p-cymene)] (R = CH2, 3h; R = CHMe, 4h; R = CH2CH2, 5h) were prepared from the reaction of [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)]2 with the appropriate α-amino acid and NaOH in refluxing isopropanol. Treatment of the L-serine (SerH2) derivative [RuCl(κ2N,O-SerH)(η6-p-cymene)] (3a) with 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) in water at reflux produced [Ru(κ2N,O-Ser)(κP-PTA)(η6-p-cymene)]Cl ([3i]Cl). The products were isolated in good to excellent yields, and were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The structures of 1f and 2b-e were ascertained by X-ray diffraction studies. The behaviour of the complexes in water and cell culture medium was investigated by multinuclear NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, revealing a considerable influence of the monodentate ligand on the aqueous chemistry. Complexes 1d-e, 2d-e, 3h, 4h and [3i]Cl, showing substantial inertness in aqueous media, were assessed for their cytotoxicity towards A2780 and A2780cisR cancer cell lines and the noncancerous HEK 293T cell line. A selection of compounds was also investigated for Ru uptake in A2780 cells and interactions with cytochrome c as a model protein. Combined, these studies provide insights into the previously debated role of the 'leaving' ligand on the biological activity of Ru(II) arene α-amino acid complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Zanda
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mouna Hadiji
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Rubio AR, González R, Busto N, Vaquero M, Iglesias AL, Jalón FA, Espino G, Rodríguez AM, García B, Manzano BR. Anticancer Activity of Half-Sandwich Ru, Rh and Ir Complexes with Chrysin Derived Ligands: Strong Effect of the Side Chain in the Ligand and Influence of the Metal. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1540. [PMID: 34683834 PMCID: PMC8537477 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in the field of anticancer chemotherapy is the search for new species to overcome the resistance of standard drugs. An interesting approach is to link bioactive ligands to metal fragments. In this work, we have synthesized a set of p-cymene-Ru or cyclopentadienyl-M (M = Rh, Ir) complexes with four chrysin-derived pro-ligands with different -OR substituents at position 7 of ring A. The introduction of a piperidine ring on chrysin led to the highly cytotoxic pro-ligand HL4 and its metal complexes L4-M (SW480 and A549 cell lines, cytotoxic order: L4-Ir > L4-Ru ≈ L4-Rh). HL4 and its complexes induce apoptosis and can overcome cis-platinum resistance. However, HL4 turns out to be more cytotoxic in healthy than in tumor cells in contrast to its metal complexes which displayed higher selectivity than cisplatin towards cancer cells. All L4-M complexes interact with double stranded DNA. Nonetheless, the influence of the metal is clear because only complex L4-Ir causes DNA cleavage, through the generation of highly reactive oxygen species (1O2). This result supports the hypothesis of a potential dual mechanism consisting of two different chemical pathways: DNA binding and ROS generation. This behavior provides this complex with a great effectivity in terms of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Rubio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Rocío González
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Mónica Vaquero
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana L. Iglesias
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología (FCITEC), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario # 1000, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Baja California, Tijuana 21500, Mexico
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 2, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Begoña García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Blanca R. Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
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Bresciani G, Zacchini S, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G. Non-precious metal carbamates as catalysts for the aziridine/CO 2 coupling reaction under mild conditions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5351-5359. [PMID: 33881087 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic potential of a large series of easily available metal carbamates (based on thirteen different non-precious metal elements) was explored for the first time in the coupling reaction between 2-aryl-aziridines and carbon dioxide, working under solventless and ambient conditions and using tetraalkylammonium halides as co-catalysts. The straightforward synthesis of novel [NbCl3(O2CNEt2)2], NbCl, and [NbBr3(O2CNEt2)2], NbBr, is reported. The niobium complex NbCl, in combination with NBu4I, emerged as the best catalyst of the overall series to convert aziridines with small N-alkyl substituents into the corresponding 5-aryl-oxazolidin-2-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. and CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. and CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. and CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy
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Ru(II) Complexes Bearing O, O-Chelated Ligands Induced Apoptosis in A549 Cells through the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2020; 2020:8890950. [PMID: 32879623 PMCID: PMC7448123 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8890950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new Ru(II) complexes containing O, O-chelated ligands, Ru(dip)2(SA) (Ru-1) and Ru(dmp)2(SA) (Ru-2) (dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; SA = salicylate) were synthesized to evaluate their cytotoxicity in vitro. These complexes were found to exhibit moderate antitumor activity to different types of human cancers, including A549 (human lung carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines, but displayed low toxicity to human normal cell lines BEAS-2B (immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells) when compared with that of cisplatin. Further studies revealed that these complexes could induce apoptosis in A549 cells, including activating caspase family proteins and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), reducing Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xl/Bad ratio, enhancing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, triggering DNA damage, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and leading cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Notably, complex Ru-1 showed low toxicity to developing zebrafish embryos. The obtained results suggest that these new synthetic complexes have the potential to be developed as low-toxicity agents for lung cancer treatment.
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Cui M, Guo X, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lin Z, Jia G. Halide Effects on the Stability of Osmium Indenylidene Complexes: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivities. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Aboura W, Batchelor LK, Garci A, Dyson PJ, Therrien B. Reactivity and biological activity of N,N,S-Schiff-base rhodium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Biancalana L, Gruchała M, Batchelor LK, Błauż A, Monti A, Pampaloni G, Rychlik B, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. Conjugating Biotin to Ruthenium(II) Arene Units via Phosphine Ligand Functionalization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Martyna Gruchała
- Cytometry Lab Department of Molecular Biophysics University of Łódź ul. Pomorska 141/143 90‐236 Łódź Poland
| | - Lucinda K. Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab Department of Molecular Biophysics University of Łódź ul. Pomorska 141/143 90‐236 Łódź Poland
| | - Andrea Monti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab Department of Molecular Biophysics University of Łódź ul. Pomorska 141/143 90‐236 Łódź Poland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
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Kowalski K. Insight into the Biological Activity of Organometallic Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Derivatives. Chempluschem 2019; 84:403-415. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- Faculty of Chemistry Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Łódź Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
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Tabares JPG, Santos RLS, Cassiano JL, Zaim MH, Honorato J, Batista AA, Teixeira SF, Ferreira AK, Viana RB, Martínez SQ, Stábile AC, de Oliveira Silva D. A Ru(II)-p-cymene compound bearing naproxen-pyridineamide. Synthesis, spectroscopic studies, computational analysis and in vitro anticancer activity against lung cells compared to Ru(II)-p-cymene-naproxen and the corresponding drug ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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