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El-Bendary MM, Akhdhar A, Al-Bogami AS, Domyati D, Kalantan AA, Alzahrani FA, Alamoudi SM, Sheikh RA, Ali EMM. Palladium and platinum complexes based on pyridine bases induced anticancer effectiveness via apoptosis protein signaling in cancer cells. Biometals 2024; 37:905-921. [PMID: 38361146 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Palladium and platinum complexes, especially those that include cisplatin, can be useful chemotherapeutic drugs. Alternatives that have less adverse effects and require lower dosages of treatment could be provided by complexes containing pyridine bases. The complexes [Pd(SCN)2(4-Acpy)2] (1), [Pd(N3)2(4-Acpy)2] (2) [Pd(paOH)2].2Cl (3) and [Pt(SCN)2(paO)2] (4) were prepared by self-assembly method at ambient temperature; (4-Acpy = 4-acetylpyridine and paOH = pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-oxime). The structure of complexes 1-4 was confirmed using spectroscopic and X-ray crystallography methods. Complexes 1-4 have similar features in isomerism that include the trans coordination geometry of pyridine ligands with Pd or Pt ion. The 3D network structure of complexes 1-4 was constructed by an infinite number of discrete mononuclear molecules extending via H-bonds. The Pd and Pt complexes 1-4 with pyridine ligands were assessed on MCF-7, T47D breast cancer cells and HCT116 colon cancer cells. The study evaluated cell death through apoptosis and cell cycle phases in MCF-7 cells treated with palladium or platinum conjugated with pyridine base. Upon treatment of MCF-7 with these complexes, the expression of apoptotic signals (Bcl2, p53, Bax and c-Myc) and cell cycle signals (p16, CDK1A, CDK1B) were evaluated. Compared to other complexes and cisplatin, IC50 of complex 1 was lowest in MCF-7 cells and complex 2 in T47D cells. Complex 4 has the highest effectiveness on HCT116. The selective index (SI) of complexes 1-4 has a value of more than two for all cancer cell lines, indicating that the complexes were less toxic to normal cells when given the same dose. MCF-7 cells treated with complex 2 and platinum complex 4 exhibited the highest level of early apoptosis. p16 may be signal arrest cells in Sub G, which was observed in cells treated with palladium complexes that suppress excessive cell proliferation. High c-Myc expression of treated cells with four complexes 1-4 and cisplatin could induce p53. All complexes 1-4 elevated the expression of Bax and triggered by the tumor suppressor gene p53. p53 was downregulating the expression of Bcl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M El-Bendary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21959, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah Akhdhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21959, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al-Bogami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21959, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Domyati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21959, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Kalantan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Ay Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, 21911, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samer M Alamoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan A Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Grover A, Kumar A, Tittal RK, Lal K. Dehydroacetic acid a privileged medicinal scaffold: A concise review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300512. [PMID: 37972261 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
From the last decade, research on dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and its derivatives has increased immensely due to its significant role in various fields, including medicine, cosmetics, food industry, and so on. In the medicinal area, DHA plays an essential role in developing novel action-based drugs, which are helpful for treating various diseases. Besides its plethora of biological applications, its chelating ability offers the easiest synthetic route for synthesizing more active metal complexes. DHA derivatives along with their metal complexes show a number of biological activities and also exhibit various interactions with multiple biological targets. This article summarizes recent medicinal applications (2000-onwards) of DHA-based compounds and their analogs, along with their structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis. Their interactions with different target enzymes are also discussed. This information derived from SAR analysis would be helpful for medicinal chemists working on the development of drugs based on heterocyclic frameworks, particularly those based on the DHA scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ram Kumar Tittal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Bonaldi L, Bortoluzzi M, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G, Marchetti F, Biancalana L. Triazine Chalcogenones from Thiocyanate or Selenocyanate Addition to Tetrazine Ligands in Ruthenium Arene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7814-7833. [PMID: 37167024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of 1,2,4,5-tetrazines has attracted considerable interest both from a synthetic and applicative standpoint. Recently, regioselective reactions with alkynes and alkenes have been reported to be favored once the tetrazine ring is coordinated to Re(I), Ru(II), and Ir(III) centers. Aiming to further explore the effects of metal coordination, herein, we unveil the unexplored reactivity of tetrazines with chalcogenocyanate anions. Thus, ruthenium(II) tetrazine complexes, [RuCl{κ2N-3-(2-pyridyl)-6-R-1,2,4,5-tetrazine}(η6-arene)]+ (arene = p-cymene, R = H, [1a]+, R = Me, [1b]+, R = 2-pyridyl, [1c]+; arene = C6Me6, R = H, [1d]+, R = Me, [1e]+; PF6- salts), reacted quantitatively and in mild conditions with M(ECN) salts (M = Na, K, Bu4N; E = O, S, Se). The addition of thiocyanate or selenocyanate to the tetrazine ligand is regioselective and afforded, via N2 release, 1,2,4-triazine-5-chalcogenone heterocycles, the one with selenium being unprecedented. The novel ruthenium complexes [RuCl{κ2N-(2-pyridyl)}{triazine chalcogenone}(η6-arene)] 2a-e (sulfur), 3b, 3d, and 3e (selenium) were characterized by analytical (CHNS analyses, conductivity), spectroscopic (IR, multinuclear and two-dimensional (2D) NMR), and spectrometric (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)) techniques. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the nucleophilic attack of SCN- on the tetrazine ring is kinetically driven. Compound 2b is selectively and reversibly mono-protonated on the triazine ring by HCl or other strong acids, affording a single tautomer. When reactions of chalcogenocyanates were performed on the 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) complex [RuCl(bpy)(η6-p-cymene)]+, the chloride substitution products [Ru(ECN)(bpy)(η6-p-cymene)]+ (E = O, [4]+; E = S, [5]+; E = Se, [6]+) were obtained in 82-90% yields (PF6- salts). Combined spectroscopic data (IR, 1H/13C/77Se NMR) was revealed to be a useful tool to study the linkage isomerism of the chalcogenocyanate ligand in [4-6]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bonaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30175 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Kashina MV, Luzyanin KV, Katlenok E, Novikov AS, Kinzhalov MA. Experimental and Computational Tuning of Metalla-N-Heterocyclic Carbenes at Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Centers. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6718-6734. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00252c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes featuring metalla-N-heterocyclic carbenes (7–12) were synthesised via metal-mediated coupling between equimolar cis-[MCl2(CNR)2] (R = 2,6-Me2C6H3 (Xyl), 2,4,6-Me3C6H3 (Mes)] and 2-aminopyridine or 2-aminopyrazine. Thiocyanate complexes 13–18 with...
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Wang TY, Su YC, Ko BT, Hsu Y, Zeng YF, Hu CH, Datta A, Huang JH. Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone and Styrene Oxide-CO 2 Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Chelated Dehydroacetic Acid-Imine Aluminum Complexes. Molecules 2021; 27:164. [PMID: 35011395 PMCID: PMC8746973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of chelated dehydroacetic acid-imine-based ligands L1H~L4H was synthesized by reacting dehydroacetic acid with 2-t-butylaniline, (S)-1-phenyl-ethylamine, 4-methoxylbenzylamine, and 2-(aminoethyl)pyridine, respectively, in moderate yields. Ligands L1H~L4H reacted with AlMe3 in toluene to afford corresponding compounds AlMe2L1 (1), AlMe2L2 (2), AlMe2L3 (3), and AlMe2L4 (4). All the ligands and aluminum compounds were characterized by IR spectra, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, the ligands L1H~L4H and corresponding aluminum derivatives 1, 3, and 4 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The catalytic activities using these aluminum compounds as catalysts for the ε-caprolactone ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and styrene oxide-CO2 coupling reactions were studied. The results show that increases in the reaction temperature and selective solvent intensify the conversions of ε-caprolactone to polycaprolactone. Regarding the coupling reactions of styrene oxide and CO2, the conversion rate is over 90% for a period of 12 h at 90 °C. This strategy dispenses the origination of cyclic styrene carbonates, which is an appealing concern because of the transformation of CO2 into an inexpensive, renewable and easy excess carbon feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan; (T.-Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.-F.Z.); (C.-H.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Yu-Chia Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.S.); (B.-T.K.)
| | - Bao-Tsan Ko
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.S.); (B.-T.K.)
| | - Yu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan; (T.-Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.-F.Z.); (C.-H.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Yu-Fang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan; (T.-Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.-F.Z.); (C.-H.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Ching-Han Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan; (T.-Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.-F.Z.); (C.-H.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Amitabha Datta
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan; (T.-Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.-F.Z.); (C.-H.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Jui-Hsien Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan; (T.-Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.-F.Z.); (C.-H.H.); (A.D.)
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Design concepts of half-sandwich organoruthenium anticancer agents based on bidentate bioactive ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chernii S, Gerasymchuk Y, Losytskyy M, Szymański D, Tretyakova I, Łukowiak A, Pekhnyo V, Yarmoluk S, Chernii V, Kovalska V. Modification of insulin amyloid aggregation by Zr phthalocyanines functionalized with dehydroacetic acid derivatives. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243904. [PMID: 33411832 PMCID: PMC7790233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are widely studied both as target in conformational disorders and as basis for the development of protein-based functional materials. The three Zr phthalocyanines bearing dehydroacetic acid residue (PcZr(L1)2) and its condensed derivatives (PcZr(L2)2 and PcZr(L3)2) as out-of-plane ligands were synthesized and their influence on insulin fibril formation was studied by amyloid-sensitive fluorescent dye based assay, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent and absorption spectroscopies. The presence of Zr phthalocyanines was shown to modify the fibril formation. The morphology of fibrils formed in the presence of the Zr phthalocyanines differs from that of free insulin and depends on the structure of out-of-plane ligands. It is shown that free insulin mostly forms fibril clusters with the length of about 0.3-2.1 μm. The presence of Zr phthalocyanines leads to the formation of individual 0.4-2.8 μm-long fibrils with a reduced tendency to lateral aggregation and cluster formation (PcZr(L1)2), shorter 0.2-1.5 μm-long fibrils with the tendency to lateral aggregation without clusters (PcZr(L2)2), and fibril-like 0.2-1.0 μm-long structures (PcZr(L3)2). The strongest influence on fibrils morphology made by PcZr(L3)2 could be explained by the additional stacking of phenyl moiety of the ligand with aromatic amino acids in protein. The evidences of binding of studied Zr phthalocyanines to mature fibrils were shown by absorption spectroscopy (for PcZr(L1)2 and PcZr(L2)2) and fluorescent spectroscopy (for PcZr(L3)2). These complexes could be potentially used as external tools allowing the development of functional materials on protein fibrils basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Chernii
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Gerasymchuk
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Damian Szymański
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iryna Tretyakova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Łukowiak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vasyl Pekhnyo
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Yarmoluk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktor Chernii
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
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