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Bano S, Nadeem H, Zulfiqar I, Shahzadi T, Anwar T, Bukhari A, Masaud SM. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of benzimidazole derivatives; an in vitro, in vivo and in silico approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30102. [PMID: 38726192 PMCID: PMC11078874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) concurrently inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, with a preference for specifically targeting COX-2 due to its significant involvement in various pathologies. In addition to COX enzymes, several other targets, including Aldose reductase, Aldo-ketoreductase family 1-member C2, and Phospholipase A2, have been identified as contributors to inflammation and a myriad of other diseases. In this context, a series of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and assessed for their anti-inflammatory potential through both in vitro and in vivo assays. Molecular docking studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds against COX enzymes and other therapeutic targets associated with NSAIDs, such as Aldose reductase, AIKRC, and Phospholipase A2. Among the synthesized compounds, B2, B4, B7, and B8 demonstrated IC50 values lower than the standard ibuprofen, as determined by the Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay. Validation of these findings was achieved through an in vivo carrageenan-induced mice paw edema model, confirming a comparable anti-inflammatory effect to diclofenac sodium observed in vitro. Notably, these compounds exhibited significant binding affinity with all therapeutic targets investigated in this study. These results suggest that the newly synthesized derivatives possess noteworthy anti-inflammatory potential, warranting further exploration for the development of novel multi-targeting inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaher Bano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Zulfiqar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tamseela Shahzadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muzzammil Masaud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Chung NT, Dung VC, Duc DX. Recent achievements in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32734-32771. [PMID: 37942457 PMCID: PMC10628531 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05960j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds in which a benzene ring is fused to the 4 and 5 positions of an imidazole ring. Benzimidazole refers to the parent compound, while benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds having similar ring structures, but different substituents. Benzimidazole derivatives possess a wide range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiviral, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities. Many compounds possessing a benzimidazole skeleton have been employed as drugs in the market. The application of benzimidazoles in other fields has also been documented. The synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives has attracted much attention from chemists and numerous articles on the synthesis of this class of heterocyclic compound have been reported over the years. The condensation between 1,2-benzenediamine and aldehydes has received intensive interest, while many novel methods have been developed. In this article, we will give a comprehensive review of studies on the synthesis of benzimidazole, which date back to 2013. We have also tried to describe reaction mechanisms as much as we can. The work might be useful for chemists who work in the synthesis of heterocycles or drug chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Vo Cong Dung
- Centre for Education Accreditation, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Dau Xuan Duc
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
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Singh Rana V, Anand V, Shekhar Sarkar S, Sandhu N, Verma M, Naidu S, Kumar K, Yadav RK, Shrivastava R, Singh AP. A novel pyrene-based Aggregation Induced Enhanced Emission active Schiff base fluorophore as a selective “turn-on” sensor for Sn2+ ions and its application in lung adenocarcinoma cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ourari A, Aggoun D, Karce HE, Berenguer R, Morallon E, Lanez T, Ouennoughi Y. Electrochemistry and study of indirect electrocatalytic properties of a novel organometallic Schiff base nickel(II) complex. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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M.Abu-Dief A, Alotaibi NH, S.Al-Farraj E, Qasem HA, Alzahrani S, Mahfouz MK, Abdou A. Fabrication, Structural elucidation, DFT calculation and molecular docking studies of some novel adenine imine chelates for biomedical applications. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gong K, Li C, Zhang D, Lu H, Wang Y, Li H, Zhang H. Sulfonic acid functionalized covalent organic frameworks as efficient catalyst for the one-pot tandem reactions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shukla SN, Gaur P, Raidas ML, Chaurasia B, Bagri SS. Novel NNO pincer type Schiff base ligand and its complexes of Fe(IIl), Co(II) and Ni(II): Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, DFT, antibacterial and anticorrosion study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shi TT, Wang SZ, Yang Z, Wang Y, Liu C, He W, Fang Z, Guo K. Enzymatic electrochemical continuous flow cascade synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An industrially practical method for the synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles was developed from an enzymatic electrochemical cascade method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Shu-Zhan Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Yilin Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
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Arora V, Dutta M, Das K, Das B, Srivastava HK, Kumar A. Solvent-Free N-Alkylation and Dehydrogenative Coupling Catalyzed by a Highly Active Pincer-Nickel Complex. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Kanu Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Babulal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Layek S, Agrahari B, Dey S, Ganguly R, Pathak DD. Copper(II)-faciliated synthesis of substituted thioethers and 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Huang HT, Maroney MJ. Ni(II) Sensing by RcnR Does Not Require an FrmR-Like Intersubunit Linkage. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13639-13653. [PMID: 31247878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
E. coli RcnR (resistance to cobalt and nickel regulator) is a homotetrameric DNA binding protein that regulates the expression of a Ni(II) and Co(II) exporter (RcnAB) by derepressing expression of rcnA and rcnB in response to binding Co(II) or Ni(II). Prior studies have shown that the cognate metal ions, Ni(II) and Co(II), bind in six-coordinate sites at subunit interfaces and are distinguished from noncognate metals (Cu(I), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) by coordination number and ligand selection. In analogy with FrmR, a formaldehyde-responsive transcriptional regulator in the RcnR/CsoR family, the interfacial site allows the metal ions to "cross-link" the N-terminal domain of one subunit with the invariant Cys35 residue in another, which has been deemed to be key to mediating the allosteric response of the tetrameric protein to metal binding. Through the use of mutagenesis to disconnect one subunit from the metal-mediated cross-link, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as a structural probe, LacZ reporter assays, and metal binding studies using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), the work presented here shows that neither the interfacial binding site nor the coordination number of Ni(II) is important to the allosteric response to binding of this cognate metal ion. The opposite is found for the other cognate metal ion, Co(II), with respect to the interfacial binding site, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms for transcriptional regulation by the two ions are distinct. The metal binding studies reveal that tight metal binding is maintained in the variant. XAS is further used to demonstrate that His33 is not a ligand for Co(II), Ni(II), or Zn(II) in WT-RcnR. The results are discussed in the context of the overall understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metallosensors.
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