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Kacsir I, Sipos A, Major E, Bajusz N, Bényei A, Buglyó P, Somsák L, Kardos G, Bai P, Bokor É. Half-Sandwich Type Platinum-Group Metal Complexes of C-Glucosaminyl Azines: Synthesis and Antineoplastic and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073058. [PMID: 37049820 PMCID: PMC10096180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While platinum-based compounds such as cisplatin form the backbone of chemotherapy, the use of these compounds is limited by resistance and toxicity, driving the development of novel complexes with cytostatic properties. In this study, we synthesized a set of half-sandwich complexes of platinum-group metal ions (Ru(II), Os(II), Ir(III) and Rh(III)) with an N,N-bidentate ligand comprising a C-glucosaminyl group and a heterocycle, such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine or quinoline. The sugar-containing ligands themselves are unknown compounds and were obtained by nucleophilic additions of lithiated heterocycles to O-perbenzylated 2-nitro-glucal. Reduction of the adducts and, where necessary, subsequent protecting group manipulations furnished the above C-glucosaminyl heterocycles in their O-perbenzylated, O-perbenzoylated and O-unprotected forms. The derived complexes were tested on A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Pyridine, pyrazine and pyridazine-containing complexes proved to be cytostatic and cytotoxic on A2780 cells, while pyrimidine and quinoline derivatives were inactive. The best complexes contained pyridine as the heterocycle. The metal ion with polyhapto arene/arenyl moiety also impacted on the biological activity of the complexes. Ruthenium complexes with p-cymene and iridium complexes with Cp* had the best performance in ovarian cancer cells, followed by osmium complexes with p-cymene and rhodium complexes with Cp*. Finally, the chemical nature of the protective groups on the hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate moiety were also key determinants of bioactivity; in particular, O-benzyl groups were superior to O-benzoyl groups. The IC50 values of the complexes were in the low micromolar range, and, importantly, the complexes were less active against primary, untransformed human dermal fibroblasts; however, the anticipated therapeutic window is narrow. The bioactive complexes exerted cytostasis on a set of carcinomas such as cell models of glioblastoma, as well as breast and pancreatic cancers. Furthermore, the same complexes exhibited bacteriostatic properties against multiresistant Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus clinical isolates in the low micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Kacsir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Center of Excellence, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group ELKH, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Evelin Major
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Bajusz
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Center of Excellence, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group ELKH, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- NKFIH-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-524-123-45 (P.B.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-524-123-45 (P.B.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
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Mohmad M, Agnihotri N, Kumar V, Azam M, Wabaidur SM, Kamal R, Kumar R, Alam M, Kaviani S. Radical scavenging capacity, antibacterial activity, and quantum chemical aspects of the spectrophotometrically investigated iridium (III) complex with benzopyran derivative. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:945323. [PMID: 36120315 PMCID: PMC9480850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.945323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive aqueous phase spectrophotometric study concerning the trace level determination of iridium (III) by its reaction with benzopyran-derived chromogenic reagent, 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-(2′-thienyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran (CHMTB), is performed. The complexing reagent instantly forms a yellow complex with Ir (III) at pH 4.63, where metal is bound to the ligand in a ratio of 1:2 as deduced by Job’s continuous variations, mole ratio, and equilibrium shift methods. The complex absorbs maximally at 413–420 nm retaining its stability for up to 4 days. An optimum set of conditions have been set with respect to the parameters governing the formation of the complex. Under the set optimal conditions, the Ir (III)-CHMTB complex coheres to Beer’s law between 0.0 and 1.5 µg Ir (III) mL−1. The attenuation coefficient and Sandell’s sensitivity are, respectively, 1.18×105 L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.00162 μg cm−2 at 415 nm. The correlation coefficient (r) and standard deviation (SD) were 0.9999 and ± 0.001095, respectively, whereas the detection limit as analyzed was 0.007437 μg ml−1. The interference with respect to analytically important cations and complexing agents has been studied thoroughly. It is found that the majority of the ions/agents do not intervene with the formation of the complex, thus adding to the versatility of the method. The results obtained from the aforesaid studies indicate a simple, fast, convenient, sensitive, and versatile method for microgram analysis of iridium (III) using CHMTB as a binding ligand. Furthermore, the studied complex is subjected to the evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant capacity by employing the Agar Diffusion assay and DPPH. radical scavenging method, respectively. The results obtained from the mentioned assays reveal that the investigated complex possesses significant potency as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent. Finally, the computational approach through DFT of the formed complex confirmed the associated electronic properties of the studied complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrat Mohmad
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Nivedita Agnihotri
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
- *Correspondence: Nivedita Agnihotri, ; Mohammad Azam, ; Mahboob Alam,
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Nivedita Agnihotri, ; Mohammad Azam, ; Mahboob Alam,
| | | | - Raj Kamal
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, MCM DAV College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Nivedita Agnihotri, ; Mohammad Azam, ; Mahboob Alam,
| | - Sadegh Kaviani
- Department of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Roman G. Thiophene-containing compounds with antimicrobial activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100462. [PMID: 35289443 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thiophene, as a member of the group of five-membered heterocycles containing one heteroatom, is one of the simplest heterocyclic systems. Many synthetic strategies allow the accurate positioning of various functionalities onto the thiophene ring. This review provides a comprehensive, systematic and detailed account of the developments in the field of antimicrobial compounds featuring at least one thiophene ring in their structure, over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Roman
- Department of Inorganic Polymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi, Romania
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Bernier CM, DuChane CM, Martinez JS, Falkinham JO, Merola JS. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Rh III and Ir III N-Heterocyclic Carbene Piano-Stool Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Bernier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christine M. DuChane
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Justin S. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joseph O. Falkinham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joseph S. Merola
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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