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Jankowski W, Hoffmann M, Półrul P, Frańska M. Study of protonated dimers of cytosine, cytidine, and deoxycytidine using survival yield method and quantum mechanics calculations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9661. [PMID: 37953539 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cytosine and its conjugates are prone to form protonated, triply-bonded dimers. Therefore, the nucleic-acid cytosine-rich sequence forms the four-stranded noncanonical secondary structure known as the intercalated motif (i-motif). This process has resulted in studies on cytosine protonated dimers. This communication focuses on the protonated dimers of cytosine and its nucleoside using the survival yield (SY) method and quantum mechanics calculations. METHODS To obtain the precursor ion fragmentation curve, the plot of SY against Ecomδ , the product ion spectra of the protonated dimers were obtained using a Waters/Micromass Q-TOF Premier mass spectrometer. Quantum mechanics calculations were performed using GAUSSIAN 16, and full geometry optimizations and energy calculations were performed within the density functional theory framework at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). RESULTS The precursor ion fragmentation curve allowed the rating of the gas-phase stabilities of the analyzed protonated dimers. Substitution of sugar moiety at N1 cytosine atom decreased the gas-phase stabilities of the protonated dimers. The deoxycytidine dimer was found to be more stable than the cytidine dimer and cytidine-deoxycytidine dimer. Quantum chemical calculations indicated that cytosine aminohydroxy tautomer may be involved in the formation of protonated cytosine-cytosine nucleoside dimers but not in the formation of cytosine dimers. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained for nucleoside dimers indicated that the SY method may reflect the i-motif stabilities observed under physiological conditions. Therefore, the analysis of other protonated dimers of variously substituted cytosine-cytosine nucleoside using the SY method may be important to study the effect of cytosine substitution on the i-motif stabilities. Cytosine tautomer containing C2-OH… N(2H)-C4 moiety may be involved in the formation of protonated cytosine-cytosine nucleoside dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Półrul
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frańska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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Dairaku T, Kawai R, Nozawa-Kumada K, Yoshida K, Ono T, Kondo Y, Kondo J, Ono A, Tanaka Y, Kashiwagi Y. Chemical reduction of Ag + to Ag employing organic electron donors: evaluation of the effect of Ag +-mediated cytosine-cytosine base pairing on the aggregation of Ag nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12208-12214. [PMID: 35226008 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ag+-mediated base pairing is valuable for synthesising DNA-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanoclusters (AgNCs). Recently, we reported the formation of a [Ag(cytidine)2]+ complex in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which facilitated the evaluation of the effect of cytosine-Ag+-cytosine (C-Ag+-C) base pairing on the degree of AgNP aggregation in solution. As an aprotic solvent, DMSO was expected to dissolve the [Ag(cytidine)2]+ complex, and powerful reducing agents, such as organic electron donors. In this study, the chemical reduction of a cytidine/Ag+ system using a powerful reducing agent tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) was investigated. 1H/13C/15N NMR spectroscopic evidence was obtained to identify the iminium dication (TDAE2+), which is an oxidised form of TDAE. The results were compared with those obtained using another organic electron donor, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), which exhibits a relatively lower reduction activity than TDAE. AgNPs prepared via redox reaction between [Ag(cytidine)2]+ and organic electron donors (TDAE and TTF) were characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. It was found that the formation of C-Ag+-C base pairing inhibited the aggregation of AgNPs in solution. In addition, in the presence of cytidine, the total concentration of the AgNP solution was affected by the reduction activity of the reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Dairaku
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Rika Kawai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ono
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jiro Kondo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Material & Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kangawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Kashiwagi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
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Dairaku T, Kawai R, Kanaba T, Ono T, Yoshida K, Sato H, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y, Kondo J, Ono A, Tanaka Y, Kashiwagi Y. Effect of cytosine-Ag +-cytosine base pairing on the redox potential of the Ag +/Ag couple and the chemical reduction of Ag + to Ag by tetrathiafulvalene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7633-7639. [PMID: 33973617 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The redox properties of metallo-base pairs remain to be elucidated. Herein, we report the detailed 1H/13C/109Ag NMR spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric characterisation of the [Ag(cytidine)2]+ complex as isolated cytosine-Ag+-cytosine (C-Ag+-C) base pairs. We also performed comparative studies between cytidine/Ag+ and other nucleoside/Ag+ systems by using cyclic voltammetry measurements. In addition, to evaluate the effect of [Ag(cytidine)2]+ formation on the chemical reduction of Ag+ to Ag, we utilised the redox reaction between Ag+ and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). We found that Ag+-mediated base pairing lowers the redox potential of the Ag+/Ag couple. In addition, C-Ag+-C base pairing makes it more difficult to reduce captured Ag+ ions than in other nucleoside/Ag+ systems. Remarkably, the cytidine/Ag+ system can be utilised to control the redox potential of the Ag+/Ag couple in DMSO. This feature of the cytidine/Ag+ system may be exploited for Ag nanoparticle synthesis by using the redox reaction between Ag+ and TTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Dairaku
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Rika Kawai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Teppei Kanaba
- Application, Bruker Japan K.K., 3-9 Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0022, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ono
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Yoshida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Hajime Sato
- Application, Bruker Japan K.K., 3-9 Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0022, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jiro Kondo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Material & Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kangawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Yoshitomo Kashiwagi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
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