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Anti-Osteoporosis Effects of the Fruit of Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides) through Promotion of Osteogenic Differentiation in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173604. [PMID: 36079860 PMCID: PMC9460184 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Hippophae rhamnoides has been widely used for medicinal purposes because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antimicrobial effects. Since there are no clear reports on the therapeutic efficacy of H. rhamnoides in osteoporosis, this study aimed to confirm the potential use of H. rhamnoides for the treatment of osteoporosis through its osteogenic differentiation-promoting effect in ovariectomized mice. Through an in vitro study, we compared the effects of the EtOH extract of H. rhamnoides fruits (EHRF) on the differentiation of C3H10T1/2, a mouse mesenchymal stem cell line, into osteoblasts based on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and the relative expression of osteogenesis-related mRNAs. The EHRF significantly stimulated the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and showed 7.5 times (* p < 0.05) higher osteogenesis than in the untreated control. A solvent fractionation process of EHRF showed that the hexane-soluble fraction (HRH) showed 10.4 times (** p < 0.01) higher osteogenesis than in the untreated control. Among the subfractions derived from the active HRH by preparative HPLC fractionation, HRHF4 showed 7.5 times (* p < 0.05) higher osteogenesis than in the untreated naïve cells, and HRH and HRHF4 fractions showed 22.6 times (*** p < 0.001) stronger osteogenesis activity than in the negative control. Osteoporosis was induced by excision of both ovaries in 9-week-old female ICR mice for in vivo analysis, and two active fractions, HRH and HRHF4, were administered orally for three months. During the oral administration period, body weight was measured weekly, and bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat density were measured simultaneously using a DEXA machine once a month. In particular, during the in vivo study, the average BMD of the ovariectomized group decreased by 0.0009 g/cm2, whereas the average BMD of the HRH intake group increased by 0.0033 g/cm2 (* p < 0.05) and that of the HRHF4 intake group increased by 0.0059 g/cm2 (** p < 0.01). The HRH and HRHF4 intake groups significantly recovered the mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic genes, including ALP, Osteopontin, Runx2, and Osterix, in the osteoporosis mouse tibia. These findings suggest that the active fractions of H. rhamnoides fruit significantly promoted osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and increased osteogenic gene expression, resulting in an improvement in bone mineral density in the osteoporosis mouse model. Taken together, H. rhamnoides fruits are promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Jablonski CL, Besler BA, Ali J, Krawetz RJ. p21 -/- Mice Exhibit Spontaneous Articular Cartilage Regeneration Post-Injury. Cartilage 2021; 13:1608S-1617S. [PMID: 31556320 PMCID: PMC8804758 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519876348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have implicated the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, in enhanced tissue regeneration observed in MRL/MpJ "super-healer" mice. Specifically, p21 is downregulated in MRL cells and similar ear hole closure to MRL mice has been observed in p21-/- mice. However, the direct implications of p21 deletion in endogenous articular cartilage regeneration remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of p21 deletion in the ability of mice to heal full-thickness cartilage defects (FTCDs). DESIGN C57BL/6 and p21-/- (Cdkn1atm1Tyj) mice were subjected to FTCD and assessment of cartilage healing was performed at 1 hour, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks post-FTCD using a 14-point histological scoring system. X-ray microscopy was used to quantify cartilage healing parameters (e.g., cartilage thickness, surface area/volume) between C57BL/6 and p21-/- mice. RESULTS Absence of p21 resulted in increased spontaneous articular cartilage regeneration by 3 days post-FTCD. Furthermore, p21-/- mice presented with increased cartilage thickness at 1 and 2 weeks post-FTCD compared with uninjured controls, returning to baseline by 4 weeks post-FTCD. CONCLUSIONS We report that p21-/- mice display enhanced articular cartilage regeneration post-FTCD compared with C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, cartilage thickness was increased in p21-/- mice at 1 week post-FTCD compared with uninjured p21-/- mice and C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Jablonski
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint
Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bryce A. Besler
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint
Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jahaan Ali
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint
Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman J. Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint
Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Surgery, University of
Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Roman J Krawetz, McCaig Institute for Bone
and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital
Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
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Abubacker S, Premnath P, Shonak A, Leonard C, Shah S, Zhu Y, Jay GD, Schmidt TA, Boyd S, Krawetz R. Absence of Proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) Leads to Increased Subchondral Bone Porosity Which Can Be Mitigated Through Intra-Articular Injection of PRG4. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2077-2088. [PMID: 31119776 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a mucin-like glycoprotein important for joint health. Mice lacking Prg4 demonstrate degeneration of the cartilage and altered skeletal morphology. The purpose of this study was to examine if Prg4 deficiency leads to subchondral bone defects and if these defects could be mitigated through intra-articular injection of recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4). Mice deficient in Prg4 expression demonstrated increased cartilage thickness and increased subchondral bone porosity compared with C57BL/6 controls. While the porosity of the subchondral bone of Prg4-/- mice decreased over time with maturation, intra-articular injection of rhPRG4 was able to forestall the increase in porosity. In contrast, neither hyaluronan (HA) nor methylprednisolone injections had beneficial effects on the subchondral bone porosity in the Prg4 knockout mice. Bone marrow progenitor cells from Prg4-/- mice demonstrated reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity at 4 weeks of age, but not at 16 weeks of age. While most studies on PRG4/lubricin focus on the health of the cartilage, this study demonstrates that PRG4 plays a role in the maturation of the subchondral bone. Furthermore, increasing joint lubrication/viscosupplementation through injection of HA or controlling joint inflammation through injection of methylprednisolone may help maintain the cartilage surface, but had no positive effect on the subchondral bone in animals lacking Prg4. Therefore, alterations in the subchondral bone in models with absent or diminished Prg4 expression should not be overlooked when investigating changes within the articular cartilage regarding the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis/arthrosis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2077-2088, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Abubacker
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Priyatha Premnath
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anchita Shonak
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Leonard
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophia Shah
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ying Zhu
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven Boyd
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Martin GR, Henare K, Salazar C, Scheidl-Yee T, Eggen LJ, Tailor PP, Kim JH, Podstawka J, Fritzler MJ, Kelly MM, Yipp BG, Jirik FR. Expression of a constitutively active human STING mutant in hematopoietic cells produces an Ifnar1-dependent vasculopathy in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/3/e201800215. [PMID: 31221625 PMCID: PMC6587127 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic expression of a mutant hSTING cDNA under the control of the Vav1 gene promoter leads to a vasculopathy similar to that of the interferonopathy, STING-associated vasculopathy of infancy. STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by blood vessel occlusions, acral necrosis, myositis, rashes, and pulmonary inflammation that are the result of activating mutations in the STimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). We generated a transgenic line that recapitulates many of the phenotypic aspects of SAVI by targeting the expression of the human STING-N154S–mutant protein to the murine hematopoietic compartment. hSTING-N154S mice demonstrated failure to gain weight, lymphopenia, progressive paw swelling accompanied by inflammatory infiltrates, severe myositis, and ear and tail necrosis. However, no significant lung inflammation was observed. X-ray microscopy imaging revealed vasculopathy characterized by arteriole occlusions and venous thromboses. Type I interferons and proinflammatory mediators were elevated in hSTING-N154S sera. Importantly, the phenotype was prevented in hSTING-N154S mice lacking the type I interferon receptor gene (Ifnar1). This model, based on a mutant human STING protein, may shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms operative in SAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada .,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kimiora Henare
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carolina Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Teresa Scheidl-Yee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Laura J Eggen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Pankaj P Tailor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John Podstawka
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Margaret M Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Bryan G Yipp
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Frank R Jirik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada .,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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