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Ma Y, Lin Q, Yang W, Liu Y, Xing Y, Ren Z, Wang X, Zhou R, Wu G, Li P, Duan W, Zhang X, Wei X. High-Speed Centrifugation Efficiently Removes Immunogenic Elements in Osteochondral Allografts. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:675-686. [PMID: 38238250 PMCID: PMC10925494 DOI: 10.1111/os.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current clinical pulse lavage technique for flushing fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) to remove immunogenic elements from the subchondral bone is ineffective. This study aimed to identify the optimal method for removing immunogenic elements from OCAs. METHODS We examined five methods for the physical removal of immunogenic elements from OCAs from the femoral condyle of porcine knees. We distributed the OCAs randomly into the following seven groups: (1) control, (2) saline, (3) ultrasound, (4) vortex vibration (VV), (5) low-pulse lavage (LPL), (6) high-pulse lavage (HPL), and (7) high-speed centrifugation (HSC). OCAs were evaluated using weight measurement, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), macroscopic and histological evaluation, DNA quantification, and chondrocyte activity testing. Additionally, the subchondral bone was zoned to assess the bone marrow and nucleated cell contents. One-way ANOVA and paired two-tailed Student's t-test are used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Histological evaluation and DNA quantification showed no significant reduction in marrow elements compared to the control group after the OCAs were treated with saline, ultrasound, or VV treatments; however, there was a significant reduction in marrow elements after LPL, HPL, and HSC treatments. Furthermore, HSC more effectively reduced the marrow elements of OCAs in the middle and deep zones compared with LPL (p < 0.0001) and HPL (p < 0.0001). Macroscopic evaluation revealed a significant reduction in blood, lipid, and marrow elements in the subchondral bone after HSC. Micro-CT, histological analyses, and chondrocyte viability results showed that HSC did not damage the subchondral bone and cartilage; however, LPL and HPL may damage the subchondral bone. CONCLUSION HSC may play an important role in decreasing immunogenicity and therefore potentially increasing the success of OCA transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ma
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Qitai Lin
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Wenming Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Yugang Xing
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Raorao Zhou
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Gaige Wu
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Wangping Duan
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryXin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
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Cai R, Zhang Y, Li J, Wu X. Curcumin-loaded nanofilm generating avascular niche to stabilize in vivo ectopic chondrogenesis of BMSC. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36647747 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2166336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) engineered cartilage (BEC) represent a promising substitute for cartilage repairment. However, the in vitro-generated BEC was prone to endochondral ossification after in vivo ectopic implantation, significantly hindering its clinical translation. Increasing evidence suggested that vascularization essentially led to endochondral ossification of BEC in the subcutaneous microenvironment. Herein, a potent antiangiogenic agent of curcumin (Cur) was successfully laden into a polycaprolactone (PCL) to prepare a Cur/PCL nanofilm. The in vitro findings of this study showed that after co-culturing with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Cur was sustained-released from Cur/PCL and suppressed the formation of tubes. Further, the Cur/PCL nanofilm was cytocompatible when recolonized with BMSCs. BMSCs were seeded into a porous polyglycolic acid scaffold and underwent 4 weeks of in vitro chondrogenic culture to successfully produce BEC. Thereafter, the BEC is encapsulated by the Cur/PCL nanofilm and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice for 4 weeks. The localized and sustained Cur release could inhibit vascular invasion via the antagonization of vascular endothelial growth factor signal, and stabilizes the cartilaginous phenotype. The results confirmed that Cur/PCL nanofilms protected BEC from vascularization and endochondral ossification in vivo, thus, indicating that the encapsulation of BEC using an anti-angiogenic nanofilm could be used as a novel strategy for modulating the in vivo ectopic BEC stability to repair cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhong Cai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery/Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Affiliated to Hainan Medical College, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery/Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Affiliated to Hainan Medical College, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery/Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery/Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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3
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Meissner S, Raos B, Svirskis D. Hydrogels can control the presentation of growth factors and thereby improve their efficacy in tissue engineering. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Peshkova M, Kosheleva N, Shpichka A, Radenska-Lopovok S, Telyshev D, Lychagin A, Li F, Timashev P, Liang XJ. Targeting Inflammation and Regeneration: Scaffolds, Extracellular Vesicles, and Nanotechnologies as Cell-Free Dual-Target Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213796. [PMID: 36430272 PMCID: PMC9694395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects over 250 million people worldwide and despite various existing treatment strategies still has no cure. It is a multifactorial disease characterized by cartilage loss and low-grade synovial inflammation. Focusing on these two targets together could be the key to developing currently missing disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). This review aims to discuss the latest cell-free techniques applied in cartilage tissue regeneration, since they can provide a more controllable approach to inflammation management than the cell-based ones. Scaffolds, extracellular vesicles, and nanocarriers can be used to suppress inflammation, but they can also act as immunomodulatory agents. This is consistent with the latest tissue engineering paradigm, postulating a moderate, controllable inflammatory reaction to be beneficial for tissue remodeling and successful regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peshkova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefka Radenska-Lopovok
- Institute for Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Telyshev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lychagin
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Surgery, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fangzhou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Recent Developments and Current Applications of Organic Nanomaterials in Cartilage Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080390. [PMID: 36004915 PMCID: PMC9405275 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of cartilage is difficult due to the unique microstructure, unique multizone organization, and avascular nature of cartilage tissue. The development of nanomaterials and nanofabrication technologies holds great promise for the repair and regeneration of injured or degenerated cartilage tissue. Nanomaterials have structural components smaller than 100 nm in at least one dimension and exhibit unique properties due to their nanoscale structure and high specific surface area. The unique properties of nanomaterials include, but are not limited to, increased chemical reactivity, mechanical strength, degradability, and biocompatibility. As an emerging nanomaterial, organic nanocomposites can mimic natural cartilage in terms of microstructure, physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. The integration of organic nanomaterials is expected to develop scaffolds that better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment of cartilage to enhance scaffold-cell interactions and improve the functionality of engineered tissue constructs. Next-generation hydrogel technology and bioprinting can be used not only for healing cartilage injury areas but also for extensive osteoarthritic degenerative changes within the joint. Although more challenges need to be solved before they can be translated into full-fledged commercial products, nano-organic composites remain very promising candidates for the future development of cartilage tissue engineering.
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6
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Chen S, Qin C, Fang Q, Duo L, Wang M, Deng Z, Chen H, Lin Q. Rapid and Economical Drug-Eluting IOL Preparation via Thermoresponsive Agarose Coating for Effective Posterior Capsular Opacification Prevention. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:930540. [PMID: 35992334 PMCID: PMC9388942 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.930540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO), the highest incidence complication after cataract surgery, is mainly due to the attachment, proliferation, and migration of the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs). Although the drug-eluting IOLs have been proved to be an effective way to prevent PCO incidence, its preparations are time consuming and require tedious preparation steps. Herein, the thermoreversible agarose is adopted to prepare drug-eluting IOL. Such functional coating can be obtained easily by simple immersion in the antiproliferative drug containing hot agarose and taken out for cooling, which not only does not affect the optical property but also can effectively decrease the PCO incidence after intraocular implantation. As a result, the proposed agarose coating provides a rapid and economical alternative of drug-eluting IOL fabrication for PCO prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Chen
- *Correspondence: Hao Chen, ; Quankui Lin,
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7
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Insights into the Role of Macrophage Polarization in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2485959. [PMID: 35707276 PMCID: PMC9192196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2485959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, which causes bone fragility and increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is closely related to the inhibition of osteogenesis and the enhancement of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, chronic inflammation and macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoporosis as well. Macrophages, crucial to inflammatory responses, display different phenotypes under the control of microenvironment. There are two major phenotypes, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Generally, M1 macrophages mainly lead to bone resorption, while M2 macrophages result in osteogenesis. M1/M2 ratio reflects the “fluid” state of macrophage polarization, and the imbalance of M1/M2 ratio may cause disease such as osteoporosis. Additionally, antioxidant drugs, such as melatonin, are applied to change the state of macrophage polarization and to treat osteoporosis. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms of macrophage polarization-mediated bone resorption and bone formation and the contribution to the clinical strategies of osteoporosis treatment.
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8
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Ding H, Cheng Y, Niu X, Hu Y. Application of electrospun nanofibers in bone, cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 32:536-561. [PMID: 33175667 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1849922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage related to bone and cartilage is a common clinical disease. Cartilage tissue has no blood vessels and nerves. The limited cell migration ability results in low endogenous healing ability. Due to the complexity of the osteochondral interface, the clinical treatment of osteochondral injury is limited. Tissue engineering provides new ideas for solving this problem. The ideal tissue engineering scaffold must have appropriate porosity, biodegradability and specific functions related to tissue regeneration, especially bioactive polymer nanofiber composite materials with controllable biodegradation rate and appropriate mechanical properties have been getting more and more research. The nanofibers produced by electrospinning have high specific surface area and suitable mechanical properties, which can effectively simulate the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone or cartilage tissue. The composition of materials can affect mechanical properties, plasticity, biocompatibility and degradability of the scaffold, thereby further affect the repair efficiency. This article reviews the characteristics of polymer materials and the application of its electrospun nanofibers in bone, cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiu Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yizhu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Xiaolian Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
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9
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Zhang W, Ling C, Li X, Sheng R, Liu H, Zhang A, Jiang Y, Chen J, Yao Q. Cell-Free Biomimetic Scaffold with Cartilage Extracellular Matrix-Like Architectures for In Situ Inductive Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6917-6925. [PMID: 33320617 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of a biomimetic scaffold designed to provide a native extracellular matrix (ECM)-like microenvironment is a potential strategy for cartilage repair. The ECM in native articular cartilage is structurally composed of three different architectural zones, i.e., horizontally aligned, randomly arranged, and vertically aligned collagen fibers. However, the effects of scaffolds with these three different ECM-like architectures on in vivo cartilage regeneration are not clear. In this study, we aim to systematically investigate and compare their in situ inductive regenerative efficacy on cartilage defects. ECM-mimetic silk fibroin scaffolds with horizontally aligned, vertically aligned, and random pore architectures are fabricated using the controlled directional freezing technique. All of these scaffolds exhibit similar pore area, swelling ratio, and in vitro degradation behavior. Nevertheless, the aligned scaffolds have a higher pore aspect ratio and hydrophilicity, and increase the proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. When implanted into rabbit osteochondral defects, the scaffold with vertically aligned pore architectures provides a more cell-favorable microenvironment conducive to endogenous BMSCs than other scaffolds and supports the simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone. These findings indicate that scaffolds with vertically aligned ECM-like architectures serve as an effective cell-free and growth factor-free scaffold for enhanced endogenous osteochondral regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Renwang Sheng
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Aini Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), 310058 Hangzhou, China
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10
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Salati MA, Khazai J, Tahmuri AM, Samadi A, Taghizadeh A, Taghizadeh M, Zarrintaj P, Ramsey JD, Habibzadeh S, Seidi F, Saeb MR, Mozafari M. Agarose-Based Biomaterials: Opportunities and Challenges in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051150. [PMID: 32443422 PMCID: PMC7285176 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of adequate blood/lymphatic vessels as well as low-potential articular cartilage regeneration underlines the necessity to search for alternative biomaterials. Owing to their unique features, such as reversible thermogelling behavior and tissue-like mechanical behavior, agarose-based biomaterials have played a key role in cartilage tissue repair. Accordingly, the need for fabricating novel highly efficient injectable agarose-based biomaterials as hydrogels for restoration of injured cartilage tissue has been recognized. In this review, the resources and conspicuous properties of the agarose-based biomaterials were reviewed. First, different types of signals together with their functionalities in the maintenance of cartilage homeostasis were explained. Then, various cellular signaling pathways and their significant role in cartilage tissue engineering were overviewed. Next, the molecular structure and its gelling behavior have been discussed. Eventually, the latest advancements, the lingering challenges, and future ahead of agarose derivatives from the cartilage regeneration perspective have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Salati
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran; (M.A.S.); (J.K.); (A.M.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Javad Khazai
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran; (M.A.S.); (J.K.); (A.M.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Amir Mohammad Tahmuri
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran; (M.A.S.); (J.K.); (A.M.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Samadi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran; (M.A.S.); (J.K.); (A.M.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Taghizadeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran; (A.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran; (A.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Josh D. Ramsey
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 1591639675, Iran;
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16765-654, Iran
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 144961-4535, Iran
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
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