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Akimchenko IO, Rutkowski S, Tran TH, Dubinenko GE, Petrov VI, Kozelskaya AI, Tverdokhlebov SI. Polyether Ether Ketone Coated with Ultra-Thin Films of Titanium Oxide and Zirconium Oxide Fabricated by DC Magnetron Sputtering for Biomedical Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8029. [PMID: 36431515 PMCID: PMC9694952 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, polyether ether ketone has raised increasing interest in research and industry as an alternative material for bone implants. This polymer also has some shortcomings, as it is bioinert and its surface is relatively hydrophobic, causing poor cell adhesion and therefore slow integration with bone tissue. In order to improve biocompatibility, the surface of polyether ether ketone-based implants should be modified. Therefore, polished disc-shaped polyether ether ketone samples were surface-modified by direct current magnetron sputtering with ultrathin titanium and zirconium coatings (thickness < 100 nm). The investigation results show a uniform distribution of both types of coatings on the sample surfaces, where the coatings mostly consist of titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the crystalline structure of the polyether ether ketone substrates was not changed by the coating deposition. Both coatings are amorphous, as shown by X-ray diffraction investigations. The roughness of both coating types increases with increasing coating thickness, which is beneficial for cell colonization. The coatings presented and investigated in this study improve wettability, increasing surface energies, in particular the polar component of the surface energies, which, in turn, are important for cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor O. Akimchenko
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Sven Rutkowski
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Tomsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10/4, Akademicheskii Prospekt, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Tuan-Hoang Tran
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Gleb E. Dubinenko
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Vsevolod I. Petrov
- Tomsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10/4, Akademicheskii Prospekt, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Anna I. Kozelskaya
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Sergei I. Tverdokhlebov
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Yuan K, Zhang K, Yang Y, Lin Y, Zhou F, Mei J, Li H, Wei J, Yu Z, Zhao J, Tang T. Evaluation of interbody fusion efficacy and biocompatibility of a polyetheretherketone/calcium silicate/porous tantalum cage in a goat model. J Orthop Translat 2022; 36:109-119. [PMID: 36090821 PMCID: PMC9437743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the interbody fusion efficacy and biocompatibility of a graft-free cage made of polyetheretherketone/calcium silicate composite/porous tantalum (PEEK/CS/pTa cage) compared with a PEEK/CS cage with an autogenous bone graft in a goat model. Methods PEEK/CS/pTa and PEEK/CS cages were prepared through an injection-moulding method. The PEEK/CS composites and porous tantalum were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping. Then, adult goats were chosen for C2/C3 and C3/C4 discectomy via the anterior cervical approach and randomly implanted with PEEK/CS/pTa and PEEK/CS/cages with autogenous bone grafts. The fusion performance and osseointegration of the cages were evaluated by X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, and bone histomorphometry analysis. Moreover, the concentrations of Ca and Si in urine, serum, tissue around the fusion segments and major organs of the goats were determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). Histological observation of major organs of the goats was used to evaluate the biosafety of PEEK/CS/pTa and PEEK/CS cages. Results X-ray and MRI imaging suggested that both PEEK/CS/pTa cages and PEEK/CS cages maintained similar average intervertebral space heights. The tissue volumes in the fusion area were comparable between the two groups of cages at 26 weeks after surgery. Histological morphometric data showed that PEEK/CS/pTa cages and PEEK/CS cages with autogenous bone grafts had similar bone contact and osseointegration at 12 and 26 weeks. Element determination of serum, urine, spinal cord, dura matter, bone and organs showed that the CS/PEEK cages did not cause abnormal systemic metabolism or accumulation of calcium and silicon in local tissues and major organs of goats after implantation. No obvious pathological changes were found in the heart, liver, spleen, liver or kidney tissues. Conclusion Overall, these results suggested that the graft-free PEEK/CS/pTa cage showed similar bony fusion performance to the PEEK/CS cages with autogenous bone grafts. The cages releasing calcium and silicon had good biological safety in vivo. The translational potential of this article: This study provided a new graft-free interbody fusion solution to patients with degenerative disc diseases, which could avert potential donor-site complications. This study also provided a detailed assessment of element excretion and accumulation of Ca and Si in vivo, which validated the biosafety of this new type of bioactive interbody fusion cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yixuan Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jingtian Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Corresponding author. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Corresponding author. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Chen J, Cao G, Li L, Cai Q, Dunne N, Li X. Modification of polyether ether ketone for the repairing of bone defects. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35395651 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac65cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone damage as a consequence of disease or trauma is a common global occurrence. For bone damage treatment - bone implant materials are necessary across three classifications of surgical intervention (i.e. fixation, repair, and replacement). Many types of bone implant materials have been developed to meet the requirements of bone repair. Among them, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been considered as one of the next generation of bone implant materials, owing to its advantages related to good biocompatibility, chemical stability, X-ray permeability, elastic modulus comparable to natural bone, as well as the ease of processing and modification. However, as PEEK is a naturally bioinert material, some modification is needed to improve its integration with adjacent bones after implantation. Therefore, it has become a very hot topic of biomaterials research and various strategies for the modification of PEEK including blending, 3D printing, coating, chemical modification and the introduction of bioactive and/or antibacterial substances have been proposed. In this systematic review, the recent advances in modification of PEEK and its application prospect as bone implants are summarized, and the remaining challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Guangxiu Cao
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Linhao Li
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Qiang Cai
- Tsinghua University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 30 shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100084, CHINA
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Dublin, D09, IRELAND
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
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Ai C, Lee YHD, Tan XH, Tan SHS, Hui JHP, Goh JCH. Osteochondral tissue engineering: Perspectives for clinical application and preclinical development. J Orthop Translat 2021; 30:93-102. [PMID: 34722152 PMCID: PMC8517716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD) remains challenging. Among currently available surgical treatments for OCDs, scaffold-based treatments are promising to regenerate the osteochondral unit. However, there is still no consensus regarding the clinical effectiveness of these scaffold-based therapies for OCDs. Previous reviews have described the gradient physiological characteristics of osteochondral tissue and gradient scaffold design for OCD, tissue engineering strategies, biomaterials, and fabrication technologies. However, the discussion on bridging the gap between the clinical need and preclinical research is still limited, on which we focus in the present review, providing an insight into what is currently lacking in tissue engineering methods that failed to yield satisfactory outcomes, and what is needed to further improve these techniques. Currently available surgical treatments for OCDs are firstly summarized, followed by a comprehensive review on experimental animal studies in recent 5 years on osteochondral tissue engineering. The review will then conclude with what is currently lacking in these animal studies and the recommendations that would help enlighten the community in developing more clinically relevant implants. The translational potential of this article This review is attempting to summarize the lessons from clinical and preclinical failures, providing an insight into what is currently lacking in TE methods that failed to yield satisfactory outcomes, and what is needed to further improve these implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchong Ai
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Han Dave Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Xuan Hao Tan
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Heng Sharon Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - James Hoi Po Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Cho-Hong Goh
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hopkins
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen University of Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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