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Wang J, Zeng X, Xue W, Jia Q, Jiang Q, Huo C, Jiao X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Tian L, Zhu Z. Transcriptomic profiling of lung fibroblasts in silicosis: Regulatory roles of Nrf2 agonists in a mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 143:113273. [PMID: 39362014 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease caused by long-term inhalation of free silica, resulting in a significant global health burden. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, and there is no effective treatment. Proliferative and activated myofibroblasts play a key role in the development of silicosis. Traditional studies have focused on fibroblast proliferation and collagen secretion, neglecting their functional heterogeneity. With the advancement of omics research, more pathogenic fibroblast subgroups and their functions have been identified. In this study, we applied transcriptomics to analyze gene changes in primary lung fibroblasts during silicosis development using a mouse model. Our results indicate that DEGs are enriched in collagen secretion, ECM synthesis, leukocyte migration, and chemotaxis functions. Altered core genes are associated with immune cell recruitment and cell migration. Nrf2 agonists, known for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have shown potential therapeutic effects in fibrotic diseases. However, their effects on fibroblasts in silicosis are not fully understood. We used four common Nrf2 agonists to study gene expression changes in lung fibroblasts at the transcriptome level, combined with histopathological and biochemical methods, to investigate their effects on silicosis in mice. Results show that Nrf2 agonists can exert anti-silicosis fibrosis functions by downregulating genes like Fos and Egr1, involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and inflammation. In conclusion, this study suggests that inflammation-related co-functions of fibroblasts may be a potential mechanism in silicosis pathogenesis. Targeting Nrf2 may be a promising strategy to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinying Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenming Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiyue Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiyue Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chuanyi Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xukun Jiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Xue P, Lv L, Liu L, Xu Y, Zhou C, Wang Y. Unveiling the role of CXCL8/CXCR2 in intervertebral disc degeneration: A path to promising therapeutic strategies. J Orthop Translat 2024; 49:119-134. [PMID: 39444419 PMCID: PMC11497097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD) is the primary etiology of low back pain and radicular pain. Recent studies have found that chemokines play a role in IVDD, but the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was employed to screen CXCL8 as the target gene. The expression levels of CXCL8 and CXCR2 were quantified using RT-qPCR, western blot(WB), immunohistochemistry(IHC), and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay(ELISA). In the IVDD mouse model, X-ray images, Safranin O-fast green staining(SO-FG), IHC, and WB were conducted to assess the therapeutic effects of CXCL8 on IVDD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), and the involvement of the NF-κB pathway were evaluated through WB, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence(IF), and Tunnel assay. Results In our study, we observed that CXCL8 emerged as one of the chemokines that were up-regulated in IVDD. The mitigation of extracellular matrix degradation (ECM) and the severity of IVDD were significantly achieved by neutralizing CXCL8 or its receptor CXCR2(SB225002, CXCR2 antagonist). The release of CXCL8 from infiltrated macrophages within intervertebral discs (IVDs) was predominantly observed upon stimulation. CXCL8 exerted its effects on NPCs by inducing apoptosis and ECM degradation through the activation of CXCR2. Specifically, the formation of the CXCL8/CXCR2 complex triggered the NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in an abnormal increase in intracellular ROS levels and ultimately contributing to the development of IVDD. Conclusion Our findings suggest that macrophage-derived CXCL8 and subsequent CXCR2 signaling play crucial roles in mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in IVDD. Targeting the CXCL8/CXCR2 axis may offer promising therapeutic strategies to ameliorate IVDD. The translational potential of this article This study indicates that CXCL8 can effectively exacerbate the excessive apoptosis and oxidative stress of NPCs through activating the NF-κB pathway. This study may provide new potential targets for preventing and reversing IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xue
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Long Lv
- Central Laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211300, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuzhu Xu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Chonggang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiujiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
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Wang H, Chen S, Liu Z, Meng Q, Sobreiro-Almeida R, Liu L, Haugen HJ, Li J, Mano JF, Hong Y, Crouzier T, Yan H, Li B. Preserving the Immune-Privileged Niche of the Nucleus Pulposus: Safeguarding Intervertebral Discs from Degeneration after Discectomy with Synthetic Mucin Hydrogel Injection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404496. [PMID: 39207014 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation is a prevalent spinal disorder, often necessitating surgical intervention such as microdiscectomy for symptomatic relief and nerve decompression. IVDs comprise a gel-like nucleus pulposus (NP) encased by an annulus fibrosus (AF), and their avascular nature renders them immune-privileged. Microdiscectomy exposes the residual NP to the immune system, precipitating an immune cell infiltration and attack that exacerbates IVD degeneration. While many efforts in the tissue engineering field are directed toward IVD regeneration, the inherently limited regenerative capacity due to the avascular and low-cellularity nature of the disc and the challenging mechanical environment of the spine often impedes success. This study, aiming to prevent IVD degeneration post-microdiscectomy, utilizes mucin-derived gels (Muc-gels) that form a gel at the surgical site, inspired by the natural mucin coating on living organisms to evade immune reorganization. It is shown that type I macrophages are present in severely degenerated human discs. Encapsulating IVDs within Muc-gels prevents fibrous encapsulation and macrophage infiltration in a mouse subcutaneous model. The injection of Muc-gels prevents IVD degeneration in a rat tail IVD degeneration model up to 24 weeks post-operation. Mechanistic investigations indicate that Muc-gels attenuate immune cell infiltration into NPs, offering durable protection against immune attack post-microdiscectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Song Chen
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Qingchen Meng
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Rita Sobreiro-Almeida
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ling Liu
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, Oslo, 0376, Norway
| | - Jiaying Li
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Youzhi Hong
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- Department of Health Technology, DTU, Ørsteds Plads, building 345C DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hongji Yan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75123, Sweden
- AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
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Liu L, Sun H, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhuang Y, Liu M, Ai X, Long D, Huang B, Li C, Zhou Y, Dong S, Feng C. Dynamics of N6-methyladenosine modification during aging and their potential roles in the degeneration of intervertebral disc. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1316. [PMID: 38283178 PMCID: PMC10810761 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) dynamics in the progression of intervertebral disc (IVD) aging remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the distribution and pattern of m6A modification in nucleus pulpous (NP) tissues of rats at different ages. Methods Histological staining and MRI were performed to evaluate the degeneration of IVD. The expression of m6A modifiers was analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blot. Subsequently, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation next generation sequencing and RNA-seq were conducted to identify differences in m6A methylome and transcriptome of NP tissues. Results Compared to 2-month-old rats, we found significant changes in the global m6A level and the expression of Mettl3 and FTO in NP tissues from 20-month-old rats. During the progression of NP aging, there were 1126 persistently differentially m6A peaks within 931 genes, and 51 persistently differentially expressed genes. GO and KEGG analyses showed that these m6A peaks and m6A modified genes were mainly engaged in the biological processes and pathways of intervertebral disc degermation (IDD), such as extracellular matrix metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways. Meanwhile, conjoint analyses and Venn diagram revealed a total of 405 aging related genes contained significant methylation and expression levels in 20-month-old rats in contrast to 2-month-old and 10-month-old rats. Moreover, it was found that four aging related genes with hypermethylated modification including BUB1, CA12, Adamts1, and Adamts4 depicted differentially expressed at protein level, of which BUB1 and CA12 were decreased, while Adamts1 and Adamts4 were increased during the progression of NP aging. Conclusion Collectively, this study elucidated the distribution and pattern of m6A modification during the aging of IVD. Furthermore, the m6A modified genes were involved in the IDD related biological processes and pathways. These findings may provide novel insights into the mechanisms and therapies of IDD from the perspective of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libangxi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of OrthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of OrthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Xuezheng Ai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dan Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical EngineeringArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical EngineeringArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Liu Y, Dou Y, Sun X, Yang Q. Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for senescence-associated secretory phenotype in the intervertebral disc degeneration microenvironment. J Orthop Translat 2024; 45:56-65. [PMID: 38495743 PMCID: PMC10943956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
As a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence has become an important factor in aging and age-related diseases. As a central regulator of physiology and pathology associated with cellular senescence, the senescence associated secretory phenotype can create an inflammatory and catabolic environment through autocrine and paracrine ways, ultimately affecting tissue microstructure. As an age-related disease, the correlation between intervertebral disc degeneration and cellular senescence has been confirmed by many studies. Various pathological factors in the microenvironment of intervertebral disc degeneration promote senescent cells to produce and accumulate and express excessive senescence associated secretory phenotype. In this case, senescence associated secretory phenotype has received considerable attention as a potential target for delaying or treating disc degeneration. Therefore, we reviewed the latest research progress of senescence associated secretory phenotype, related regulatory mechanisms and intervertebral disc cell senescence treatment strategies. It is expected that further understanding of the underlying mechanism between cellular senescence pathology and intervertebral disc degeneration will help to formulate reasonable senescence regulation strategies, so as to achieve ideal therapeutic effects. The translational potential of this article Existing treatment strategies often fall short in addressing the challenge of repairing intervertebral disc Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVD) degeneration. The accumulation of senescent cells and the continuous release of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) perpetually impede disc homeostasis and hinder tissue regeneration. This impairment in repair capability presents a significant obstacle to the practical clinical implementation of strategies for intervertebral disc degeneration. As a result, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in research, the associated regulatory mechanisms, and strategies for treating SASP in IVD cells. This article aims to investigate effective interventions for delaying the onset and progression of age-related intervertebral disc degeneration. In an era where the aging population is becoming increasingly prominent, this endeavor holds paramount practical and translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Dou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang L, Hu S, Xiu C, Li M, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Li B, Chen J. Intervertebral disc-intrinsic Hedgehog signaling maintains disc cell phenotypes and prevents disc degeneration through both cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:74. [PMID: 38308696 PMCID: PMC10838248 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is closely related to abnormal phenotypic changes in disc cells. However, the mechanism by which disc cell phenotypes are maintained remains poorly understood. Here, Hedgehog-responsive cells were found to be specifically localized in the inner annulus fibrosus and cartilaginous endplate of postnatal discs, likely activated by Indian Hedgehog. Global inhibition of Hedgehog signaling using a pharmacological inhibitor or Agc1-CreERT2-mediated deletion of Smo in disc cells of juvenile mice led to spontaneous degenerative changes in annulus fibrosus and cartilaginous endplate accompanied by aberrant disc cell differentiation in adult mice. In contrast, Krt19-CreER-mediated deletion of Smo specifically in nucleus pulposus cells led to healthy discs and normal disc cell phenotypes. Similarly, age-related degeneration of nucleus pulposus was accelerated by genetic inactivation of Hedgehog signaling in all disc cells, but not in nucleus pulposus cells. Furthermore, inactivation of Gli2 in disc cells resulted in partial loss of the vertebral growth plate but otherwise healthy discs, whereas deletion of Gli3 in disc cells largely corrected disc defects caused by Smo ablation in mice. Taken together, our findings not only revealed for the first time a direct role of Hedgehog-Gli3 signaling in maintaining homeostasis and cell phenotypes of annuls fibrosus and cartilaginous endplate, but also identified disc-intrinsic Hedgehog signaling as a novel non-cell-autonomous mechanism to regulate nucleus pulposus cell phenotype and protect mice from age-dependent nucleus pulposus degeneration. Thus, targeting Hedgehog signaling may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunmei Xiu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Innovation and Translation of Biological and Biomaterial Treatment for Challenging Musculoskeletal Disorders. J Orthop Translat 2023; 40:A1. [PMID: 37457312 PMCID: PMC10338898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
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