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Xiao W, He Z, Luo W, Feng D, Wang Y, Tang T, Yang A, Luo J. BYHWD Alleviates Inflammatory Response by NIK-Mediated Repression of the Noncanonical NF-κB Pathway During ICH Recovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632407. [PMID: 34025405 PMCID: PMC8138445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening type of stroke that lacks effective treatments. The inflammatory response following ICH is a vital response that affects brain repair and organism recovery. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is considered one of the most important inflammatory response pathways and one of its response pathways, the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, is known to be associated with persistent effect and chronic inflammation. NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) via the noncanonical NF-κB signaling plays a key role in controlling inflammation. Here, we investigated potential effects of the traditional Chinese medicine formula Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) on inflammatory response in a rat model of ICH recovery by inhibiting the NIK-mediated the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway. In the first part, rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group, the ICH group, and the BYHWD group. ICH was induced in rats by injecting collagenase (type VII) into the right globus pallidus of rats' brain. For the BYHWD group, rats were administered BYHWD (4.36 g/kg) once a day by intragastric administration until they were sacrificed. Neurological function was evaluated in rats by a modified neurological severity score (mNSS), the corner turn test, and the foot-fault test. The cerebral edema showed the degree of inflammatory response by sacrificed brain water content. Western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR tested the activity of inflammatory response and noncanonical NF-κB signaling. In the second part, siRNA treatment and assessment of inflammation level as well as alterations in the noncanonical NF-κB signaling were performed to determine whether the effect of BYHWD on inflammatory response was mediated by suppression of NIK via the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway. We show that BYHWD treated rats exhibited: (i) better health conditions and better neural functional recovery; (ii) decreased inflammatory cytokine and the edema; (iii) reduced expression of NIK, a key protein in unregulated the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathways; (iv) when compared with pretreated rats with NIK targeting (NIK siRNAs), showed the same effect of inhibiting the pathway and decreased inflammatory cytokine. BYHWD can attenuate the inflammatory response during ICH recovery in rats by inhibiting the NIK-mediated noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zehui He
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weikang Luo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ali Yang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiekun Luo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Borghi SM, Fattori V, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Domiciano TP, Miranda-Sapla MM, Zaninelli TH, Casagrande R, Pinge-Filho P, Pavanelli WR, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM, Verri WA. Contribution of spinal cord glial cells to L. amazonensis experimental infection-induced pain in BALB/c mice. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:113. [PMID: 31138231 PMCID: PMC6540403 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cellular and molecular pathophysiological mecha\nisms of pain processing in neglected parasitic infections such as leishmaniasis remain unknown. The present study evaluated the participation of spinal cord glial cells in the pathophysiology of pain induced by Leishmania amazonensis infection in BALB/c mice. Methods Mice received intra-plantar (i.pl.) injection of L. amazonensis (1 × 105) and hyperalgesia, and paw edema were evaluated bilaterally for 40 days. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, MPO activity, and histopathology were assessed on the 40th day. ATF3 mRNA expression was assessed in DRG cells at the 30th day post-infection. Blood TNF-α and IL-1β levels and systemic parasite burden were evaluated 5–40 days after the infection. At the 30th day post-infection L. amazonensis, the effects of intrathecal (i.t.) treatments with neutralizing antibody anti-CX3CL1, etanercept (soluble TNFR2 receptor), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on infection-induced hyperalgesia and paw edema were assessed. In another set of experiments, we performed a time course analysis of spinal cord GFAP and Iba-1 (astrocytes and microglia markers, respectively) and used confocal immunofluorescence and Western blot to confirm the expression at the protein level. Selective astrocyte (α-aminoadipate) and microglia (minocycline) inhibitors were injected i.t. to determine the contribution of these cells to hyperalgesia and paw edema. The effects of i.t. treatments with glial and NFκB (PDTC) inhibitors on spinal glial activation, TNF-α, IL-1β, CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 mRNA expression, and NFκB activation were also evaluated. Finally, the contribution of TNF-α and IL-1β to CX3CL1 mRNA expression was investigated. Results L. amazonensis infection induced chronic mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema in the infected paw. Mechanical hyperalgesia was also observed in the contralateral paw. TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO activity, and epidermal/dermal thickness increased in the infected paw, which confirmed the peripheral inflammation at the primary foci of this infection. ATF3 mRNA expression at the ipsilateral DRG of the infected paw was unaltered 30 days post-infection. TNF-α and IL-1β blood levels were not changed over the time course of disease, and parasitism increased in a time-dependent manner in the ipsilateral draining lymph node. Treatments targeting CX3CL1, TNF-α, and IL-1β inhibited L. amazonensis-induced ongoing mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, but not paw edema. A time course of GFAP, Iba-1, and CX3CR1 mRNA expression indicated spinal activation of astrocytes and microglia, which was confirmed at the GFAP and Iba-1 protein level at the peak of mRNA expression (30th day). Selective astrocyte and microglia inhibition diminished infection-induced ipsilateral mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia, and contralateral mechanical hyperalgesia, but not ipsilateral paw edema. Targeting astrocytes, microglia and NFκB diminished L. amazonensis-induced GFAP, Iba-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 mRNA expression, and NFκB activation in the spinal cord at the peak of spinal cord glial cells activation. CX3CL1 mRNA expression was also detected in the ipsilateral DRG of infected mice at the 30th day post-infection, and the i.t. injection of TNF-α or IL-1β in naïve animals induced CX3CL1 mRNA expression in the spinal cord and ipsilateral DRG. Conclusions L. amazonensis skin infection produces chronic pain by central mechanisms involving spinal cord astrocytes and microglia-related production of cytokines and chemokines, and NFκB activation contributes to L. amazonensis infection-induced hyperalgesia and neuroinflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1496-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Borghi
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.,Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná - Unopar, Rua Marselha, 591, Jardim Piza, Londrina, Paraná, 86041-140, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Talita P Domiciano
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Milena M Miranda-Sapla
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Tiago H Zaninelli
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Londrina, Paraná, 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Wander R Pavanelli
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.
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Xing F, Kong C, Bai L, Qian J, Yuan J, Li Z, Zhang W, Xu JT. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling mediated ERK1/2 activation in spinal cord contributes to the pathogenesis of postsurgical pain in rats. Mol Pain 2018. [PMID: 28633557 PMCID: PMC5502942 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917718753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that upregulation of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in spinal cord involves in the pathogenesis of neuropathic, inflammatory, and cancer pain. However, whether CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling contributes to postsurgical pain remains unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in the genesis of postsurgical pain and the underlying mechanism. Results Plantar incision in rat hind paw resulted in increased expressions of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in spinal dorsal horn. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that CXCL12 expressed in neurons and astrocytes, and CXCR4 exclusively co-localized with neuronal cells. Prior administration of AMD3100, a specific antagonist of CXCR4, or CXCL12 neutralizing antibody, intrathecally attenuated plantar incision-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Plantar incision also augmented the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in spinal cord. Pre intrathecal (i.t.) injection of PDTC, a specific NF-κB activation inhibitor, alleviated plantar incision-induced postsurgical pain and reduced the expression of CXCL12 in spinal cord. Correlated with the upregulation of CXCL12 and CXCR4, plantar incision also resulted in an increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt in spinal cord. Prior i.t. administration of AMD3100 prevented extracellular signal-regulated kinase, but not Akt, activation in spinal cord. Rats when given a repetitive i.t. PD98059, a specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor, started 30 min before surgery also ameliorate plantar incision-induced mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity. Conclusion Our results suggests that plantar incision-induced activation of NF-κB signaling may mediate upregulation of CXCL12 in spinal cord, and CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling via extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation contributes to the genesis of postsurgical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Cunlong Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Liying Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Junliang Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Zhisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
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Ma Y, Zhou C, Li G, Tian Y, Liu J, Yan L, Jiang Y, Tian S. Effects on Spatial Cognition and Nociceptive Behavior Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats with Lesion of the Striatal Marginal Division Induced by Kainic Acid. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2357-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Luo X, Tai WL, Sun L, Qiu Q, Xia Z, Chung SK, Cheung CW. Central administration of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist alleviates the development and maintenance of peripheral neuropathic pain in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104860. [PMID: 25119456 PMCID: PMC4132096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the roles of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in spinal processing of neuropathic pain at the central nervous system (CNS). Methods Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL) model was assessed in mice. Effects of a single intrathecal (central) administration of AMD3100 (intrathecal AMD3100), a CXCR4 antagonist, on pain behavior and pain-related spinal pathways and molecules in the L3-L5 spinal cord segment was studied compare to saline treatment. Results Rotarod test showed that intrathecal AMD3100 did not impair mice motor function. In pSNL-induced mice, intrathecal AMD3100 delayed the development of mechanical allodynia and reversed the established mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent way. Moreover, intrathecal AMD3100 downregulated the activation of JNK1 and p38 pathways and the protein expression of p65 as assessed by western blotting. Real-time PCR test also demonstrated that substance P mRNA was decreased, while adrenomedullin and intercellular adhesion molecule mRNA was increased following AMD3100 treatment. Conclusion Our results suggest that central (spinal) CXCR4 is involved in the development and maintenance of PNP and the regulation of multiple spinal molecular events under pain condition, implicating that CXCR4 would potentially be a therapeutic target for chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Wai Lydia Tai
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Liting Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Qiu Qiu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Luo JG, Zhao XL, Xu WC, Zhao XJ, Wang JN, Lin XW, Sun T, Fu ZJ. Activation of spinal NF-κB/p65 contributes to peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:896-906. [PMID: 24757142 DOI: 10.1002/art.38328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is known that noxious stimuli from inflamed tissue may increase the excitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons (a process known as central sensitization), which can signal back and contribute to peripheral inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully defined. A number of recent studies have indicated that spinal NF-κB/p65 is involved in central sensitization, as well as pain-related behavior. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether NF-κB/p65 can facilitate a peripheral inflammatory response in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). METHODS Lentiviral vectors encoding short hairpin RNAs that target NF-κB/p65 (LV-shNF-κB/p65) were constructed for gene silencing. The spines of rats with AIA were injected with LV-shNF-κB/p65 on day 3 or day 10 after treatment with Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). During an observation period of 20 days, pain-related behavior, paw swelling, and joint histopathologic changes were evaluated. Moreover, the expression levels of spinal tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were assessed on day 14 after CFA treatment. RESULTS The presence of peripheral inflammation in rats with AIA induced an increase in NF-κB/p65 expression in the spinal cord, mainly in the dorsal horn neurons and astrocytes. Delivery of LV-shNF-κB/p65 to the spinal cord knocked down the expression of NF-κB/p65 and significantly attenuated hyperalgesia, paw edema, and joint destruction. In addition, spinal delivery of LV-shNF-κB/p65 reduced the overexpression of spinal TNFα, IL-1β, and COX-2. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that spinal NF-κB/p65 plays an important role in the initiation and development of both peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia. Thus, inhibition of spinal NF-κB/p65 expression may provide a potential treatment to manage painful inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Gang Luo
- Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Li L, Xie R, Hu S, Wang Y, Yu T, Xiao Y, Jiang X, Gu J, Hu CY, Xu GY. Upregulation of cystathionine beta-synthetase expression by nuclear factor-kappa B activation contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation. Mol Pain 2012; 8:89. [PMID: 23249427 PMCID: PMC3545973 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic visceral hyperalgesia (CVH) that manifested with persistent or recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel movement. However, the pathogenesis of the CVH remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate roles of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) producing enzyme cystathionine beta-synthetase (CBS) and p65 nuclear factor-kappa B subunits in CVH. Results CVH was induced by neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) in male rats on postnatal days 2–15 and behavioral experiments were conducted at the age of 7–15 weeks. NMD significantly increased expression of CBS in colon-innervating DRGs from the 7th to 12th week. This change in CBS express is well correlated with the time course of enhanced visceromoter responses to colorectal distention (CRD), an indicator of visceral pain. Administration of AOAA, an inhibitor of CBS, produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect on NMD rats while it had no effect on age-matched healthy control rats. AOAA also reversed the enhanced neuronal excitability seen in colon-innervating DRGs. Application of NaHS, a donor of H2S, increased excitability of colon-innervating DRG neurons acutely dissociated from healthy control rats. Intrathecal injection of NaHS produced an acute visceral hyperalgesia. In addition, the content of p65 in nucleus was remarkably higher in NMD rats than that in age-matched controls. Intrathecal administration of PDTC, an inhibitor of p65, markedly reduced expression of CBS and attenuated nociceptive responses to CRD. Conclusion The present results suggested that upregulation of CBS expression, which is mediated by activation of p65, contributes to NMD-induced CVH. This pathway might be a potential target for relieving CVH in patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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