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Zhu J, Huang F, Hu Y, Qiao W, Guan Y, Zhang ZJ, Liu S, Liu Y. Non-Coding RNAs Regulate Spinal Cord Injury-Related Neuropathic Pain via Neuroinflammation. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2477-2489. [PMID: 37334347 PMCID: PMC10276590 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s413264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary chronic neuropathic pain (NP) in addition to sensory, motor, or autonomic dysfunction can significantly reduce quality of life after spinal cord injury (SCI). The mechanisms of SCI-related NP have been studied in clinical trials and with the use of experimental models. However, in developing new treatment strategies for SCI patients, NP poses new challenges. The inflammatory response following SCI promotes the development of NP. Previous studies suggest that reducing neuroinflammation following SCI can improve NP-related behaviors. Intensive studies of the roles of non-coding RNAs in SCI have discovered that ncRNAs bind target mRNA, act between activated glia, neuronal cells, or other immunocytes, regulate gene expression, inhibit inflammation, and influence the prognosis of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Nantong Rehabilitation Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Guan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
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Han G, Li X, Wen CH, Wu S, He L, Tan C, Nivar J, Bekker A, Davidson S, Tao YX. FUS Contributes to Nerve Injury-Induced Nociceptive Hypersensitivity by Activating NF-κB Pathway in Primary Sensory Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1267-1278. [PMID: 36627209 PMCID: PMC9962786 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2082-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of pain-associated genes in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is considered to be a molecular basis of neuropathic pain genesis. Fused in sarcoma (FUS), a DNA/RNA-binding protein, is a critical regulator of gene expression. However, whether it contributes to neuropathic pain is unknown. This study showed that peripheral nerve injury caused by the fourth lumbar (L4) spinal nerve ligation (SNL) or chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve produced a marked increase in the expression of FUS protein in injured DRG neurons. Blocking this increase through microinjection of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) 5-expressing Fus shRNA into the ipsilateral L4 DRG mitigated the SNL-induced nociceptive hypersensitivities in both male and female mice. This microinjection also alleviated the SNL-induced increases in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the ipsilateral L4 dorsal horn. Furthermore, mimicking this increase through microinjection of AAV5 expressing full-length Fus mRNA into unilateral L3/4 DRGs produced the elevations in the levels of p-ERK1/2 and GFAP in the dorsal horn, enhanced responses to mechanical, heat and cold stimuli, and induced the spontaneous pain on the ipsilateral side of both male and female mice in the absence of SNL. Mechanistically, the increased FUS activated the NF-κB signaling pathway by promoting the translocation of p65 into the nucleus and phosphorylation of p65 in the nucleus from injured DRG neurons. Our results indicate that DRG FUS contributes to neuropathic pain likely through the activation of NF-κB in primary sensory neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the present study, we reported that fused in sarcoma (FUS), a DNA/RNA-binding protein, is upregulated in injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following peripheral nerve injury. This upregulation is responsible for nerve injury-induced translocation of p65 into the nucleus and phosphorylation of p65 in the nucleus from injured DRG neurons. Because blocking this upregulation alleviates nerve injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity, DRG FUS participates in neuropathic pain likely through the activation of NF-κB in primary sensory neurons. FUS may be a potential target for neuropathic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Chun-Hsien Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Long He
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Cynthia Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - John Nivar
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Steve Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
- Departments of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
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Santamaria-Anzures J, Pérez-Ramos J, Mendoza-Pérez F, Godínez-Chaparro B. Pramipexole inhibits formalin-induce acute and long-lasting mechanical hypersensitivity via NF-kB pathway in rats. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:253-261. [PMID: 36651647 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pain is one of the most frequent causes for patients to seek medical care. It interferes with daily functioning and affects the quality of life of the patient. There is a clear need to investigate nonopioid or non-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug alternatives for the treatment of pain. In this study, we determined the effect of acute pre- and posttreatment with pramipexole (PPX), a dopamine D2/D3 selective agonist, on formalin 1%-induced acute and long-lasting nociceptive behavior sensitivity in rats. Moreover, we sought to investigate whether the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effect induced by PPX was mediated through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB) signaling pathway. Moreover, acute systemic pretreatment with PPX (1 and 3 mg/kg, ip) suppressed the formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during both phases of the formalin test and the development of formalin-induced secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia in both paws. Acute systemic posttreatment with PPX (3 mg/kg, ip) reverted the formalin-induced long-lasting secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. Furthermore, PPX inhibits the protein expression of NF-κB-p65 and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the spinal cord of animals with secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by formalin. These data suggest that PPX has a potential role in producing anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects induced by PPX can be mediated through the NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín Santamaria-Anzures
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia Pérez-Ramos
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Mendoza-Pérez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Godínez-Chaparro
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang Q, Li HY, Ling ZM, Chen G, Wei ZY. Inhibition of Schwann cell pannexin 1 attenuates neuropathic pain through the suppression of inflammatory responses. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:244. [PMID: 36195881 PMCID: PMC9531429 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is still a challenge for clinical treatment as a result of the comprehensive pathogenesis. Although emerging evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of glial cells in regulating neuropathic pain, the role of Schwann cells and their underlying mechanisms still need to be uncovered. Pannexin 1 (Panx 1), an important membrane channel for the release of ATP and inflammatory cytokines, as well as its activation in central glial cells, contributes to pain development. Here, we hypothesized that Schwann cell Panx 1 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and contributes to neuropathic pain. METHODS A mouse model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) in CD1 adult mice or P0-Cre transgenic mice, and in vitro cultured Schwann cells were used. Intrasciatic injection with Panx 1 blockers or the desired virus was used to knock down the expression of Panx 1. Mechanical and thermal sensitivity was assessed using Von Frey and a hot plate assay. The expression of Panx 1 was measured using qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The production of cytokines was monitored through qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Panx1 channel activity was detected by ethidium bromide (EB) uptake. RESULTS CCI induced persistent neuroinflammatory responses and upregulation of Panx 1 in Schwann cells. Intrasciatic injection of Panx 1 blockers, carbenoxolone (CBX), probenecid, and Panx 1 mimetic peptide (10Panx) effectively reduced mechanical and heat hyperalgesia. Probenecid treatment of CCI-induced mice significantly reduced Panx 1 expression in Schwann cells, but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). In addition, Panx 1 knockdown in Schwann cells with Panx 1 shRNA-AAV in P0-Cre mice significantly reduced CCI-induced neuropathic pain. To determine whether Schwann cell Panx 1 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and contributes to neuropathic pain, we evaluated its effect in LPS-treated Schwann cells. We found that inhibition of Panx 1 via CBX and Panx 1-siRNA effectively attenuated the production of selective cytokines, as well as its mechanism of action being dependent on both Panx 1 channel activity and its expression. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that CCI-related neuroinflammation correlates with Panx 1 activation in Schwann cells, indicating that inhibition of Panx 1 channels in Schwann cells reduces neuropathic pain through the suppression of neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Han-Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Ling
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Liu XG. Normalization of Neuroinflammation: A New Strategy for Treatment of Persistent Pain and Memory/Emotional Deficits in Chronic Pain. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5201-5233. [PMID: 36110505 PMCID: PMC9469940 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, which affects around 1/3 of the world population and is often comorbid with memory deficit and mood depression, is a leading source of suffering and disability. Studies in past decades have shown that hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons resulting from abnormal expression of ion channels and central sensitization mediated pathological synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation in spinal dorsal horn, underlie the persistent pain. The memory/emotional deficits are associated with impaired synaptic connectivity in hippocampus. Dysregulation of numerous endogenous proteins including receptors and intracellular signaling molecules is involved in the pathological processes. However, increasing knowledge contributes little to clinical treatment. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the neuroinflammation, characterized by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial activation, is reliably detected in humans and animals with chronic pain, and is sufficient to induce persistent pain and memory/emotional deficits. The abnormal expression of ion channels and pathological synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn and in hippocampus are resulting from neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammation is initiated and maintained by the interactions of circulating monocytes, glial cells and neurons. Obviously, unlike infectious diseases and cancer, which are caused by pathogens or malignant cells, chronic pain is resulting from alterations of cells and molecules which have numerous physiological functions. Therefore, normalization (counterbalance) but not simple inhibition of the neuroinflammation is the right strategy for treating neuronal disorders. Currently, no such agent is available in clinic. While experimental studies have demonstrated that intracellular Mg2+ deficiency is a common feature of chronic pain in animal models and supplement Mg2+ are capable of normalizing the neuroinflammation, activation of upregulated proteins that promote recovery, such as translocator protein (18k Da) or liver X receptors, has a similar effect. In this article, relevant experimental and clinical evidence is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang X. An Update on the Multifaceted Role of NF-kappaB in Endometriosis. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4400-4413. [PMID: 35864971 PMCID: PMC9295070 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis remains a common but challenging gynecological disease among reproductive-aged women with an unclear pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Numerous pieces of evidence suggest that NF-κB signaling, a major regulator of inflammatory responses, is overactive in endometriotic lesions and contributes to the onset, progression, and recurrence of endometriosis. Several factors, such as estrogen, progesterone, oxidative stress, and noncoding RNAs, can regulate NF-κB signaling in endometriosis. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms by which these factors regulate NF-κB during endometriosis progression and provide an update on the role of NF-κB in affecting endometriotic cells, peritoneal macrophages (PMs) as well as endometriosis-related symptoms, such as pain and infertility. Furthermore, the preclinical drugs for blocking NF-κB signaling in endometriosis are summarized, including plant-derived medicines, NF-κB inhibitors, other known drugs, and the potential anti-NF-κB drugs predicted through the Drug-Gene Interaction Database. The present review discusses most of the studies concerning the multifaceted role of NF-κB signaling in endometriosis and provides a summary of NF-κB-targeted treatment in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmeng Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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7
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Zhang J, Mai CL, Xiong Y, Lin ZJ, Jie YT, Mai JZ, Liu C, Xie MX, Zhou X, Liu XG. The Causal Role of Magnesium Deficiency in the Neuroinflammation, Pain Hypersensitivity and Memory/Emotional Deficits in Ovariectomized and Aged Female Mice. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6633-6656. [PMID: 34908863 PMCID: PMC8665878 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s330894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Postmenopausal women often suffer from chronic pain, memory decline and mood depression. The mechanisms underlying the neuronal disorders are not fully understood, and effective treatment is still lacking. Methods Oral administration of magnesium-L-threonate was tested to treat the neuronal disorders in ovariectomized and aged female mice. The pain hypersensitivity, memory function and depression-like behaviors were measured with a set of behavioral tests. Western blots, immunochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to assess molecular changes. Results Chronic oral administration of magnesium-L-threonate substantially prevented or reversed the chronic pain and memory/emotional deficits in both ovariectomized and aged female mice. We found that phospho-p65, an active form of nuclear factor-kappaB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta were significantly upregulated in the neurons of dorsal root ganglion, spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus in ovariectomized and aged mice. The microglia and astrocytes were activated in spinal dorsal horn and hippocampus. Calcitonin gene–related peptide, a marker for peptidergic C-fibers, was upregulated in dorsal horn, which is associated with potentiation of C-fiber-mediated synaptic transmission in the model mice. In parallel with neuroinflammation and synaptic potentiation, free Mg2+ levels in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and in dorsal root ganglion neurons were significantly reduced. Oral magnesium-L-threonate normalized the neuroinflammation, synaptic potentiation and Mg2+ deficiency, but did not affect the estrogen decline in ovariectomized and aged mice. Furthermore, in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, estrogen at physiological concentration elevated intracellular Mg2+, and downregulated phospho-p65, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta exclusively in the presence of extracellular Mg2+. Conclusion Estrogen decline in menopause may cause neuroinflammation by reducing intracellular Mg2+ in neurons, leading to chronic pain, memory/emotional deficits. Supplement Mg2+ by oral magnesium-L-threonate may be a novel approach for treating menopause-related neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lin Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jia Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Tao Jie
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Zhen Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Xiu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Guo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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IKBKB siRNA-Encapsulated Poly (Lactic- co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles Diminish Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting Microglial Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115657. [PMID: 34073390 PMCID: PMC8203094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in microglia plays a decisive role in the progress of neuropathic pain, and the inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) is a protein that blocks the activation of NF-κB and is degraded by the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit beta (IKBKB). The role of IKBKB is to break down IκB, which blocks the activity of NF-kB. Therefore, it prevents the activity of NK-kB. This study investigated whether neuropathic pain can be reduced in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rats by reducing the activity of microglia by delivering IKBKB small interfering RNA (siRNA)-encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. PLGA nanoparticles, as a carrier for the delivery of IKBKB genes silencer, were used because they have shown potential to enhance microglial targeting. SNL rats were injected with IKBKB siRNA-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles intrathecally for behavioral tests on pain response. IKBKB siRNA was delivered for suppressing the expression of IKBKB. In rats injected with IKBKB siRNA-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles, allodynia caused by mechanical stimulation was reduced, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators due to NF-κB was reduced. Delivering IKBKB siRNA through PLGA nanoparticles can effectively control the inflammatory response and is worth studying as a treatment for neuropathic pain.
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9
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Nonsurgical mouse model of endometriosis-associated pain that responds to clinically active drugs. Pain 2021; 161:1321-1331. [PMID: 32132396 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of women. Debilitating pelvic or abdominal pain is one of its major clinical features. Current animal models of endometriosis-associated pain require surgery either to implant tissue or to remove the ovaries. Moreover, existing models do not induce spontaneous pain, which is the primary symptom of patients with chronic pain, including endometriosis. A lack of models that accurately recapitulate the disease phenotype must contribute to the high failure rate of clinical trials for analgesic drugs directed at chronic pain, including those for endometriosis. We set out to establish a murine model of endometriosis-associated pain. Endometriosis was induced nonsurgically by injecting a dissociated uterine horn into a recipient mouse. The induced lesions exhibited histological features that resemble human lesions along with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. We also observed the presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide-, TRPA1-, and TRPV1-expressing nerve fibers in the lesions. This model induced mechanical allodynia, spontaneous abdominal pain, and changes in thermal selection behavior that indicate discomfort. These behavioral changes were reduced by drugs used clinically for endometriosis, specifically letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) and danazol (androgen). Endometriosis also induced neuronal changes as evidenced by activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in TRPA1- and TRPV1-expressing dorsal root ganglion neurons. In conclusion, we have established a model of endometriosis-associated pain that responds to clinically active drugs and can, therefore, be used to identify novel therapies.
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Wang P, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Xu D, Wang H, Liu D, Xu S, Sun Y. MicroRNA-139-5p Promotes Functional Recovery and Reduces Pain Hypersensitivity in Mice with Spinal Cord Injury by Targeting Mammalian Sterile 20-like Kinase 1. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:349-357. [PMID: 33211272 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no cure for spinal cord injury (SCI), a heavy burden on patients physiology and psychology. We found that microRNA-139-5p (miR-139-5p) expression was significantly downregulated in damaged spinal cords in mice. So, we aimed to test the effect of treatment with miR-139-5p on functional recovery and neuropathic pain in mice with SCI and investigate the underlying mechanism. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-139-5p directly targeted mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1), and miR-139-5p treatment suppressed Mst1 protein expression in damaged spinal cords of mice. Wild-type mice and Mst1(-/-) mice were exposed to SCI and treated with miR-139-5p agomir via intrathecal infusion. Treatment of SCI mice with miR-139-5p accelerated locomotor functional recovery, reduced hypersensitivities to mechanical and thermal stimulations, and promoted neuronal survival in damaged spinal cords. Treatment with miR-139-5p enhanced phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα), improved mitochondrial function, and suppressed NF-κB-related inflammation in damaged spinal cords. Deficiency of Mst1 had similar benefits in mice with SCI. Furthermore, miR-139-5p treatment did not provide further protection in Mst1(-/-) mice against SCI. In conclusion, miR-139-5p treatment enhanced functional recovery and reduced pain hypersensitivity in mice with SCI, possibly through targeting Mst1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Wang
- War and Traumat Emergency Centre, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sanxiang Road 1055, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yuntong Zhang
- War and Traumat Emergency Centre, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Xia
- War and Traumat Emergency Centre, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dayuan Xu
- War and Traumat Emergency Centre, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- War and Traumat Emergency Centre, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sanxiang Road 1055, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Shuogui Xu
- War and Traumat Emergency Centre, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sanxiang Road 1055, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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11
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Liu N, Zhang GX, Niu YT, Wang Q, Zheng J, Yang JM, Sun T, Niu JG, Yu JQ. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indigo through regulating the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:8537-8546. [PMID: 33084638 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02574j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indigo in mice and explored the possible related mechanisms. Xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability tests were used in investigating the anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-nociceptive effects of indigo were assessed through acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate test, and formalin test, and spontaneous locomotor activity and motor performance were evaluated. The mechanisms of activities of indigo were explored by evaluating the expression levels of IκB kinase (IKK)β, p-IKKβ, inhibitor κB (IκB)α, p-IκBα, p65 nuclear factor (NF)-kB, p-p65 NF-κB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) through western blotting and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that indigo significantly reduced xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeation. In addition, indigo significantly inhibited nociception induced by acetic acid and formalin. However, the level of nociception was not decreased by indigo in the hot plate test, and indigo did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity and motor performance. The expression levels of p-IKKβ, p-IκBα, p65 NF-kB, p-p65 NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 decreased, whereas the expression level of IκBα increased obviously after indigo treatment. In conclusion, indigo exerts significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in mice by inhibiting IKKβ phosphorylation and reducing the production of important pain mediators, such as PGE2 and COX-2, via the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
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12
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Jiang BC, Liu T, Gao YJ. Chemokines in chronic pain: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Dual dose-related effects evoked by CCL4 on thermal nociception after gene delivery or exogenous administration in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Jones M, Wen J, Selvaraj P, Tanaka M, Moran S, Zhang Y. Therapeutic Effect of the Substrate-Selective COX-2 Inhibitor IMMA in the Animal Model of Chronic Constriction Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1481. [PMID: 30618769 PMCID: PMC6305478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling has emerged as an attractive strategy for the treatment of pain. In addition to the well-characterized hydrolytic pathways, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediated oxygenation is thought to be an alternative route for endocannabinoid metabolism and therefore provides a new avenue for drug intervention. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effect of indomethacin morpholinamide (IMMA), a novel substrate-selective COX-2 inhibitor, in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model. Treatment with IMMA significantly alleviated hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia demonstrated by increased thermal withdrawal latency in Hargreaves test and tactile thresholds in Von Frey test. Accumulation of astrocytes and microglia in spinal cord dorsal horn and infiltration of macrophages into the dorsal root ganglion and sciatic nerve were reduced by drug treatment. Co-administration of the CB2 receptor antagonist, but not the CB1 receptor antagonist partially reversed the inhibitory effect of IMMA on pain sensitivity and inflammatory infiltrates. IMMA downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β and the production of IL-6 and MCP-1 proteins in the ipsilateral sciatic nerve. The enhanced NF-κB DNA binding activity in the CCI mouse dorsal spinal cord was also significantly reduced, suggesting that inactivation of NF-κB contributes to the anti-inflammatory property of IMMA. However, different from the previous reports showing that IMMA can increase endocannabinoids without interfering with arachidonic acid metabolism, treatment with IMMA failed to elevate the endogenous levels of AEA and 2-AG, but significantly reduced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of enzymes involved in PGE2 production, COX-2 and prostaglandin E synthase 2 in the ipsilateral sciatic nerve was also suppressed by IMMA treatment. Taken together, these results suggested that IMMA might exert anti-nociceptive effects through multiple mechanisms which include, but are not limited to, CB2 receptor activation and reduced PGE2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Jones
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Prabhuanand Selvaraj
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mikiei Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sean Moran
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Cook AD, Christensen AD, Tewari D, McMahon SB, Hamilton JA. Immune Cytokines and Their Receptors in Inflammatory Pain. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:240-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Altmann C, Hardt S, Fischer C, Heidler J, Lim HY, Häussler A, Albuquerque B, Zimmer B, Möser C, Behrends C, Koentgen F, Wittig I, Schmidt MH, Clement AM, Deller T, Tegeder I. Progranulin overexpression in sensory neurons attenuates neuropathic pain in mice: Role of autophagy. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:294-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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17
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Altmann C, Vasic V, Hardt S, Heidler J, Häussler A, Wittig I, Schmidt MHH, Tegeder I. Progranulin promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and reinnervation: role of notch signaling. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:69. [PMID: 27770818 PMCID: PMC5075406 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injury is a frequent cause of lasting motor deficits and chronic pain. Although peripheral nerves are capable of regrowth they often fail to re-innervate target tissues. Results Using newly generated transgenic mice with inducible neuronal progranulin overexpression we show that progranulin accelerates axonal regrowth, restoration of neuromuscular synapses and recovery of sensory and motor functions after injury of the sciatic nerve. Oppositely, progranulin deficient mice have long-lasting deficits in motor function tests after nerve injury due to enhanced losses of motor neurons and stronger microglia activation in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Deep proteome and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the proteins upregulated in progranulin overexpressing mice were involved in ‘regulation of transcription’ and ‘response to insulin’ (GO terms). Transcription factor prediction pointed to activation of Notch signaling and indeed, co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that progranulin bound to the extracellular domain of Notch receptors, and this was functionally associated with higher expression of Notch target genes in the dorsal root ganglia of transgenic mice with neuronal progranulin overexpression. Functionally, these transgenic mice recovered normal gait and running, which was not achieved by controls and was stronger impaired in progranulin deficient mice. Conclusion We infer that progranulin activates Notch signaling pathways, enhancing thereby the regenerative capacity of partially injured neurons, which leads to improved motor function recovery. Graphical abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0132-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Altmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Verica Vasic
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratories, Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hardt
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- Functional Proteomics, SFB815 Core Unit, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annett Häussler
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB815 Core Unit, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratories, Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
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18
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Huo Y, Wang D, Hong Y. Adrenomedullin mediates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced responses in dorsal root ganglia in rats. Brain Res 2016; 1644:183-91. [PMID: 27184601 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family, has been demonstrated to be a pain peptide. This study investigated the possible involvement of AM in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced responses contributing to neuronal plasticity in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Exposure of the DRG explant cultures to TNF-α (5nM) for 48h upregulated the expression of AM mRNA. The treatment with TNF-α also increased the level of CGRP, CCL-2 and MMP-9 mRNA in the cultured DRG. This increase was attenuated by the co-treatment with the selective AM receptor antagonist AM22-52 (2μM). The blockade of AM receptors inhibited TNF-α-induced increase of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and nuclear factor kappa B (pNF-κB) proteins. On the other hand, the treatment with the AM receptor agonist AM1-50 (10nM) for 96h induced an increase in the level of GFAP, IL-1β, pCREB and pNF-κB proteins. The inhibition of AM activity did not change TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (pERK) while the treatment with AM1-50 still increased the level of pERK in the cultured DRG. Immunofluorescence assay showed the colocalization of AM-like immunoreactivity (IR) with TNF-α-IR in DRG neurons. The present study suggests that the increased AM receptor signaling mediated the many, but not all, TNF-α-induced activities, contributing to peripheral sensitization in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Yuanhui Huo
- College of Life Sciences and Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Yanguo Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China.
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19
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Jiang L, Wu Q, Yang T. Silencing of Id2 Alleviates Chronic Neuropathic Pain Following Chronic Constriction Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:99-105. [PMID: 26768262 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (Id2) belongs to a helix-loop-helix family of proteins. Recent studies have showed that Id2 plays a pivotal role in neuronal survival and neuroprotection. However, under neuropathic pain conditions, the role of Id2 is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Id2 on neuropathic pain in a rat chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Our results demonstrated that Id2 was upregulated in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a CCI rat in a time-dependent manner. Intrathecal short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-Id2 attenuates mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats, and inhibits the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the DRG in CCI rats. Furthermore, knockdown of Id2 reduces the expression of NF-κB p65 in the DRG of CCI rats. Taken together, our findings suggest that knockdown of Id2 may alleviate neuropathic pain by inhibiting the NF-κB activation to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, Id2 may provide an important target of neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuming Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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20
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Möser CV, Stephan H, Altenrath K, Kynast KL, Russe OQ, Olbrich K, Geisslinger G, Niederberger E. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) modulates inflammatory hyperalgesia by regulating MAP kinases and NF-κB dependent genes. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:100. [PMID: 25997745 PMCID: PMC4449530 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TANK-binding kinase (TBK1) is a non-canonical IκB kinase (IKK) involved in the regulation of type I interferons and of NF-κB signal transduction. It is activated by viral infections and inflammatory mediators and has therefore been associated with viral diseases, obesity, and rheumatoid arthritis. Its role in pain has not been investigated so far. Due to the important roles of NF-κB, classical IκB Kinases and the IKK-related kinase, IKKε, in inflammatory nociception, we hypothesized that TBK1, which is suggested to form a complex with IKKε under certain conditions, might also alter the inflammatory nociceptive response. METHODS We investigated TBK1 expression and regulation in "pain-relevant" tissues of C57BL/6 mice by immunofluorescence, quantitative PCR, and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, nociceptive responses and the underlying signal transduction pathways were assessed using TBK1(-/-) mice in two models of inflammatory nociception. RESULTS Our data show that TBK1 is expressed and regulated in the spinal cord after peripheral nociceptive stimulation and that a deletion of TBK1 alleviated the inflammatory hyperalgesia in mice while motor function and acute nociception were not altered. TBK1-mediated effects are at least partially mediated by regulation of NF-κB dependent COX-2 induction but also by alteration of expression of c-fos via modulation of MAP kinases as shown in the spinal cord of mice and in cell culture experiments. CONCLUSION We suggest that TBK1 exerts pronociceptive effects in inflammatory nociception which are due to both modulation of NF-κB dependent genes and regulation of MAPKs and c-fos. Inhibition of TBK1 might therefore constitute a novel effective tool for analgesic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine V Möser
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heike Stephan
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Altenrath
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina L Kynast
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Otto Q Russe
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Olbrich
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ellen Niederberger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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21
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Kallenborn-Gerhardt W, Hohmann SW, Syhr KMJ, Schröder K, Sisignano M, Weigert A, Lorenz JE, Lu R, Brüne B, Brandes RP, Geisslinger G, Schmidtko A. Nox2-dependent signaling between macrophages and sensory neurons contributes to neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. Pain 2014; 155:2161-70. [PMID: 25139590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging lines of evidence indicate that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at distinct sites of the nociceptive system contributes to the processing of neuropathic pain. However, the mechanisms underlying ROS production during neuropathic pain processing are not fully understood. We here detected the ROS-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform Nox2 in macrophages of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in mice. In response to peripheral nerve injury, Nox2-positive macrophages were recruited to DRG, and ROS production was increased in a Nox2-dependent manner. Nox2-deficient mice displayed reduced neuropathic pain behavior after peripheral nerve injury, whereas their immediate responses to noxious stimuli were normal. Moreover, injury-induced upregulation of tumor necrosis factor α was absent, and activating transcription factor 3 induction was reduced in DRG of Nox2-deficient mice, suggesting an attenuated macrophage-neuron signaling. These data suggest that Nox2-dependent ROS production in macrophages recruited to DRG contributes to neuropathic pain hypersensitivity, underlining the observation that Nox-derived ROS exert specific functions during the processing of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Kallenborn-Gerhardt
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan W Hohmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina M J Syhr
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jana E Lorenz
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ruirui Lu
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology - Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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22
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Wang F, Stefano GB, Kream RM. Epigenetic modification of DRG neuronal gene expression subsequent to nerve injury: etiological contribution to complex regional pain syndromes (Part II). Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1188-200. [PMID: 25027291 PMCID: PMC4106931 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulating evidence indicated that nerve injury-associated cellular and molecular changes play an essential role in contributing to the development of pathological pain, and more recent findings implicated the critical role of epigenetic mechanisms in pain-related sensitization in the DRG subsequent to nerve injury. In this part of the dyad review (Part II), we reviewed and paid special attention on the etiological contribution of DGR gene expression modulated by epigenetic mechanisms of CRPS. As essential effectors to different molecular activation, we first discussed the activation of various signaling pathways that subsequently from nerve injury, and in further illustrated the fundamental and functional underpinnings of nerve injury-induced pain, in which we argued for the potential epigenetic mechanisms in response to sensitizing stimuli or injury. Therefore, understanding the specific mediating factors that influence individual epigenetic differences contributing to pain sensitivity and responsiveness to analgesics possesses crucial clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (mainland)
| | - George B Stefano
- Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, China (mainland)
| | - Richard M Kream
- Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, China (mainland)
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23
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Zhao H, Luo F, Li H, Zhang L, Yi Y, Wan J. Antinociceptive effect of tetrandrine on LPS-induced hyperalgesia via the inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation and the COX-2/PGE₂ pathway in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94586. [PMID: 24722146 PMCID: PMC3983227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isolated from the Stephania Tetrandra. It is known to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We have shown that TET can effectively suppress the production of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenases (COXs), in macrophages. However, whether TET has an antinociceptive effect on LPS-induced hyperalgesia is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the potential antinociceptive effects of TET and the mechanisms by which it elicits its effects on LPS-induced hyperalgesia. LPS effectively evoked hyperalgesia and induced the production of PGE2 in the sera, brain tissues, and cultured astroglia. TET pretreatment attenuated all of these effects. LPS also activated inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase β (IKKβ) and its downstream components in the IκB/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway, including COX-2; the increase in expression levels of these components was significantly abolished by TET. Furthermore, in primary astroglia, knockdown of IKKβ, but not IKKα, reversed the effects of TET on the LPS-induced increase in IκB phosphorylation, P65 phosphorylation, and COX-2. Our results suggest that TET can effectively exert antinociceptive effects on LPS-induced hyperalgesia in mice by inhibiting IKKβ phosphorylation, which leads to the reduction in the production of important pain mediators, such as PGE2 and COX-2, via the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengguang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuling Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Molecular oncology and epigenetics laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongfen Yi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Tumor Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YFY); (JYW)
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YFY); (JYW)
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24
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Bali KK, Venkataramani V, Satagopam VP, Gupta P, Schneider R, Kuner R. Transcriptional mechanisms underlying sensitization of peripheral sensory neurons by granulocyte-/granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors. Mol Pain 2013; 9:48. [PMID: 24067145 PMCID: PMC3852053 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated pain is a major cause of poor quality of life in cancer patients and is frequently resistant to conventional therapy. Recent studies indicate that some hematopoietic growth factors, namely granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), are abundantly released in the tumor microenvironment and play a key role in regulating tumor-nerve interactions and tumor-associated pain by activating receptors on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Moreover, these hematopoietic factors have been highly implicated in postsurgical pain, inflammatory pain and osteoarthritic pain. However, the molecular mechanisms via which G-/GMCSF bring about nociceptive sensitization and elicit pain are not known. RESULTS In order to elucidate G-/GMCSF mediated transcriptional changes in the sensory neurons, we performed a comprehensive, genome-wide analysis of changes in the transcriptome of DRG neurons brought about by exposure to GMCSF or GCSF. We present complete information on regulated genes and validated profiling analyses and report novel regulatory networks and interaction maps revealed by detailed bioinformatics analyses. Amongst these, we validate calpain 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and a RhoGTPase Rac1 as well as Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) as transcriptional targets of G-/GMCSF and demonstrate the importance of MMP9 and Rac1 in GMCSF-induced nociceptor sensitization. CONCLUSION With integrative approach of bioinformatics, in vivo pharmacology and behavioral analyses, our results not only indicate that transcriptional control by G-/GMCSF signaling regulates a variety of established pain modulators, but also uncover a large number of novel targets, paving the way for translational analyses in the context of pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Bali
- Institute for Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Institute for Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Venkata P Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, House of Biomedicine, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse. 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Institute for Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, House of Biomedicine, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse. 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Institute for Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Pain is an important survival mechanism for an organism. It can turn into severe mental and physical disorder however, if the molecular and/or cellular pathways involved in pain signaling are altered. Chronic pain is characterized by an altered pain perception that includes allodynia (a response to a normally non-noxious stimulus) and hyperalgesia (an exaggerated response to a normally noxious stimulus). Past few years of pain research has been mainly focused on precise understanding of the molecular and cellular nociceptive signatures altered during chronic pain, so that more effective pain relievers can be developed. The importance of protein kinases in normal cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis has evolved rapidly in the past few decades. The recent advancement defining the role of multiple protein kinases in regulating neuronal plasticity and pain sensitization has gained enough attention of pharmaceutical industry to develop specific and selective kinase inhibitors as analgesics. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is one such emerging kinase in pain biology. We will discuss here the recent advancement and therapeutic potential of Cdk5 in pain signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Kumar Pareek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lisa Zipp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John J Letterio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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