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Shim GY, Choi J, Kim HJ, Kwon R, Kim MS, Yoo MC, Rahmati M, Cho W, Yon DK. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Spine Pain, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 105:461-469. [PMID: 37956823 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the global, regional, national, and temporal trends in neck pain (NP) and low back pain (LBP) from 1990 to 2019 and analyze associations with age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). DESIGN Temporal trends analyses of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 data for global, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disabilities (YLDs) of NP and LBP from 1990 to 2019. SETTING Not applicable. PARTICIPANTS Not applicable. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The temporal trends in prevalence, incidence, and YLDs of NP and LBP, and associations with age, sex, and SDI. RESULTS Globally, the prevalence, incidence, and YLDs of NP and LBP significantly increased; however, the age-standardized rates of NP showed a stable trend, and those of LBP slightly decreased from 1990 to 2019. The burden of NP and LBP was higher in women than in men. Both NP and LBP exhibited similar age-related trends, with the total numbers and rates increasing with age and reaching their highest points in the middle- and old-aged groups, respectively, in 2019. Overall, the prevalence, incidence, and YLDs of NP and LBP were higher in regions with higher SDI over the 3 decades. CONCLUSIONS NP and LBP impose significant major public health burden globally. Although both conditions are more frequent in women and middle-aged groups and tend to be prevalent in countries with high SDI, they have distinct temporal and regional patterns. By comprehending temporospatial trends in the disease burden of NP and LBP, policymakers and health care professionals can make future interventions and policies to effectively manage these conditions worldwide as well as to achieve equity in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Yang Shim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungwoo Choi
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Wonyoung Cho
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wu A, Dong W, Zeng X, Xu X, Xu T, Zhang K, Tian H, Zhao J, Wang X, Zhou M. Neck pain is the leading cause of disability burden in China: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:777. [PMID: 34268390 PMCID: PMC8246184 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Neck pain (NP) is a common musculoskeletal problem; however, the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) of NP in China are still unclear. This study sought to estimate the age-, sex- and province-specific prevalence and YLD of NP in China. Methods Adopting the methodology framework and analytical strategies used in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (2017), the prevalence and YLD of NP in China were estimated by age, sex, year, and provinces/regions. Results In China, the age-standardized point prevalence rate of NP was 4,532.6 per 100,000 persons in 1990 and increased slightly to 4,634.4 per 100,000 persons in 2017. The prevalence of NP was 48.0 million in 1990 and rose dramatically to 87.3 million in 2017 (an increase of 82.0%). The age-standardized YLD rate of NP was 454.0 per 100,000 persons in 1990, and there was a slight increase to 465.6 per 100,000 persons in 2017. The all-age YLD of NP was 4.8 million in 1990 and rose to 8.8 million in 2017 (which represents an increase of 81.1%). In 1990, NP was the third leading cause of YLD in China, and in 2017, NP was the leading cause of disability burden. Conclusions This study estimated the prevalence and disability burden of NP in China. NP is currently the leading cause of disability burden in China; however, it is currently inadequately recognized and should receive further attention and be subject to further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Wu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Spine Research Centre, Orthopedic Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenlan Dong
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Zeng
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tingling Xu
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijun Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Spine Research Centre, Orthopedic Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Herman PM, Edgington SE, Sorbero ME, Hurwitz EL, Goertz CM, Coulter ID. Visit Frequency and Outcomes for Patients Using Ongoing Chiropractic Care for Chronic Low-Back and Neck Pain: An Observational Longitudinal Study. Pain Physician 2021; 24:E61-E74. [PMID: 33400439 PMCID: PMC8667562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic spinal pain is prevalent and long-lasting. Although provider-based nonpharmacologic therapies, such as chiropractic care, have been recommended, healthcare and coverage policies provide little guidance or evidence regarding long-term use of this care. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationships between visit frequency and outcomes for patients using ongoing chiropractic care for chronic spinal pain. STUDY DESIGN Observational 3-month longitudinal study. SETTING Data collected from patients of 124 chiropractic clinics in 6 United States regions. METHODS We examined the impact of visit frequency and patient characteristics on pain (pain 0-10 numeric rating scale) and functional outcomes (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] for low-back pain and Neck Disability Index [NDI] for neck pain, both 0-100 scale) using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) in a large national sample of chiropractic patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and/or chronic neck pain (CNP). This study was approved by the RAND Human Subjects Protection Committee and registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03162952. RESULTS One thousand, three hundred, sixty-two patients with CLBP and 1,214 with CNP were included in a series of HLM models. Unconditional (time-only) models showed patients on average had mild pain and function, and significant, but slight improvements in these over the 3-month observation period: back and neck pain decreased by 0.40 and 0.44 points, respectively; function improved by 2.7 (ODI) and 3.0 points (NDI) (all P < 0.001). Adding chiropractic visit frequency to the models revealed that those with worse baseline pain and function used more visits, but only visits more than once per week for those with CLBP were associated with significantly better improvement. These relationships remained when other types of visits and baseline patient characteristics were included. LIMITATIONS This is an observational study based on self-reported data from a sample representative of chiropractic patients, but not all patients with CLBP or CNP. CONCLUSIONS This 3-month window on chiropractic patients with CLBP and/or CNP revealed that they were improving, although slowly; may have reached maximum therapeutic improvement; and are possibly successfully managing their chronic pain using a variety of chiropractic visit frequencies. These results may inform payers when building coverage policies for ongoing chiropractic care for patients with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric L Hurwitz
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA; Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, M?noa, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Ian D Coulter
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA; 2University of California Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA; Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, CA
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Herman PM, Edgington SE, Hurwitz EL, Coulter ID. Predictors of visit frequency for patients using ongoing chiropractic care for chronic low back and chronic neck pain; analysis of observational data. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:298. [PMID: 32404152 PMCID: PMC7222295 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic spinal pain is prevalent, expensive and long-lasting. Several provider-based nonpharmacologic therapies have now been recommended for chronic low-back pain (CLBP) and chronic neck pain (CNP). However, healthcare and coverage policies provide little guidance or evidence regarding the long-term use of this care. To provide one glimpse into the long-term use of nonpharmacologic provider-based care, this study examines the predictors of visit frequency in a large sample of patients with CLBP and CNP using ongoing chiropractic care. METHODS Observational data were collected from a large national sample of chiropractic patients in the US with non-specific CLBP and CNP. Visit frequency was defined as average number of chiropractic visits per month over the 3-month study period. Potential baseline predictor variables were entered into two sets of multi-level models according to a defined causal theory-in this case, Anderson's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. RESULTS Our sample included 852 patients with CLBP and 705 with CNP. Visit frequency varied significantly by chiropractor/clinic, so our models controlled for this clustering. Patients with either condition used an average of 2.3 visits per month. In the final models visit frequency increased (0.44 visits per month, p = .008) for those with CLBP and some coverage for chiropractic, but coverage had little effect on visits for patients with CNP. Patients with worse function or just starting care also had more visits and those near to ending care had fewer visits. However, visit frequency was also determined by the chiropractor/clinic where treatment was received. Chiropractors who reported seeing more patients per day also had patients with higher visit frequency, and the patients of chiropractors with 20 to 30 years of experience had fewer visits per month. In addition, after controlling for both patient and chiropractor characteristics, the state in which care was received made a difference, likely through state-level policies and regulations. CONCLUSIONS Chiropractic patients with CLBP and CNP use a range of visit frequencies for their ongoing care. The predictors of these frequencies could be useful for understanding and developing policies for ongoing provider-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric L Hurwitz
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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