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Hussein LA, Magdy NN, Ibrahim MA. Stability-Indicating RP-UPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Azilsartan Medoxomil and Chlorthalidone in Tablets in the Presence of Its Degradation Products. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:213-219. [PMID: 30395199 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Azilsartan Medoxomil (AZL) angiotensin II receptor blocker and chlorthalidone (CLT) were determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method in their combined dosage form, they were both subjected to forced degradation studies under extensive stress conditions. The method is a stability indicating by resolving the investigated drugs from their degradation products. Moreover, the degradation products for both drugs obtained from forced degradation were subjected to LC-MS for structure elucidation. The UPLC technique depends on the measurement of spectra for AZL and CLT at 254 nm. Linearity, accuracy and intermediate precision were acceptable over the concentration range of 67.2-268.8 and 40-160 μg/mL for AZL and CLT, respectively. The method was applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their dosage forms. The UPLC method is inexpensive, simple and considered as green chemistry method for the routine analysis and quality control of both drugs in their combined dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna A Hussein
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy N Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael A Ibrahim
- Research and Development Department, Eva Pharma for Pharmaceutical and Medical Appliances, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Spectrophotometric determination of chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical formulations using different order derivative methods. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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3
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Aydoǧmuş Z. Simultaneous determination of aliskiren, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in spiked human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Stability-indicating RP-LC method for determination of azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical dosage forms: application to degradation kinetics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6701-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ebeid WM, Elkady EF, El-Zaher AA, El-Bagary RI, Patonay G. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric studies on azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone to be utilized in their determination in pharmaceuticals. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2014; 9:33-40. [PMID: 24855334 PMCID: PMC4022702 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently approved angiotensin II receptor blocker, azilsartan medoxomil (AZL), was determined spectrophotometrically and spectrofluorimetrically in its combination with chlorthalidone (CLT) in their combined dosage form. The UV-spectrophotometric technique depends on simultaneous measurement of the first derivative spectra for AZL and CLT at 286 and 257 nm, respectively, in methanol. The spectrofluorimetric technique depends on measurement of the fourth derivative of the synchronous spectra intensities of AZL in presence of CLT at 298 nm in methanol. The effects of different solvents on spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric responses were studied. For, the spectrofluorimetric study, the effect of pH and micelle-assisted fluorescence enhancement were also studied. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were found to be satisfactory over the concentration ranges of 8–50 μg mL−1 and 2–20 μg mL−1 for AZL and CLT, respectively, in the spectrophotometric method as well as 0.01–0.08 μg mL−1 for AZL in the spectrofluorimetric method. The methods were successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their co-formulated tablets. The developed methods are inexpensive and simple for the quality control and routine analysis of the cited drugs in bulk and in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid M Ebeid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. ; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ehab F Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A El-Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramzia I El-Bagary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gabor Patonay
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Belal TS, Shaalan RA, El Yazbi FA, Elonsy SM. Validated Stability-Indicating HPLC–DAD Determination of the Antihypertensive Binary Mixture of Carvedilol and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablet Dosage Forms. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Meseguer-Lloret S, Torres-Cartas S, Gómez-Benito MC. Flow injection photoinduced chemiluminescence determination of imazalil in water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:3175-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Analytical applications of photoinduced chemiluminescence in flow systems—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Pontinha A, Oliveira S, Oliveira-Brett A. Electrochemical Oxidation of Metolazone at a Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Alnajjar AO. Simultaneous CE Determination of Captopril and Indapamide in Pharmaceuticals and Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mervartová K, Polásek M, Martínez Calatayud J. Recent applications of flow-injection and sequential-injection analysis techniques to chemiluminescence determination of pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:367-81. [PMID: 17900844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A review is presented on the state of the art of the chemiluminescence analysis of pharmaceuticals by the two most relevant automated controlled-flow methodologies--flow-injection analysis (FIA) and sequential-injection analysis (SIA). The current chemiluminometric applications of FIA and SIA in pharmaceutical analysis are discussed with special emphasis on the analytical figures of merit and sample matrix characteristics. The review involving 211 references and covering papers published between 2001 and 2006 is divided into several sections according to the fundamental types of chemiluminescence systems employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Mervartová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Adcock JL, Francis PS, Barnett NW. Acidic potassium permanganate as a chemiluminescence reagent—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 601:36-67. [PMID: 17904470 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A critical and comprehensive review of acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence is presented. This includes discussion on reaction conditions, the influence of enhancers such as polyphosphates, formaldehyde and sulfite, the relationship between analyte structure and chemiluminescence intensity, and the application of this chemistry to determine a wide variety of compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, biomolecules, antioxidants, illicit drugs, pesticides and pollutants. Previous proposals for the nature of the emitting species are re-evaluated in light of recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui L Adcock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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Murillo Pulgarín JA, Molina AA, Nieto GPO. Rapid determination of hydroflumethiazide in dosage forms by time-resolved chemiluminescence. Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Climent TG, Albert‐García JR, Martínez Calatayud J. Photo‐Induced Chemiluminometric Determination of Acrolein in a Multicommutation Flow Assembly. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600966085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Cvetanovic I, Ranade V, Molnar J, Whelton A, Somberg J. The evaluation of the diuretic action of parenteral formulations of metolazone. Am J Ther 2007; 14:25-9. [PMID: 17303972 DOI: 10.1097/01.mjt.0000212710.65787.9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study was design to compare the diuretic and natriuretic effects of the 2 parenteral formulations of metolazone and the combination of these 2 formulations of metolazone with the parenteral administration of furosemide. Metolazone is an anthracrene acid derivate and manifests a dual diuretic effect on the proximal and distal tubule with a minimal kaluretic effect. It is currently only marketed in an orally administrable formulation, and this has limited its utility in critically ill patients. Metolazone given orally and furosemide given orally or parenterally are frequently administrated together when furosemide alone is clinically inadequate at producing a desired diuresis. METHODS Sprague Dawley male rats (400 to 450 g) were divided into groups to receive a parenteral formulation of metolazone or furosemide administrated separately intraperitoneally (IP) or administrated IP in combination with one another. Tris buffer-administered IP was used as a control vehicle comparator. The urine volume voided over the following 24 hours was collected, measured and analyzed for sodium content. RESULTS Vehicle (Tris buffer) caused 9 +/- 1 mL/d output of urine with a sodium [Na+] concentration of 194 +/- 41 micromol/L (n=6 per group). Metolazone 2 mg/kg resulted in 16 +/- 3 mL/d urine output and sodium [Na+] of 278 +/- 76 micromol/L (n=6 per group). Furosemide 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg resulted in a volume of urine 9 +/- 1, 14 +/- 2 and 17 +/- 2 mL/d and [Na+] micromol/L of 194 +/- 41, 206 +/- 108, and 229 +/- 91, respectively. Metolazone 4 mg/kg combined with furosemide 4 mg/kg resulted in a urine volume of 21 +/- 1 mL/d and [Na+] of 326 +/- 108 micromol/L. CONCLUSION Combining metolazone and furosemide can cause an increase in urine volume and sodium excretion. Metolazone administrated parenterally in combination with the parenteral administration of furosemide appears to have an important clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cvetanovic
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Gil García MD, Martínez Galera M, Santiago Valverde R. New method for the photo-chemiluminometric determination of benzoylurea insecticides based on acetonitrile chemiluminescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:1973-81. [PMID: 17205265 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The viability of tandem photochemical reaction-chemiluminescence detection has been studied for the determination of five benzoylurea insecticides, namely, diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron and flufenoxuron. The 'on-line' photochemical reaction of benzoylurea pesticides provides an enhanced chemiluminescence response of the pesticides during their oxidation by potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and sodium hydroxide, whose signal increases with the percentage of acetonitrile in the reaction medium. The determination was performed using a photoreactor consisting of a PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) tube reactor coil (5 mx1.6-mm O.D. and 0.8-mm I.D.) and an 8-W xenon lamp. As the yield of the photoderivatization process and the chemiluminescent signals depend on the percentage of acetonitrile, the chromatographic column (a Gemini C18, Phenomenex 150 mmx4.6 mm, 5-microm particle size) was chosen with the aim of using high percentages of this organic solvent in the mobile phase. Previous studies showed that the rate of the chemiluminescent reaction was very fast. Therefore, a modification was carried out in the detector in order to mix the analytes and reactants as near as possible to the measure cell. The optimised method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, limits of detection and quantification accuracy. Under the optimised conditions, linear working range extends three orders of magnitude with the relative standard deviation of intra-day precision below 10% and detection limits between 0.012 and 0.18 microg mL-1, according to the compound. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of benzoylureas in cucumber with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Gil García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Almeria, 04061, Almeria, Spain
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Amorim CMPG, Albert-García JR, Montenegro MCBS, Araújo AN, Calatayud JM. Photo-induced chemiluminometric determination of Karbutilate in a continuous-flow Multicommutation assembly. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:421-7. [PMID: 16930910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present paper deals with the chemiluminescent determination of the herbicide Karbutilate on the basis of its previous photodegradation by using a low-pressure Hg lamp as UV source in a continuous-flow multicommutation assembly (a solenoid valves set). The pesticide solution was segmented by a solenoid valve and sequentially alternated with segments of the 0.001 mol l(-1) of NaOH solution, the suitable media for the formation of photo-fragments; then it passes through the photo-reactor and was lead to the flow-cell after being divided in small segments which were sequentially alternated with the oxidizing system; 2 x 10(-5) mol l(-1) of potassium permanganate in 0.2% pyrophosphoric acid. The studied calibration range, from 0.1 microg l(-1) to 65 mg l(-1), resulted in a linear behaviour over the range 20 microg l(-1)-20 mg l(-1) and fitting the linear equation: I=(1180+/-30)C+(15+/-5) with the correlation coefficient 0.9998. The limit of detection was 10 microg l(-1) and the sample throughput 17 h(-1). After testing the influence of a large series of potential interfering species, the method was applied to water and human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M P G Amorim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Galera MM, García MDG, Valverde RS. Determination of nine pyrethroid insecticides by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column photoderivatization and detection based on acetonitrile chemiluminescence. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1113:191-7. [PMID: 16516905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC method was developed to determine pyrethroids, including fenpropathrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, acrinathrin, tau-fluvalinate, and bifenthrin, by coupling HPLC, post-column irradiation with UV light and chemiluminescence detection of the resulting photoproducts. It is based on the observation that photolyzed pyrethroids take part in a chemiluminescent reaction in presence of K3Fe(CN)6 and NaOH, whose signal increases with the percentage of acetonitrile in the reaction medium. As the yield of the photoderivatization process and the chemiluminescent signals depend on the percentage of acetonitrile, the chromatographic column (a Gemini C18, Phenomenex 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm particle size) was chosen with the aim of using high percentages of this organic solvent in the mobile phase. Previous studies showed that the rate of the chemiluminescent reaction was very fast. Therefore, a modification was carried out in the detector in order to mix the analytes and reactives as near as possible to the measure cell. The optimised method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, limits of detection and quantification accuracy. Under the optimised conditions, linear working range extends three orders of magnitude with the relative standard deviation on intra-day precision below 10% and detection limits between 0.013 and 0.049 microg mL(-1), according to the compound. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of pyrethroids in tomato with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez Galera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Almería, 04061 Almería, Spain.
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Bhavesh D, Srinivasa P, Parag P, Brijesh P, Shivprakash R, Kumar VP. Development and Validation an LC Method for the Determination of Bendroflumethiazide in Human Plasma and its Pharmacokinetics. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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