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Zounr RA, Khuhawar MY, Khuhawar TMJ, Lanjwani MF, Khuhawar MY. GC Analysis of Metformin, Ranitidine and Famotidine from Pharmaceuticals and Human Serum. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:807-813. [PMID: 37415425 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A method has been designed based on gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (FID) for the separation and analyses of ranitidine, famotidine and metformin after pre-column derivatization with trifluoroacetylacetone and ethyl chloroformate. DB-1 (30 m × 0.32 mm id) column with film thickness 0.25 μm was used for the separation at an initial temperature of column was 100°C for 2 min, and ramping at 20°C/min up to 250°C, with a hold time of 3 min. The rate of nitrogen flow was 2.5 mL/min and FID was used for detection. Complete separation was obtained between all the three drugs including excess of derivatization reagents. Linear calibration curves and detection limits were obtained in the ranges 0.1-30 μg/mL and 0.011-0.015 μg/mL. The procedure was repeatable in terms of peak heights/peak areas and retention time (n = 5) for derivatization, quantitation and separation with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 2.0-3.0%. The approach was examined for the analyses of drug products and serum after the intake of the drugs by healthy volunteers, and recoveries were obtained within 95-98% with RSDs 2.4-3.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan A Zounr
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Y Khuhawar
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Taj M J Khuhawar
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Lanjwani
- Dr. M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muzamil Y Khuhawar
- Abbott Pharmaceutical Company in Korangi, Landhi Karachi 75106, Sindh, Pakistan
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Kiszkiel-Taudul I. Determination of antihistaminic pharmaceuticals in surface water samples by SPE-LC-MS/MS method. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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3
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Maleki S, Madrakian T, Afkhami A. Application of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers decorated with magnetic carbon dots as a resonance light scattering sensor to determine famotidine. Talanta 2018; 181:286-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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4
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Application of Micellar Extraction for Isolation of Famotidine from Aqueous Samples Prior to its Chromatographic Determination. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017; 20:1401-1409. [PMID: 29200812 PMCID: PMC5686284 DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-2003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Micellar extraction was applied to isolate famotidine from aqueous samples. This drug is an H2 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of stomach diseases. The process was performed with a mixture of anionic sodium dodecylsulfate and nonionic Triton X-114 surfactants. The effect of different parameters on the efficiency of the micellar extraction such as electrolyte and surfactant concentration, pH of sample, temperature, shaking and centrifugation time was investigated. The influence of foreign substances on a studied process was tested. The elaborated procedure was applied for HPLC–UV determination of famotidine in natural water samples. The calibration graph was recorded in the range 1.35–37.12 μg mL−1 of the studied compound. The repeatability of the method was equal to 7.4%. The limit of detection and quantification values for the determination of famotidine by using the proposed method amounted to 0.40 and 1.25 μg mL−1, respectively.
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Walash MI, Ibrahim F, Abo El Abass S. Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Famotidine, Paracetamol and Diclofenac in their Raw Materials and Pharmaceutical Formulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2017.1353921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Walash
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fawzia Ibrahim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samah Abo El Abass
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Hadi M, Ehsani A, Honarmand E. Application of Nanocrystalline Graphite-like Pyrolytic Carbon Film Electrode in the Electroanalytical Determination of Famotidine. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Qom; Al Ghadir Blvd., passing Ghods Town 3716146611 Qom Iran
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Qom; Al Ghadir Blvd., passing Ghods Town 3716146611 Qom Iran
| | - Ebrahim Honarmand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Qom; Al Ghadir Blvd., passing Ghods Town 3716146611 Qom Iran
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Alamgir M, Khuhawar MY, Memon SQ, Hayat A, Zounr RA. Spectrofluorimetric analysis of famotidine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids by derivatization with benzoin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 134:449-452. [PMID: 25033237 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the analysis of famotidine, from pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids after derivatization with benzoin. The reaction was carried out in alkaline medium with measurement of fluorescence intensity at 446 nm with excitation wavelength at 286 nm. Linear calibration was obtained with 0.5-15 μg/ml with coefficient of determination (r(2)) 0.997. The factors affecting the fluorescence intensity were optimized. The pharmaceutical additives and amino acid did not interfere in the determination. The mean percentage recovery (n=4) calculated by standard addition from pharmaceutical preparation was 94.8-98.2% with relative standard deviation (RSD) 1.56-3.34% and recovery from deproteinized spiked serum and urine of healthy volunteers was 98.6-98.9% and 98.0-98.4% with RSD 0.34-0.84% and 0.29-0.87% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Alamgir
- Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yar Khuhawar
- Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saima Q Memon
- M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Amir Hayat
- Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ali Zounr
- Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Ahmad Panahi H, Nasrollahi S. Polymer brushes containing thermosensitive and functional groups grafted onto magnetic nano-particles for interaction and extraction of famotidine in biological samples. Int J Pharm 2014; 476:70-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Preparation and characterization of iminodiacetic acid: magnetite nano-particles as a novel famotidine carrier substrate for sustained drug release. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang G, Zhang X, Lei H, Niu W, Bai L. Preparation of a Hybrid Cation-Exchange Monolith and Its Application for the Separation of Proteins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.769261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wang X, Rytting E, Abdelrahman DR, Nanovskaya TN, Hankins GD, Ahmed MS. Quantitative determination of famotidine in human maternal plasma, umbilical cord plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:866-73. [PMID: 23401067 PMCID: PMC3872971 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the quantitative determination of famotidine in human urine, maternal and umbilical cord plasma was developed and validated. The plasma samples were alkalized with ammonium hydroxide and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The extraction recovery of famotidine in maternal and umbilical cord plasma ranged from 53 to 64% and 72 to 79%, respectively. Urine samples were directly diluted with the initial mobile phase then injected into the HPLC system. Chromatographic separation of famotidine was achieved by using a Phenomenex Synergi™ Hydro-RP™ column with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium acetate aqueous solution (pH 8.3, adjusted with ammonium hydroxide). Mass spectrometric detection of famotidine was set in the positive mode and used a selected ion monitoring method. Carbon-13-labeled famotidine was used as internal standard. The calibration curves were linear (r(2) > 0.99) in the concentration ranges of 0.631-252 ng/mL for umbilical and maternal plasma samples and 0.075-30.0 µg/mL for urine samples. The relative deviation of method was <14% for intra- and inter-day assays, and the accuracy ranged between 93 and 110%. The matrix effect of famotidine in human urine, maternal and umbilical cord plasma was less than 17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Erik Rytting
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Doaa R. Abdelrahman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Tatiana N. Nanovskaya
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Gary D.V. Hankins
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Mahmoud S. Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
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An Overview of Analytical Determination of Diltiazem, Cimetidine, Ranitidine, and Famotidine by UV Spectrophotometry and HPLC Technique. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/184948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article recapitulates the analytical methods for the quantitative determinations of diltiazem and three H2receptor antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine) by one of the spectroscopic technique (UV spectrophotometery) and separation technique such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The clinical and pharmaceutical analysis of these drugs requires effective analytical procedures for quality control, pharmaceutical dosage formulations, and biological fluids. An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry-related journals has been compiled in its review. A synopsis of reported spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for individual drug is integrated. This appraisal illustrates that majority of the HPLC methods reviewed are based on the quantitative analysis of drugs in biological fluids, and they are appropriate for therapeutic drug monitoring purpose.
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13
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GC Determination of Famotidine, Ranitidine, Cimetidine, and Metformin in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Serum Using Methylglyoxal as Derivatizing Reagent. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Sangoi MDS, Wrasse-Sangoi M, de Oliveira PR, Todeschini V, Rolim CMB. RAPID SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ALISKIREN AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE FROM THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS BY MONOLITHIC SILICA HPLC COLUMN EMPLOYING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.582910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano da Silva Sangoi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Laboratory of Research in Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Micheli Wrasse-Sangoi
- b Department of Industrial Pharmacy , Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Renato de Oliveira
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Vítor Todeschini
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Laboratory of Research in Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
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15
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Development and validation of an ultra-fast liquid chromatographic method for the quality control of famotidine formulations using a short monolithic stationary phase. OPEN CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-011-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAn HPLC method for the quality control of famotidine (FMT) containing formulations has been developed and validated. The combination of a short monolithic column (Chromolith® RP-18e 50 × 4.6 mm i.d.) and an elevated flow rate (3.0 mL min−1) enabled the proposal of a high-throughput analytical scheme capable of reliable operation in a demanding industrial environment. Detection was carried out at 265 nm. Thorough validation of the method included linearity (5–150%), limits of detection (0.13%) and quantification (0.41%), selectivity, precision (within- and day-to-day), accuracy and ruggedness. The new method was applied successfully to the analysis of samples (assay, dissolution, dosage & blending uniformity) during the production of four validation batches of FMT-containing tablets.
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16
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Bunch DR, Wang S. Applications of monolithic columns in liquid chromatography-based clinical chemistry assays. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2003-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Sangoi MS, Todeschini V, Steppe M. Fesoterodine stress degradation behavior by liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2011; 84:1068-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Zhu T, Row KH. Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine and Theophylline in Human Plasma with a Weak Cation Monolithic SPE-column. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Mady FM, Abou-Taleb AE, Khaled KA, Yamasaki K, Iohara D, Taguchi K, Anraku M, Hirayama F, Uekama K, Otagiri M. Evaluation of carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin with acid function: improvement of chemical stability, oral bioavailability and bitter taste of famotidine. Int J Pharm 2010; 397:1-8. [PMID: 20600734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential influence of carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CM-beta-CyD) on the aqueous solubility, chemical stability and oral bioavailability of famotidine (FMT) as well as on its bitter taste. We examined the effect of the CM-beta-CyD on the acidic degradation of FMT compared with that for sulfobutyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CyD). The potential use of CM-beta-CyD for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. A taste perception study was also carried out. A strong stabilizing influence of CM-beta-CyD was observed against the acidic degradation, in sharp contrast to SBE-beta-CyD which induced a weird destabilizing effect on FMT. (13)C NMR was used to investigate the interaction mode between FMT and the 2 CyDs. In vivo study of ODTs indicated a significant increase in C(max), AUC and oral bioavailability in the case of FMT-CM-beta-CyD tablets, compared with plain drug tablets. However, no significant difference in T(max) and t(1/2) was observed. CM-beta-CyD complexation appears to be an acceptable strategy for enhancing the oral bioavailability of FMT owing to its dramatic effect on the aqueous solubility and chemical stability of the drug. In addition, it has a pronounced effect on masking the bitter taste of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Mady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Minia University, El-Minia Governate 61732, Egypt
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Sun X, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y. A single LC–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of four H2 antagonists in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3953-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rapid and sensitive simultaneous determination of ezetimibe and simvastatin from their combination drug products by monolithic silica high-performance liquid chromatographic column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:527-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Walash MI, el-Brashy A, el-Enany N, Kamel ME. Spectrofluorimetric determination of famotidine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. Application to stability studies. J Fluoresc 2008; 19:333-44. [PMID: 18956234 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-008-0421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, economic, selective, and stability indicating spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of famotidine (FMT); is based on its reaction with 9, 10-phenanthraquinone in alkaline medium to give a highly fluorescent derivative measured at 560 nm after excitation at 283 nm. The fluorescence intensity-concentration plot was rectilinear over the concentration range of 50-600 ng/ml with minimum quantification limit (LOQ) of 13.0 ng/ml and minimum detection limit (LOD) of 4.3 ng/ml. The factors affecting the development of the fluorescence intensity of the reaction product were carefully studied and optimized. The method was applied for the determination of FMT in its dosage forms. The stability of the compound was studied, and the proposed method was found to be stability indicating one. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by the official method. Furthermore, the method was applied for the determination of FMT in spiked and real human plasma. The mean % recovery (n = 4) was found to be 99.94 +/- 0.24, and 105.13 +/- 0.64 for spiked and real human plasma, respectively. The composition of the reaction product as well as its stability constant was also investigated. Moreover, the method was utilized to investigate the kinetics of both alkaline and oxidative induced degradation of the drug. The apparent first order rate constant and half life time of the degradation product was calculated. A proposal of the reaction pathway was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Walash
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of H2-receptor antagonists by means of N-bromosuccinimide and p-aminophenol. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2008; 58:87-97. [PMID: 18337210 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-007-0047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of H2-receptor antagonists: cimetidine (CIM), famotidine (FAM), nizatidine (NIZ), and ranitidine hydrochloride (RAN) has been fully developed and validated. The method was based on the reaction of these drugs with NBS and subsequent measurement of the excess N-bromosuccinimide by its reaction with p-aminophenol to give a violet colored product (lambda max at 552 nm). Decrease in the absorption intensity (Delta A) of the colored product, due to the presence of the drug, was correlated with its concentration in the sample solution. Different variables affecting the reaction were carefully studied and optimized. Under optimal conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9988-0.9998) were found between Delta A values and the corresponding concentrations of the drugs in a concentration range of 8-30, 6-22, 6-25, and 4-20 microg mL(-1) for CIM, FAM, NIZ, and RAN, respectively. Limits of detection were 1.22, 1.01, 1.08, and 0.74 microg mL(-1) for CIM, FAM, NIZ, and RAN, respectively. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and robustness; the results were satisfactory. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the above mentioned drugs in bulk substance and in pharmaceutical dosage forms; percent recoveries ranged from 98.5 +/- 0.9 to 102.4 +/- 0.8% without interference from the common excipients. The results obtained by the proposed method were comparable with those obtained by the official methods.
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Tang YH, Wang NN, Xiong XY, Xiong FM, Sun SJ. A new sensitive flow-injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of H2-receptor antagonists. LUMINESCENCE 2007; 22:343-8. [PMID: 17471472 DOI: 10.1002/bio.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Based on the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity generated from the potassium ferricyanide [K(3)Fe(CN)(6)]-rhodamine 6G system in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) medium, a new sensitive flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method has been developed, validated and applied for the determination of three kinds of H(2)-receptor antagonists: cimetidine (CIMT), ranitidine (RANT) hydrochloride and famotidine (FAMT). Under the optimum conditions, the linear range for the determination was 1.0 x 10(-9)-7.0 x 10(-5) g/ml for CIMT, 1.0 x 10(-9)-5.0 x 10(-5) g/mL for RANT hydrochloride and 5.0 x 10(-9)-7.0 x 10(-5) g/mL for FAMT. During 11 repeated measurements of 1.0 x 10(-6) g/mL sample solutions, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all <5%. The detection limit was 8.56 x 10(-10) g/mL for CIMT, 8.69 x 10(-10) g/mL for RANT hydrochloride and 2.35 x 10(-9) g/mL for FAMT (S:N = 3). This method has been successfully implemented for the analysis of H(2)-receptor antagonists in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hai Tang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Letzel T, Derks RJE, Martha CT, van Marle A, Irth H. Sensitive determination of G-protein-coupled receptor binding ligands by solid phase extraction–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:744-51. [PMID: 16307861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 10/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High affinity Histamine H2-receptor binding ligands were assayed by automated solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled via electrospray ionization with a Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer (Q-ToF-MS). The mass spectrometric behavior of these analytes was tested in aqueous solutions with several (nine) volatile salts, in different pH, and with various methanol contents. Out of the high amount of available ligands, three fluorescent-labeled molecules (5706, 5707, and 5708) were studied in detail. The limits of detection (LODs) for all three compounds obtained in mass spectrometric detection was 1 fmol (absolute) in continuous flow and FIA (flow injection analysis) measurements. The results obtained with FIA-fluorescence detection gave LODs a factor 10-100 times higher. A systematic investigation of sample solving conditions, loading flow conditions, and elution flow conditions made the automated SPE-MS coupling efficient. Ideally, the ligands were dissolved in MeOH-25 mM phosphate buffer (30:70 v/v; pH 11), the SPE loading flow comprised MeOH-25 mM phosphate buffer (30:70 v/v; pH 11) and the SPE elution flow contained MeOH-100 mM ammonium formate solution (90:10 v/v; pH 3). Using this method on a C18-modified silica cartridge (C18, 5 microm, 100 A, 300 microm i.d. x 5 mm, LC Packings) assures high recovery and achieved LODs for all three compounds of 5 fmol (absolute). As an absolute amount of ligands specifically bound on H2-receptors in biochemical experiments is, as will be published elsewhere, between 10 and 100 fmol, the SPE-MS method for the basic compounds can be directly applied for these Histamine H2-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Letzel
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Exact Science, Vrije Universite it Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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