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Clarke S, Bosman G, du Toit W, Aleixandre‐Tudo JL. White wine phenolics: current methods of analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7-25. [PMID: 35821577 PMCID: PMC9796155 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
White wine phenolic analyses are less common in the literature than analyses of red wine phenolics. Analytical techniques for white wine phenolic analyses using spectrophotometric, chromatographic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods are reported. The interest of research in this area combined with the advances in technology aimed at the winemaking industry are promoting the establishment of novel approaches for identifying, quantifying, and classifying phenolic compounds in white wine. This review article provides an overview of the current research into white wine phenolics through a critical discussion of the analytical methods employed. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Clarke
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute (SAGWRI), Department of Viticulture and OenologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Gurthwin Bosman
- Department of PhysicsStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Wessel du Toit
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute (SAGWRI), Department of Viticulture and OenologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Jose Luis Aleixandre‐Tudo
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute (SAGWRI), Department of Viticulture and OenologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IIAD), Departamento de Tecnología de AlimentosUniversidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
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2
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Álvarez G, Montero L, Llorens L, Castro-Puyana M, Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:136-159. [PMID: 28975648 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review work presents and discusses the main applications of capillary electromigration methods in food analysis and Foodomics. Papers that were published during the period February 2015-February 2017 are included following the previous review by Acunha et al. (Electrophoresis 2016, 37, 111-141). The paper shows the large variety of food related molecules that have been analyzed by CE including amino acids, biogenic amines, carbohydrates, chiral compounds, contaminants, DNAs, food additives, heterocyclic amines, lipids, peptides, pesticides, phenols, pigments, polyphenols, proteins, residues, toxins, vitamins, small organic and inorganic compounds, as well as other minor compounds. This work describes the last results on food quality and safety, nutritional value, storage, bioactivity, as well as uses of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing including recent microchips developments and new applications of CE in Foodomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María Castro-Puyana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Váňová J, Liimatta LJ, Česla P, Wiedmer SK. Determination of distribution constants of antioxidants by electrokinetic chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23312009.2017.1385173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Váňová
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Laura J. Liimatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Petr Česla
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Susanne K. Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, POB 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Roblová V, Bittová M, Kubáň P, Kubáň V. Capillary electrophoresis fingerprinting and spectrophotometric determination of antioxidant potential for classification ofMenthaproducts. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2862-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Roblová
- Department of Chemistry; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Kubáň
- Department of Chemistry; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Kubáň
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology; Tomas Bata University; Zlín Czech Republic
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5
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Filik H, Avan AA, Aydar S, Çakar Ş. Determination of Tocopherol Using Reduced Graphene Oxide-Nafion Hybrid-Modified Electrode in Pharmaceutical Capsules and Vegetable Oil Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Parveen S, Siyal AN, Memon N, Memon SQ, Khuhawar MY. Extraction and Determination of Phenolic Acids and Vitamin B of Sieved and Unsieved Wheat Grain by MEKC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.896812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Parveen
- a Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Ali Nawaz Siyal
- b M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Najma Memon
- c National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Saima Qayoom Memon
- b M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yar Khuhawar
- a Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
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7
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Alkyl imidazolium ionic liquid based sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography for simultaneous determination of seven tea catechins in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 969:224-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Arribas AS, Martínez-Fernández M, Moreno M, Bermejo E, Zapardiel A, Chicharro M. Classification of Spanish white wines using their electrophoretic profiles obtained by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1693-700. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sánchez Arribas
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Mónica Moreno
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Esperanza Bermejo
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Zapardiel
- Departamento de Ciencias Analíticas; Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Chicharro
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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9
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Honegr J, Pospíšilová M. Determination of phenolic acids in plant extracts using CZE with on-line transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:729-35. [PMID: 23401390 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel transient ITP-CZE for preconcentration and determination of seven phenolic acids (caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, and vanilic acid) was developed and validated. Effects of several factors such as control of EOF, pH and buffer concentration, addition of organic solvents and CDs, and conditions for sample injection were investigated. Sample self-stacking was applied by means of induction of transient ITP, which was realized by adding sodium chloride into the sample. The CZE was realized in 200 mM borate buffer ((w)(s)pH 9.2) containing 37.5% methanol, 0.001% hexadimethrine bromide, and 15 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD. Under the optimal conditions for analysis, analytes were separated within 20 min. Linearity was tested for each compound in the concentration range of 0.1-10 μg/mL (R = 0.9906-0.9968) and the detection limits (S/N = 3) ranged from 11 ng/mL (protocatechuic acid) to 31 μg/mL (syringic acid). The validated method was applied to the ethanolic extract of Epilobium parviflorum, Onagraceae. The method of SPE was used for the precleaning of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Honegr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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10
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Monasterio RP, Fernández MDLÁ, Silva MF. Olive oil by capillary electrophoresis: characterization and genuineness. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4477-4496. [PMID: 23594110 DOI: 10.1021/jf400864q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil, obtained from Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) fruits, is an important ingredient in the Mediterranean diet. The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate olive oil analysis using capillary electrophoresis (CE). This review covers a selection of the literature published on this topic over the past decade. The current state of the art of the topic is evaluated, with special emphasis on separation conditions, analysis purpose, and analytes investigated. CE has been used to characterize or to carry out authenticity studies. Particular attention has been focused on the botanical origin because high-quality monovarietal olive oils have been recently introduced on the markets and their quality control requires the development of new and powerful analytical tools as well as new regulations to avoid fraud. CE represents a good compromise between sample throughput, sample volume, satisfactory characterization, and sustainability for the analysis of target compounds present in olive oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina P Monasterio
- Instituto de Biologı́a Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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11
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Simultaneous determination of flavonoid analogs in Scutellariae Barbatae Herba by β-cyclodextrin and acetonitrile modified capillary zone electrophoresis. Talanta 2013; 105:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Irakli MN, Samanidou VF, Biliaderis CG, Papadoyannis IN. Simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in rice using solid-phase extraction and RP-HPLC with photodiode array detection. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1603-11. [PMID: 22761138 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on an optimized solid-phase extraction procedure and followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation with diode array detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, 4-hydroxy-benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and cinnamic acids), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, hyperoside, and rutin), flavones (luteolin and apigenin) and flavanones (naringenin and hesperidin) in rice flour (Oryza sativa L.). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a PerfectSil Target ODS-3 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column at temperature 25°C using a mobile phase, consisting of 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid in water, methanol, and acetonitrile at a flow rate 1 mL min(-1) , under gradient elution conditions. Application of optimum extraction conditions, elaborated on both Lichrolut C(18) and Oasis HLB cartridges, have led to extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoids from rice flour with mean recoveries 84.3-113.0%. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and sensitivity. Repeatability (n = 5) and inter-day precision (n = 4) revealed relative standard deviation (RSD) <13%. The optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in pigmented (red and black rice) and non-pigmented rice (brown rice) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Irakli
- Cereal Institute, National Agricultural Research Foundation, Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Irakli MN, Samanidou VF, Biliaderis CG, Papadoyannis IN. Development and validation of an HPLC-method for determination of free and bound phenolic acids in cereals after solid-phase extraction. Food Chem 2012; 134:1624-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Determination of polyphenolic content in beverages using laccase, gold nanoparticles and long wavelength fluorimetry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 713:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Determination of tocopherols in vegetable oil samples by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with fluorimetric detection. J Food Compost Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Ballus CA, Meinhart AD, de Oliveira RG, Godoy HT. Optimization of capillary zone electrophoresis separation and on-line preconcentration of 16 phenolic compounds from wines produced in South America. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Godoy-Caballero MDP, Acedo-Valenzuela MI, Galeano-Díaz T, Costa-García A, Fernández-Abedul MT. Microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection for a novel determination of phenolic compounds in olive oil. Analyst 2012; 137:5153-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Rabanes HR, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years (2006-2010). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:180-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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High performance ion mobility spectrometry as a fast and low cost green analytical technology part I: analysis of nutritional supplements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-011-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Corradini D, De Rossi A, Nicoletti I. Interactions of Proteins with the Acidic Components of the Electrolyte Solution and Their Role in the Performance of Separations by CZE. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Gotti R. Capillary electrophoresis of phytochemical substances in herbal drugs and medicinal plants. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:775-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Amperometric biosensor based on tyrosinase immobilized in hydrotalcite-like compounds film for the determination of polyphenols. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Široká J, Jáč P, Polášek M. Use of inorganic, complex-forming ions for selectivity enhancement in capillary electrophoretic separation of organic compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Ballus CA, Meinhart AD, Bruns RE, Godoy HT. Use of multivariate statistical techniques to optimize the simultaneous separation of 13 phenolic compounds from extra-virgin olive oil by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2011; 83:1181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Nicolaou IN, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Analysis of polyphenols using capillary zone electrophoresis - Determination of the most effective wine sample pre-treatment method. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3895-902. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Dai J, Mumper RJ. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 2010; 15:7313-52. [PMID: 20966876 PMCID: PMC6259146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1738] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the most abundant secondary metabolites of plants. Plant polyphenols have drawn increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and their marked effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases such as cancer. In the last few years, the identification and development of phenolic compounds or extracts from different plants has become a major area of health- and medical-related research. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on phenolic extraction, purification, analysis and quantification as well as their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of phenolics in-vitro and in-vivo animal models are viewed, including recent human intervention studies. Finally, possible mechanisms of action involving antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity as well as interference with cellular functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- Four Tigers LLC, 1501 Bull Lea Road, Suite 105, Lexington, Kentucky 40511 USA; (J.D.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-919-966-1271; Fax: +1-919-966-6919
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Arráez-Román D, Fu S, Sawalha SMS, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. HPLC/CE-ESI-TOF-MS methods for the characterization of polyphenols in almond-skin extracts. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2289-96. [PMID: 20593403 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed two rapid methods using CE and HPLC coupled to ESI-TOF-MS and both these methods have been compared for the separation and characterization of antioxidant phenolic compounds in almond-skin extract. Under optimum CE-ESI-TOF-MS conditions we achieved the determination of nine compounds from the polar fraction in 35 min. Furthermore, by using the HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS method, a total of 23 compounds corresponding to phenolic acids and the flavonoid family were identified from almond skin in only 9 min. The sensitivity, together with mass accuracy and true isotopic pattern of TOF-MS, allowed the identification of a broad series of known phenolic compounds present in almond-skin extracts using HPLC and CE as separation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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28
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Honegr J, Šafra J, Polášek M, Pospíšilová M. Large-Volume Sample Stacking with Polarity Switching in CE for Determination of Natural Polyphenols in Plant Extracts. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods to determine antioxidant phenolic compounds from plant food material. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1130-60. [PMID: 20719447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are one of the most common active ingredients of nutritionally functional foods which can play an important role in the prevention of oxidation and cellular damage inhibiting or delaying the oxidative processes. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the application of antioxidants to medical treatment as information is constantly gathered linking the development of human diseases to oxidative stress. Within antioxidants, phenolic molecules are an important category of compounds, commonly present in a wide variety of plant food materials. Their correct determination is pivotal nowadays and involves their extraction from the sample, analytical separation, identification, quantification and interpretation of the data. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about all the necessary steps of any analytical procedure to achieve the determination of phenolic compounds from plant matrices, paying particular attention to the application and potential of capillary electroseparation methods. Since it is quite complicated to establish a classification of plant food material, and to structure the current review, we will group the different matrices as follows: fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and medicinal plants, beverages, vegetable oils, cereals, legumes and nuts and other matrices (including cocoa beans and bee products). At the end of the overview, we include two sections to explain the usefulness of the data about phenols provided by capillary electrophoresis and the newest trends.
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30
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Du F, Fung YS. Development of CE-dual opposite carbon-fiber micro-disk electrode detection for peak purity assessment of polyphenols in red wine. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2192-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Li R, Zhao R, Zhang H, Li C, Feng D, Qin P, Tan T. A Novel Medium Poly(vinyl acetate-triallyl isocyanurate-divinylbenzene) Coupled with Oligo-β-Cyclodextrin for the Isolation of Puerarin from Pueraria Flavones. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Kurzawa M. Determination of Quercetin and Rutin in Selected Herbs and Pharmaceutical Preparations. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903491070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Phenolics are structurally assorted and are generally part of a complex mixture isolated from plant and biological origin matrices. A wide gamut of natural products have been the focus of main study for phenolic compounds while urine and blood are the two main biological fluids that have been analyzed for metabolism studies. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, detection, and identification. This review is devoted to a short discussion of the occurrence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, their role in human health, and focuses on a detailed presentation of the analytical methods, concluding with the advantages of analytical methods employed so far and prospects. Strategies and practical aspects for the determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in biological fluids, beverages, plants, and food are reported. Novel and past applications are provided with significant treatment and detection-related developments on the basis of the employment of separation and non-separation analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine D Stalikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Valls J, Millán S, Martí MP, Borràs E, Arola L. Advanced separation methods of food anthocyanins, isoflavones and flavanols. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7143-72. [PMID: 19691963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing knowledge of the positive health effects of food polyphenols has prompted the need to develop new separation techniques for their extraction, fractionation and analysis. This article provides an updated and exhaustive review of the application of counter-current chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and their hyphenation with mass spectrometry to the study of food polyphenols. Flavonoids constitute the largest class of polyphenols, widely spread in the plant kingdom and common in human diet which has been the most widely studied with respect to their antioxidant and biological activities. The main subgroups are anthocyanins, catechins, isoflavones, flavonols and flavones. They are reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, and immune modulating functions, among others. Since red fruit anthocyanins, soy isoflavones and flavanols from grapes and teas are currently the most used phenolic compounds for producing new nutraceuticals and functional foods, this review is focused on these three flavonoid groups.
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Phenolics: occurrence and immunochemical detection in environment and food. Molecules 2009; 14:439-73. [PMID: 19158655 PMCID: PMC6253769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds may be of natural or anthropogenic origin and be present in the environment as well as in food. They comprise a large and diverse group of compounds that may be either beneficial or harmful for consumers. In this review first a non-exhausting overview of interesting phenolics is given, in particular with regards to their presence in environment and food. For some of these compounds, beneficial, toxicological and/or optionally endocrine disrupting activities will be presented. Further, immunochemical detection and/or isolation methods developed will be discussed, including advantages and disadvantages thereof in comparison with conventional analytical methods such as HPLC, GC, MS. A short overview of new sensor-like methods will also be included for present and future application.
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Strašík S, Lučaníková M, Kaniansky D. Enhancement of analyte detectability in isotachophoresis exploiting spectrophotometric diode-array detection with chemometric data processing. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3755-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gazdik Z, Krska B, Adam V, Saloun J, Pokorna T, Reznicek V, Horna A, Kizek R. Electrochemical Determination of the Antioxidant Potential of Some Less Common Fruit Species. SENSORS 2008; 8:7564-7570. [PMID: 27873945 PMCID: PMC3790976 DOI: 10.3390/s8127564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various berries and fruit types of less common fruit species are known to contain antioxidants. Consumption of high amounts of antioxidant flavonoids, which display a variety of biological properties, including antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity, may have a positive impact on human health, particularly for the prevention of cancer and other inflammatory diseases. In these studies, based on the hypothesis that the fruit extract with the highest content would possess significantly higher health benefits, flavonoid-rich extracts were obtained from some less common fruit species - Blue Honeysuckles (Lonicera Kamtschatica and Lonicera edulis, Turcz. ex. Freyn), Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) and Chinese Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) - grown from germplasm held at the Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic and then characterized in terms of biological value based on the results from a relative antioxidant capacity assessment. The antioxidant content evaluation was based on the total flavonoid amount, determined by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). A DPPH• test was applied as a reference. The antioxidant content measured in Chinese Hawthorn fruit extract identified it as a potent source of flavonoid antioxidants, with a content 9-fold higher than that seen in Amelanchier fruit. The multifunctional HPLC-ED array method coupled with a DPPH• reference appears to be the optimal analytical progress, accurately reflecting the nutritivetherapeutic properties of a fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Gazdik
- Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Krska
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Saloun
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1 - 3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tunde Pokorna
- Institute of Natural and Informatics' Sciences, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, SK-949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Vojtech Reznicek
- Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Horna
- Tomas Bata University, T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Helmja K, Vaher M, Püssa T, Raudsepp P, Kaljurand M. Evaluation of antioxidative capability of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)skin constituents by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3980-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang L, Dong S, Yang Z, Wang Q, He P, Fang Y. Determination of four polyphenolic active ingredients from a pharmaceutical preparation by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:198-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Surowiec I, Pawelec K, Rezeli M, Kilar F, Trojanowicz M. Capillary electrophoretic determination of main components of natural dyes with MS detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2457-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stalikas CD. Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:3268-95. [PMID: 18069740 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The impetus for developing analytical methods for phenolic compounds in natural products has proved to be multifaceted. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of this category of compounds have appeared over the past two decades. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review provides an updated and extensive overview of methods and their applications in natural product matrices and samples of biological origin. In addition, it critically appraises recent developments and trends, and provides selected representative bibliographic examples.
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Jáč P, Polášek M, Batista AIV, Kaderová L. Tungstate as complex-forming reagent facilitating separation of selected polyphenols by capillary electrophoresis and its comparison with borate. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:843-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Herrero-Martínez JM, Oumada FZ, Rosés M, Bosch E, Ràfols C. Determination of flavonoid aglycones in several food samples by mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:2493-500. [PMID: 17654618 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The application of mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography to the separation of ten flavonoid aglycones (catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, morin, fisetin, quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, apigenin, and chrysin) belonging to four different classes (flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, and flavones), and expected to be prominent in commonly consumed foods, has been developed. A micellar system composed of 25 mM SDS and 25 mM sodium cholate buffered at pH 7.0 provided a simultaneous separation of all compounds in less than 20 min. The procedure could be easily adapted to the determination of some flavonoids from each of these classes in real complex samples (propolis, Ginkgo biloba, etc.). The LODs of these compounds were in the range of 1.2-4 microg/mL, and the peak area and migration time repeatabilities were below 6.0 and 3.1%, respectively.
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Abstract
The food consumption of oats has increased in recent years due to a perceived association with a range of health benefits. Oats are unusual in that the bran is not as physically distinct as in other cereals. This provides a possible benefit in providing a high β-glucan content of the grains. However, oats contain many other phytochemicals including a range of antioxidants that may be associated with health benefits, although the evidence for such benefits is largely indirect and often confusing and contradictory. Nevertheless, the consumption of oats as part of a balanced diet does seem a reasonable approach.
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Utilizing of Square Wave Voltammetry to Detect Flavonoids in the Presence of Human Urine. SENSORS 2007; 7:2402-2418. [PMID: 28903234 PMCID: PMC3864529 DOI: 10.3390/s7102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
About biological affecting of flavonoids on animal organisms is known less, thus we selected flavonoids, flavanones and flavones, and their glycosides, which were examined as potential inducers of cytochrome(s) P450 when administrated by gavages into experimental male rats. The study was focused on induction of CYP1A1, the major cytochrome P450 involved in carcinogen activation. The data obtained demonstrate the necessity of taking into account not only ability of flavonoids to bind to Ah receptor (induction factor) but also to concentrate on their distribution and metabolism (including colon microflora) in the body. After that we examined certain flavonoids as potential inducers of cytochrome P450, we wanted to suggest and optimize suitable electrochemical technique for determination of selected flavonoids (quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, chrysin and diosmin) in body liquids. For these purposes, we selected square wave voltannetry using carbon paste electrode. Primarily we aimed on investigation of their basic electrochemical behaviour. After that we have optimized frequency, step potential and supporting electrolyte. Based on the results obtained, we selected the most suitable conditions for determination of the flavonoids as follows: frequency 180 Hz, step potential 1.95 mV/s and phosphate buffer of pH 7 as supporting electrolyte. Detection limits (3 S/N) of the flavonoids were from units to tens of nM except diosmin, where the limit were higher than μM. In addition, we attempted to suggest a sensor for analysis of flavonoids in urine. It clearly follows from the results obtained that flavonoids can be analysed in the presence of animal urine, because urine did not influence much the signals of flavonoids (recoveries of the signals were about 90 %).
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Gómez-Romero M, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Analytical determination of antioxidants in tomato: typical components of the Mediterranean diet. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:452-61. [PMID: 17444214 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diets in the countries of the Mediterranean basin are characterised by abundant plant foods (fruits, vegetables, breads, nuts, seeds, wine, and olive oil) and include fish and low-fat dairy products. Among the vegetables, tomatoes are a main component of the traditional Mediterranean diet, which has been associated with health protection and longevity. Eating tomatoes has been associated with reduced risks of some types of cancer and other diseases. These beneficial properties appear to be related to the antioxidant content of the fruit, particularly carotenoids (lycopene and beta-carotene), ascorbic acid, and phenols, which may play a role in inhibiting reactions mediated by reactive oxygen species. Due to the importance of antioxidant compounds in tomatoes and tomato products, we present here an overview of current analytical methods (from 2000 until the present date) for determining the different antioxidants. The analytical procedures used to determine individual compounds involve extraction from the sample, analytical separation, and quantification. The choice of analytical method depends on the particular focus of the analysis and the kind of product analysed. High-performance liquid chromatography is the technique of choice for the analysis of tomato antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Romero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Sutthanut K, Sripanidkulchai B, Yenjai C, Jay M. Simultaneous identification and quantitation of 11 flavonoid constituents in Kaempferia parviflora by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1143:227-33. [PMID: 17266972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferia parviflora (Krachaidum; KD) is a Thai herb, the rhizomes of which have been used in folk medicine and ritual ceremonies. The increasing use of KD has led to concerns regarding the variation of quality, potency and efficacy of KD products. A gas chromatographic method was developed and validated using 11 flavonoids that had been fully characterized as reference. Limits of detection ranged from a low of 0.1 ppm to a high of 1.0 ppm. The limits of quantitation were a low of 0.5 ppm (5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone) to a high of 3.0 ppm (5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone and 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone). Precision of intra- and inter-day analyses gave a RSD range of 3.02-8.25 and 2.84-12.37, respectively. The diversity of flavonoid content and their distribution profiles in KD samples from 12 different origins was investigated using the validated method. Total flavonoid content in these samples ranged from 23.86 to 60.98 mg/g. Two of the compounds, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone, emerged as major constituents. Samples contained as much as 21.68 and 9.88 mg/g, respectively. Two distinct patterns of the distribution of the flavonoids, as characterized by the ratio of these two compounds in the KD rhizome samples, were observed. This method is expected to be useful in the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the flavonoid content of KD samples and as a quality control assessment of KD raw materials and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sutthanut
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Bioactive components of the hop strobilus: comparison of different extraction methods by capillary electrophoretic and chromatographic methods. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1155:222-9. [PMID: 17316654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the composition of the hop strobilus extract by using different extraction methods under different solvent conditions was analysed and compared. Several separation methods were applied to obtaining detailed information about the hop extract: capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). The electropherograms of different extracts varied dramatically. The oxidation reaction of the hop strobilus extract was examined.
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