1
|
Effect of pH on the intelligent film-forming solutions produced with red cabbage extract and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
2
|
pH-responsive chitosan based hydrogels affect the release of dapsone: Design, set-up, and physicochemical characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:1268-1279. [PMID: 31034906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dapsone (DAP) is a bactericidal agent used in the treatment of leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Despite its therapeutic potential, DAP has low solubility, which results in allow therapeutic index and a high microbial resistance. Recently, new approaches were used to increase the DAP solubility. In particular, the use of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)-hydrogels based chitosan (CS) for the controlled release of DAP provides some advantages because they can modify their swelling properties and network structures as a response to environmental stimuli. The aim of this study was to synthesize and physicochemically characterize pH-responsive chitosan/polymer hydrogels to control the release of DAP. For this reason, different combination of polymers, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and concentrations of the cross-linking agents (glutaraldehyde) were used and then blended to the CS. The resulting hydrogels were evaluated in terms of physicochemical and swelling properties, rheological analysis and in vitro release of DAP at different pHs (1.2-6.8). Hydrogels were further characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. pH-responsive DAP-loaded hydrogels may represent the set-up for developing potential oral formulations for the treatment of leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ab’lah NN, Konduru Venkata N, Wong TW. Development of resistant corn starch for use as an oral colon-specific nanoparticulate drug carrier. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Starch is constituted of amylose and amylopectin. Debranching of amylopectin converts it into amylose thereby producing resistant starch which is known to be less digestible by the amylase. This study designed resistant starch using acid hydrolysis and heat-moisture treatment methods with native corn starch as the starting material. Both native and processed starches were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry and molecular weight analysis. They were nanospray-dried into nanoparticles with 5-fluorouracil as the drug of interest for colon cancer treatment. These nanoparticles were subjected to size, zeta potential, morphology, drug content and in vitro drug release analysis. Heat-moisture treatment of native corn starch enabled the formation of resistant starch through amylopectin debranching and molecular weight reduction thereby enhancing hydrogen bonding between the starch molecules at the amorphous phase and gelatinization capacity. The nanoparticles prepared from resistant starch demonstrated similar drug release as those of native starch in spite of the resistant starch had a lower molecular weight. The resistant starch is envisaged to be resistant to the digestive action of amylase in intestinal tract without the formed nanoparticles exhibiting excessively fast drug release in comparison to native starch. With reduced branching, it represents an ideal precursor for targeting ligand conjugation in design of oral colon-specific nanoparticulate drug carrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norul Nazilah Ab’lah
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE , Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam , 42300 Selangor , Malaysia
- Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam , 42300 Selangor , Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil , 43800 Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Nagarjun Konduru Venkata
- Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665, Huntington Avenue , Boston, MA 02115 , USA
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE , Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam , 42300 Selangor , Malaysia
- Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam , 42300 Selangor , Malaysia , e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Otoni CG, Lorevice MV, Moura MRD, Mattoso LH. On the effects of hydroxyl substitution degree and molecular weight on mechanical and water barrier properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 185:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
5
|
Khan NR, Wong TW. 5-Fluorouracil ethosomes - skin deposition and melanoma permeation synergism with microwave. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:568-577. [PMID: 29378453 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1431650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the use of ethosome and microwave technologies to facilitate skin penetration and/or deposition of 5-fluorouracil in vitro and in vivo. Low ethanol ethosomes were designed and processed by mechanical dispersion technique and had their size, zeta potential, morphology, drug content and encapsulation efficiency characterized. The skin was pre-treated with microwave at 2450 MHz for 2.5 min with ethosomes applied topically and subjected to in vitro and in vivo skin drug permeation as well as retention evaluation. The drug and/or ethosomes cytotoxicity, uptake and intracellular trafficking by SKMEL-28 melanoma cell culture were evaluated. Pre-treatment of skin by microwave promoted significant drug deposition in skin from ethosomes in vitro while keeping the level of drug permeation unaffected. Similar observations were obtained in vivo with reduced drug permeation into blood. Combination ethosome and microwave technologies enhanced intracellular localization of ethosomes through fluidization of cell membrane lipidic components as well as facilitating endocytosis by means of clathrin, macropinocytosis and in particularly lipid rafts pathways. The synergistic use of microwave and ethosomes opens a new horizon for skin malignant melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Rahim Khan
- a Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE , Selangor , Malaysia.,b Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- a Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE , Selangor , Malaysia.,b Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Selangor , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de França Almeida Moreira CDL, de Oliveira Pinheiro JG, da Silva-Júnior WF, Barbosa EG, Lavra ZMM, Pereira EWM, Resende MM, de Azevedo EP, Quintans-Júnior LJ, de Souza Araújo AA, de Souza Siqueira Quintans J, de Lima ÁAN. Amorphous solid dispersions of hecogenin acetate using different polymers for enhancement of solubility and improvement of anti-hyperalgesic effect in neuropathic pain model in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:870-879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
7
|
Suksaeree J, Nawathong N, Anakkawee R, Pichayakorn W. Formulation of Polyherbal Patches Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose: Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2427-2436. [PMID: 28168625 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to prepare and characterize polyherbal patches made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) with glycerine as a plasticizer. Polyherbal extracts were Luk-Pra-Kob recipes extracted with 95% ethanol. They were prepared by mixing the polymer solutions and glycerine in a beaker; subsequently, the polyherbal extracts were homogeneously mixed. Then, they were transferred into a Petri dish and dried in a hot-air oven at 70 ± 2°C for 5 h. The dry polyherbal patches were evaluated for physicochemical properties by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and a scanning electron microscope. They were studied for in vitro release and skin permeation of the marker active compound (E)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-l-ol (compound D) using a modified Franz-type diffusion cell. The polyherbal patches made from PVA as a matrix layer were homogeneous, smooth, and compact relative to HPMC-containing polyherbal patches. The selected polyherbal patches made from PVA produced a release profile with an initial burst effect in which compound D release was 74.21 ± 6.13% within 8 h, but compound D could permeate the pig skin only 37.28 ± 5.52% and was highly accumulated in newborn pig skin at 35.90 ± 6.72%. The in vitro release and skin permeation kinetics of compound D were fitted to the Higuchi model. The polyherbal patches made from PVA could be suitably used for herbal medicine application.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Q, Mischnick P. Influence of Stereochemistry on Relative Reactivities of Glucosyl and Mannosyl Residues in Konjac Glucomannan (KGM). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Zhang
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Food Chemistry; Schleinitzstr. 20 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Petra Mischnick
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Food Chemistry; Schleinitzstr. 20 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang Q, Zhou W, Wang J, Tang R, Zhang D, Wang X. Hypromellose succinate-crosslinked chitosan hydrogel films for potential wound dressing. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:85-91. [PMID: 27222285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop novel hydrogel films based on carboxyl-modified hypromellose-crosslinked chitosan for potential wound dressing. Hypromellose (HPMC) was grafted with succinic acid to yield hypromellose succinate (HPMCS), and then the reinforced hydrogel films of HPMCS-crosslinked chitosan (HPMCS-CS) were prepared through amide bond formation using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N- hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as a catalyst. Compared to that of blend film, mechanical properties of HPMCS-CS hydrogel films were significantly enhanced both in dry and swollen state. To assess the applicability of HPMCS-CS hydrogel films as wound dressing, the swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), oxygen permeability, biocompatibility (cytotoxicity and hemolysis), in vitro drug release and bactericidal properties were analyzed. The results indicated that HPMCS-CS hydrogel films with good biocompatibility possess high swelling ratio, proper WVTR, and oxygen permeability, which might accelerate tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, gentamycin sulfate release from drug-loaded HPMCS-CS hydrogel films were sustained, which would help to protect wound from infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China; College of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China.
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Toledo LDASD, Bavato MI, Rosseto HC, Cortesi R, Bruschi ML. Pharmaceutical films made from the waste material from the preparation of propolis extracts: development and characterization. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
abstract This study investigated the development and characterized the physicochemical properties of films obtained from by-products (BP) from the preparation of propolis extracts. Films were produced in the presence and absence of a polymeric adjuvant (gelatin or ethylcellulose) and propylene glycol by a solvent casting method. Density, surface topography by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical properties (folding endurance, tensile strength and percentage elongation), water vapour permeability (WVP), moisture uptake capacity, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were determined. The films were a transparent, light greenish-yellow colour, with a uniform surface, and were flexible and easy to handle. The thickness and density of the preparations indicated that the compounds were homogeneously dispersed throughout the film. Mechanical properties were influenced by the film composition; films containing gelatin were more resistant to stress, while those containing ethylcellulose were more flexible. Increasing the adjuvant concentration decreased the elasticity and the rupture resistance, but increased the moisture uptake capacity and WVP of the formulations. BP was thermally stable as were the films. FTIR tests suggested interactions between BP and the adjuvants. This work could contribute to the utilization of BP to prepare films for food and pharmaceutical uses
Collapse
|
11
|
Suksaeree J, Monton C, Madaka F, Chusut T, Saingam W, Pichayakorn W, Boonme P. Formulation, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro study of chitosan/HPMC blends-based herbal blended patches. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:171-81. [PMID: 25233803 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work prepared chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) blends and studied the possibility of chitosan/HPMC blended patches for Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. The blended patches without/with crude Z. cassumunar oil were prepared by homogeneously mixing the 3.5% w/v of chitosan solution and 20% w/v of HPMC solution, and glycerine was used as plasticizer. Then, they were poured into Petri dish and produced the blended patches in hot air oven at 70 ± 2°C. The blended patches were tested and evaluated by the physicochemical properties: moisture uptake, swelling ratio, erosion, porosity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction, and photographed the surface and cross-section morphology under SEM technique. Herbal blended patches were studied by the in vitro release and skin permeation of active compound D. The blended patches could absorb the moisture and became hydrated patches that occurred during the swelling of blended patches. They were eroded and increased by the number of porous channels to pass through out for active compound D. In addition, the blended patches indicated the compatibility of the blended ingredients and homogeneous smooth and compact. The blended patches made from chitosan/HPMC blends provide a controlled release and skin permeation behavior of compound D. Thus, the blended patches could be suitably used for herbal medicine application.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wong TW. Electrical, magnetic, photomechanical and cavitational waves to overcome skin barrier for transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 193:257-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
13
|
Riekes MK, Kuminek G, Rauber GS, de Campos CEM, Bortoluzzi AJ, Stulzer HK. HPMC as a potential enhancer of nimodipine biopharmaceutical properties via ball-milled solid dispersions. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:474-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
14
|
Nor Khaizan A, Wong TW. MICROWAVE: EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2528/pier13061604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Pichayakorn W, Suksaeree J, Boonme P, Taweepreda W, Ritthidej GC. Preparation of Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex and Properties of Films Formed by Itself and Several Adhesive Polymer Blends. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301985y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Garnpimol C. Ritthidej
- Department of Pharmaceutics and
Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suksaeree J, Boonme P, Taweepreda W, Ritthidej GC, Pichayakorn W. Characterization, in vitro release and permeation studies of nicotine transdermal patches prepared from deproteinized natural rubber latex blends. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
17
|
Mardziah RE, Wong TW. Effects of microwave on drug-release responses of spray-dried alginate microspheres. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 36:1149-67. [PMID: 20380595 DOI: 10.3109/03639041003695063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Microspheres prepared from rigid guluronic acid- (MG) and flexible mannuronic acid-rich (MC) alginate will undergo different drug release changes with respect to the influence of microwave on the matrix. An in-depth understanding of their differences in drug release changes is attainable through investigating cross-linking agent-free alginate microspheres prepared by spray-drying technique. OBJECTIVE The behavior of MG and MC alginate in controlling drug release responses of spray-dried microspheres against microwave was investigated. Sodium diclofenac was used as a model water-soluble drug. The formed microspheres were subjected to drug release, drug content, size, shape, surface morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffractometry analysis. RESULTS MC microspheres required a shorter period of microwave irradiation to reduce drug release extent than MG microspheres. In response to microwave, the drug release profiles of 1:1 MG-MC microspheres resembled MC microspheres. DISCUSSION The state of polymer-polymer and drug-polymer interaction via O-H and/or N-H moiety of microspheres was affected by alginate chain flexibility under the influence of microwave. It then governed the drug release responses of microspheres. CONCLUSION The drug release property of alginate microspheres can be modified by microwave irradiation, and its changes are a function of alginate conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radman Ekha Mardziah
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramli NA, Wong TW. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose scaffolds and their physicochemical effects on partial thickness wound healing. Int J Pharm 2011; 403:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Larsson M, Viridén A, Stading M, Larsson A. The influence of HPMC substitution pattern on solid-state properties. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Anuar NK, Wong TW, Taib MN. Microwave modified non-crosslinked pectin films with modulated drug release. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 17:110-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2010.522584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
21
|
Ashikin WHNS, Wong TW, Law CL. Plasticity of hot air-dried mannuronate- and guluronate-rich alginate films. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|