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Anjani QK, Sabri AHB, McGuckin MB, Li H, Hamid KA, Donnelly RF. In Vitro Permeation Studies on Carvedilol Containing Dissolving Microarray Patches Quantified Using a Rapid and Simple HPLC-UV Analytical Method. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:273. [PMID: 36195761 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical method validation is a vital element of drug formulation and delivery studies. Here, high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with UV detection (HPLC-UV) has been used to produce a straightforward, quick, yet sensitive analytical approach to quantify carvedilol (CAR). A C18 column was used to isolate the analyte from the mixture by isocratic elution with a mobile phase comprising a mixture of 0.1% v/v trifluoroacetic acid in water and acetonitrile in a ratio of 65:35 v/v at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min-1. Linearity was observed for CAR concentrations within the range of 1.5-50 μg mL-1 (R2 = 0.999) in phosphate buffer saline and within the range of 0.2-6.2 μg mL-1 (R2 = 0.9999) in methanol. The International Council on Harmonization (ICH) requirements were followed throughout the validation of the isocratic approach, rendering it specific, accurate, and precise. Moreover, robustness tests indicated that the method remained selective and specific despite small deliberate changes to environmental and operational factors. An efficient extraction procedure was also developed to extract and quantify CAR from excised neonatal porcine skin, resulting in recovery rates ranging from 95 to 97%. The methods reported here have been successfully utilised to evaluate CAR permeation, both transdermally and intradermally following application of a dissolving microarray patch (MAP) to excised neonatal porcine skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.,Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Megarezky, Jl. Antang Raya No. 43, Makassar, 90234, Indonesia
| | - Akmal Hidayat Bin Sabri
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Mary B McGuckin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Khuriah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, 42300, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Simultaneous Determination of Carvedilol, Enalaprilat, and Perindoprilat in Human Plasma Using LC–MS/MS and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Pilot Study. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA method for the extraction and quantification of carvedilol, enalaprilat, and perindoprilat in 50 µL human plasma, using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) detection was developed and validated. Samples were prepared via protein precipitation with chromatographic separation on a Restek Ultra II Biphenyl column using gradient elution at a corresponding flowrate of 300 µL/min. Electrospray ionisation with mass detection at unit resolution in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode on an AB Sciex API 5500 mass spectrometer was used. Accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, matrix effects, recovery, process efficiency, and stability were assessed over the validation period. The assay was validated over the calibration range 0.2–200 ng/mL for all three analytes. The inter- and intra-day precision expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV) and accuracy (%Nom) all fell within acceptable limits. The overall recovery was calculated as 72.9%, 77.1%, and 77.0% for carvedilol, enalaprilat, and perindoprilat respectively, with the recovery being shown to be reproducible at the low, medium and high end of the calibration range for all three analytes. The method proved to be specific for all three analytes with no significant matrix effects observed. The validated method facilitated the analysis of carvedilol, enalaprilat, and perindoprilat in human plasma collected from adults as part of a pilot pharmacokinetic study. This validated analytical method lays the foundation for determining adherence in heart failure patients prescribed with carvedilol, enalapril and perindopril.
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Makahleh A, Cheng KW, Saad B, Aboul-Enein HY. Hollow fiber based liquid phase microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trace carvedilol (β-blocker) in biological fluids. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC–UV) method for the trace determination of carvedilol (β-blocker) in biological fluids, has been described. The separation was achieved using Inertsil ODS-3 C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column with a mobile phase composition of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.0)–acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, under isocratic elution. Several parameters (i.e., type of organic solvent, donor phase pH, concentration of acceptor phase (AP), stirring rate, extraction time, and salt addition) that affect the extraction efficiency were investigated. The optimum HF-LPME conditions were as follows: dihexyl ether as an organic solvent; donor phase pH, 10.7; 0.1 M HCl (AP); 1100-rpm stirring rate; 60-min extraction time; and no salt addition. These parameters have been confirmed using design of experiments. Under these conditions, an enrichment factor of 273-fold was achieved. Good linearity and correlation coefficient were obtained over the range 5–1000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.9994). Limits of detection and quantitation were 1.2 and 3.7 ng/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation at 3 different concentration levels (5, 500, and 1000 ng/mL) were less than 13.2%. Recoveries for spiked urine and plasma were in the range 80.7–114%. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, and suitable for the determination of carvedilol in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Makahleh
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Kek Wan Cheng
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bahruddin Saad
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- 3 Fundamental & Applied Sciences Department and Institute for Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- 4 Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Kaplan K, Gürkan Polat T, Duman O, Tunç S. Development of a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for carvedilol analysis in human blood serum by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1477795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kaplan
- Antalya Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tülin Gürkan Polat
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Duman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sibel Tunç
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Nakamura A, Tagami T, Kajimura K, Yamasaki K, Sawabe Y, Obana H. Simultaneous analysis of highly polar pharmaceutical adulterants in slimming products by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1231691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takaomi Tagami
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Kajimura
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirotaka Obana
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
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Yilmaz B, Arslan S. HPLC/Fluorometric Detection of Carvedilol in Real Human Plasma Samples Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:413-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLLME) technique: A new microextraction approach for direct liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis analysis. Talanta 2015; 143:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Wu H, Zhang L, Gao N, Li Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Tian L, Du LM. Magnetic Retrieval of Ionic Liquids: High Sensitivity Fluorescence Determination of Carvedilol in Tablets, Plasma, and Urine. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1070165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Kasagić-Vujanović I, Jančić-Stojanović B, Rakić T, Ivanović D. Design of Experiments in Optimization and Validation of a Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Method for Determination of Amlodipine Besylate and Bisoprolol Fumarate. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.991872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kasagić-Vujanović
- Department of Drug Analysis, University of Banja Luka – Medical Faculty, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska
| | | | - Tijana Rakić
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Ivanović
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Simultaneous chiral separation and determination of carvedilol and 5′-hydroxyphenyl carvedilol enantiomers from human urine by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection. OPEN CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-013-0329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection (HPLC-FL) and tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS) methods for separation and determination of carvedilol (CAR) enantiomers and 5′-hydroxyphenyl carvedilol (5′-HCAR) enantiomers has been developed and validated. The analysed compounds were extracted from human urine by solid phase extraction. Good enantioseparation of the studied enantiomers was achieved on CHIRALCEL® OD-RH column using 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid and 0.05% diethylamine in water and acetonitrile in a gradient elution. The mass spectrometric data were acquired using the multiple reaction monitoring mode by positive electrospray ionisation. The method was validated over the concentration range from 25.0 ng mL−1 to 200 ng mL−1 for the analysed compounds. The limit of quantification varied from 14.2 ng mL−1 to 24.2 ng mL−1. Both the repeatability and inter-day precisions were below 10.0%, and the accuracy varied from −13.2% to 3.77%. The extraction recoveries ranged from 79.2% to 108%. The present paper reports the method for the simultaneous determination of CAR enantiomers and their metabolite enantiomers (5′-HCAR) in human urine samples. This newly developed method was successfully used to analyse the aforementioned analytes in human urine samples obtained from patients suffering from cardiovascular disease.
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Baranowska I, Wilczek A, Michał K, Baranowski J. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC-DAD METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF NINE DRUGS AND THEIR ELEVEN METABOLITES IN PLASMA AND URINE: PLASMA SAMPLES MEASUREMENTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.695309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Chemical Faculty, Silesian University of Technology , Strzody , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wilczek
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Chemical Faculty, Silesian University of Technology , Strzody , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Kwiatkowski Michał
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Chemical Faculty, Silesian University of Technology , Strzody , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Jacek Baranowski
- b Department of Clinical Physiology , University Hospital , Linköping , Sweden
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Patel DP, Sharma P, Sanyal M, Singhal P, Shrivastav PS. UPLC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous quantification of carvedilol and its active metabolite 4′-hydroxyphenyl carvedilol in human plasma to support a bioequivalence study in healthy volunteers. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:974-86. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daxesh P. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad; 380009; Gujarat; India
| | - Primal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad; 380009; Gujarat; India
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry; St. Xavier's College; Navrangpura; Ahmedabad; 380009; Gujarat; India
| | - Puran Singhal
- Alkem Laboratories Ltd; MIDC Ind Estate, Taloja (MIDC); Navi Mumbai; Maharashtra; 410208; India
| | - Pranav S. Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad; 380009; Gujarat; India
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Baranowska I, Magiera S, Baranowski J. Clinical applications of fast liquid chromatography: a review on the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:54-79. [PMID: 23462623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges facing the medicine today is developing new therapies that enhance human health. To help address these challenges the utilization of analytical technologies and high-throughput automated platforms has been employed; in order to perform more experiments in a shorter time frame with increased data quality. In the last decade various analytical strategies have been established to enhance separation speed and efficiency in liquid chromatography applications. Liquid chromatography is an increasingly important tool for monitoring drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, liquid chromatography has played an important role in pharmacokinetics and metabolism studies at these drug development stages since its introduction. This paper provides an overview of current trends in fast chromatography for the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites in clinical applications. Current trends in fast liquid chromatographic separations involve monolith technologies, fused-core columns, high-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The high specificity in combination with high sensitivity makes it an attractive complementary method to traditional methodology used for routine applications. The practical aspects of, recent developments in and the present status of fast chromatography for the analysis of biological fluids for therapeutic drug and metabolite monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies and bioequivalence studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet followed by spectrofluorimetry for determination of carvedilol in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:437-48. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Simple, chip and rapid analytical methods are required in biomedical analysis laboratories to support therapeutic drug monitoring units in hospitals. The present work aimed to provide such a method for quantitative determination of carvedilol in plasma samples. Results: A new, simple, precise and efficient method was developed for the determination of carvedilol in human plasma using a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet, followed by spectrofluorimetry method. Some important parameters such as types and volumes of extraction and disperser solvents, pH, salt effect and sample volume were optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method provided a linear range of 40 to 300 ng ml-1, with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. The limit of detection, lower limit of quantification and upper limit of quantification were 18, 40 and 300 ng ml-1, respectively. The found recovery was from 98.2 to 102.2%, the mean intra- and inter-day precisions were 8.3 and 6.4%, respectively. The relative error for accuracy varied from 0.4 to 2.2%. The short-term temperature and freeze–thaw stability studies showed that carvedilol in human plasma was stable for sample preparation and analysis after storage. Conclusion: The proposed method provided reasonable acceptable results and could be used for therapeutic monitoring of carvedilol.
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Beattie K, Phadke G, Novakovic J. Carvedilol. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2013; 38:113-57. [PMID: 23668404 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407691-4.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carvedilol ((2RS)-1-(9H-carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-[[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]propan-2-ol), a β1-, β2-, and α1-adrenoreceptor blocker drug with antioxidant and antiproliferative effects, is indicated for treatment of hypertension, stable angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure. A profile of this drug substance is provided in this chapter and includes physical characteristics of Carvedilol (e.g., UV-vis, IR, NMR, and mass spectra). Details regarding the stability of Carvedilol in the solid state and solution phase are presented and methods of analysis (compendial and literature) are summarized. Furthermore, an account of the pharmacokinetics (ADME) and synthesis of Carvedilol are presented.
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Abstract
AbstractHydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is an increasingly popular alternative to conventional HPLC for drug analysis. It offers increased selectivity and sensitivity, and improved efficiency when quantifying drugs and related compounds in complex matrices such as biological and environmental samples, pharmaceutical formulations, food, and animal feed. In this review we summarize HILIC methods recently developed for drug analysis (2006–2011). In addition, a list of important applications is provided, including experimental conditions and a brief summary of results. The references provide a comprehensive overview of current HILIC applications in drug analysis.
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Stir bar sorptive extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic determination of carvedilol in human serum using two different polymeric phases and an ionic liquid as desorption solvent. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1236:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Poggi JC, Da Silva FG, Coelho EB, Marques MP, Bertucci C, Lanchote VL. Analysis of carvedilol enantiomers in human plasma using chiral stationary phase column and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Chirality 2012; 24:209-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.21984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Magiera S, Uhlschmied C, Rainer M, Huck C, Baranowska I, Bonn G. GC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of β-blockers, flavonoids, isoflavones and their metabolites in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Baranowska I, Magiera S, Baranowski J. UHPLC method for the simultaneous determination of β-blockers, isoflavones and their metabolites in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:615-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
β-blockers are a class of antihypertensive drugs that are used for the management of cardiac arrhythmias, cardioprotection after myocardial infarction (heart attack) and hypertension. They have revolutionized the medical management of angina pectoris and are recommended as first-line agents by national and international guidelines. Although β-blockers are still the cornerstone for the treatment of heart failure, some of the drugs in this category are prohibited in several sports requiring vehicle control and bodily movements as they reduce heart rate and tremors, and improve performance. As a result, urine analysis of β-blockers is mandatory in doping control and toxicological screening. The determination of plasma levels of β-blockers helps to ensure noncompliance in patients with persistent hypertonia to confirm the diagnosis of β-blocker poisoning and for therapeutic drug monitoring. This review provides a comprehensive account of various analytical methods developed for detection and quantitation of β-blockers in plasma and urine.
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Park EJ, Lee HW, Ji HY, Kim HY, Lee MH, Park ES, Lee KC, Lee HS. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of donepezil in human plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of donepezil in volunteers. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 31:1205-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bioanalytical hydrophilic interaction chromatography: recent challenges, solutions and applications. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:239-53. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has, in recent years, been shown to be an important supplement to reversed-phase liquid chromatography for polar analytes. HILIC, in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), has been steadily gaining acceptance in the analysis of polar compounds from complex biological matrices. This hyphenated technique offers the advantages of improved sensitivity by employing high organic content in the mobile phase, shortened sample preparation time with direct injection of the organic-solvent extracts of biological samples and the potential for ultra-fast analysis because of low-column backpressure. This article reviews recent challenges presented by HILIC, advancements in the better understanding of retention characteristics of analytes with different mobile- and stationary-phase compositions and solutions to ion suppression and interference problems encountered in HILIC–MS/MS assays. Applications of HILIC–MS/MS are summarized, including those for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical diagnostics.
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Gomes NA, Vaidya VV, Pudage AM, Joshi SS, Parekh SA, Tamhankar AV. Application of a Sensitive, Rapid and Validated LC–MS–MS Method for the Determination of Carvedilol in Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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HPLC analysis, isolation and identification of a new degradation product in carvedilol tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hsieh Y. Potential of HILIC-MS in quantitative bioanalysis of drugs and drug metabolites. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1481-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ji HY, Park EJ, Lee KC, Lee HS. Quantification of doxazosin in human plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1628-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nguyen HP, Schug KA. The advantages of ESI-MS detection in conjunction with HILIC mode separations: Fundamentals and applications. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1465-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ikegami T, Tomomatsu K, Takubo H, Horie K, Tanaka N. Separation efficiencies in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:474-503. [PMID: 18294645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is important for the separation of highly polar substances including biologically active compounds, such as pharmaceutical drugs, neurotransmitters, nucleosides, nucleotides, amino acids, peptides, proteins, oligosaccharides, carbohydrates, etc. In the HILIC mode separation, aqueous organic solvents are used as mobile phases on more polar stationary phases that consist of bare silica, and silica phases modified with amino, amide, zwitterionic functional group, polyols including saccharides and other polar groups. This review discusses the column efficiency of HILIC materials in relation to solute and stationary phase structures, as well as comparisons between particle-packed and monolithic columns. In addition, a literature review consisting of 2006-2007 data is included, as a follow up to the excellent review by Hemström and Irgum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ikegami
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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