1
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Meng T, Li Y, Ma S, Zhang Q, Qiao F, Hou Y, Gao T, Yang J. Elaborating the crystal transformation referenced microhydrodynamic model and fracture mechanism combined molecular modelling of irbesartan nanosuspensions formation in wet media milling. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122562. [PMID: 36586631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, polymorphic transformation involved in media milling has become a key factor in inducing the instability of nanosuspensions (NSs). The variation trend of microhydrodynamic parameters, including milling intensity factor (F), can be observed under different milling conditions. Therefore, this study first referenced the microhydrodynamic model to explore how formulations and process parameters affect Irbesartan (IRB) form A crystallinity during wet media milling. As a result, the crystallinity of form A was affected by the intermolecular interactions between drug particles and stabilizers. The crystallinity of form A decreased with decreasing drug loading, increasing stirrer speed and bead loading, which depended on the role of F. Milling could promote the transformation from a 1H to 2H tetrazole ring with stabilizers containing -OH, and form B was changed to form A and finally to an amorphous state. Molecular modelling shows that forms A and B are ductile and fragile materials, respectively, and both present anisotropy. When milling beads hit both polymorphs paralleling to the (010) surface, the bead-bead collisions are more helpful in fracturing IRB particles. The results of this study may provide a foundation for controlling crystal transformation and obtaining ideal crystal forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Fangxia Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Yanhui Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
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2
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Meng T, Qiao F, Ma S, Gao T, Li L, Hou Y, Yang J. Exploring the influence factors and improvement strategies of drug polymorphic transformation combined kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives during the formation of nanosuspensions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1867-1880. [PMID: 35362347 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2061988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanosuspensions can effectively increase saturation solubility and improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs attributed to high loading and surface-to-volume ratio. Wet media milling has been regarded as a scalable method to prepare nanosuspensions because of its simple operation and easy scale-up. In recent years, besides particle aggregation and Ostwald ripening, polymorphic transformation induced by processing has become a critical factor leading to the instability of nanosuspensions. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the influence factors comprehensively and put forward the corresponding improvement strategies of polymorphic transformation during the formation of nanosuspensions. In addition, this review also demonstrates the implication of molecular simulation in polymorphic transformation. The competition between shear-induced amorphization and thermally activated crystallization is the global mechanism of polymorphic transformation during media milling. The factors affecting the polymorphic transformation and corresponding improvement strategies are summarized from formulation and process parameters perspectives during the formation of nanosuspensions. The development of analytical techniques has promoted the qualitative and quantitative characterization of polymorphic transformation, and some techniques can in-situ monitor dynamic transformation. The microhydrodynamic model can be referenced to study the stress intensities by analyzing formulation and process parameters during wet media milling. Molecular simulation can be used to explore the possible polymorphic transformation based on the crystal structure and energy. This review is helpful to improve the stability of nanosuspensions by regulating polymorphic transformation, providing quality assurance for nanosuspension-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, P R China
| | - Fangxia Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, P R China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, P R China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No.804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, P R China
| | - Yanhui Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, P R China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, P R China
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3
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Morrison H, Regens CS, Dunetz JR, Lapina O, Shah NP, Burke BJ, Wenderski T, Asselin SM, Vieira T. Mapping Polymorphic Behavior of Process Intermediates, an Often-Overlooked Exercise. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Morrison
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Christopher S. Regens
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joshua R. Dunetz
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Olga Lapina
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Nisha P. Shah
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Brenda J. Burke
- Process Chemistry, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Todd Wenderski
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Sylvie M. Asselin
- Process Chemistry, Erasca Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 140, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tiago Vieira
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
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4
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a very powerful tool for material analysis, allowing for exploring the properties of a wide range of different materials. Since its discovery, Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate several features of materials such carbonaceous and inorganic properties, providing useful information on their phases, functions, and defects. Furthermore, techniques such as surface and tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy have extended the field of application of Raman analysis to biological and analytical fields. Additionally, the robustness and versatility of Raman instrumentations represent a promising solution for performing on-field analysis for a wide range of materials. Recognizing the many hot applications of Raman spectroscopy, we herein overview the main and more recent applications for the investigation of a wide range of materials, such as carbonaceous and biological materials. We also provide a brief but exhaustive theoretical background of Raman spectroscopy, also providing deep insight into the analytical achievements.
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5
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Maestrelli F, Rossi P, Paoli P, De Luca E, Mura P. The role of solid state properties on the dissolution performance of flufenamic acid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113058. [PMID: 31881398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Flufenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug characterized by a low solubility and a variable oral bioavailability. Flufenamic acid is present in the commercial products in two polymorphic enantiotropic forms (Form I and III). Bioinequivalence was observed for commercial solid dosage forms due to the different dissolution rate of batches. Aim of this work is the full characterization of the solid state properties of flufenamic acid in order to evidence reasons of its variable dissolution properties. Two different batches of pure drug obtained by different suppliers were fully characterized. In order to evaluate the effect of the technological processes used for tablet production, the powders were submitted to grinding, kneading, and compression. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction studies proved that the drug was provided by both suppliers as Form I, Form III is obtained by recrystallization from ethanol or ethanol/water of both batches and no changes were observed after the different mechanical treatments. No difference was observed between the two forms in terms of equilibrium solubility values. Dissolution rate studies evidenced a difference between the two batches due to their different particle size, which disappeared after sieving. Interestingly, a significant difference in terms of intrinsic dissolution rate and surface wettability of the two compacted powders was observed, even after sieving, probably related to a different behavior of the two powder samples under compaction. These results should be taken into account, during a tablet formulation, in order to obtain a reproducible dissolution performance of the drug, regardless of its original supplier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maestrelli
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via U. Schiff, 6 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Paoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, Florence, Italy.
| | - Enrico De Luca
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via U. Schiff, 6 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Mura
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via U. Schiff, 6 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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6
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Ortiz KS, Hernández Espinell JR, Ortiz Torres D, Lopéz-Mejías V, Stelzer T. Polymorphism in Solid Dispersions. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2020; 20:713-722. [PMID: 38107251 PMCID: PMC10723824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Solid dispersions embed active pharmaceutical ingredients in polymeric carriers to improve their solubility. Three solid dispersion preparation techniques are typically employed: solvent evaporation, solvent-fusion, and fusion methods. Although these are also widely recommended as preparative methods for phase diagram determination, few examples exist concerning their effect on the resulting polymorph, once the solid dispersion is produced. In this study, the influence of these methods on the polymorphic form obtained in crystalline solid dispersions (CSDs) composed of flufenamic acid (FFA) and poly(ethylene glycol) was investigated. The physical mixtures and CSDs were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results reveal that the fusion method leads to concomitant polymorphs (mainly FFA I and III) in the CSDs. In contrast, the solvent evaporation and solvent-fusion methods lead to FFA III. Collectively, these results demonstrate that preparative methods have a significant influence on the phase diagrams determined (average relative deviation ≤8%), which are often used to justify the design space of manufacturing processes, including those deemed "continuous." Consequently, choosing a preparation method that results in the desired polymorph is crucial to ensure accurate determination of phase diagrams and critical quality attributes of formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sanabria Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - José R. Hernández Espinell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Desire Ortiz Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Vilmalí Lopéz-Mejías
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Torsten Stelzer
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, United States
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7
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Byrn SR, Chen XS, Smith PA. Predictive and Accelerated Formulation Design Using Synchrotron Methods. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:176. [PMID: 31037517 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive formulation design and accelerated formulation design can lead to the discovery of useful formulations to support drug clinical studies and successful drug approval. Predictive formulation design can also lead to discovery of a path for commercialization, especially for poorly soluble drugs, when the target product profile is well defined and a "learning before doing" approach is implemented. One of the key components of predictive/accelerated formulation design is to understand and leverage the material properties of drug substance including solubility, BCS classification, polymorphs, salt formation, amorphous form, amorphous complex, and stability. In addition, utilizing synchrotron-based PDF (pair distribution function) analysis can provide important structural information for the formulation. This knowledge allows control of physical and chemical stability of the designed product. Finally, formulation design should link to process development following Quality by Design principles, and solid-state chemistry should play a critical role in many of the steps required to achieve Quality by Design, which can lead to successful product development.
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8
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Morrison H, Fung P, Tran T, Horstman E, Carra E, Touba S. Use of Twin Screw Extruders as a Process Chemistry Tool: Application of Mechanochemistry To Support Early Development Programs. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Morrison
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Peter Fung
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - To Tran
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Elizabeth Horstman
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ernest Carra
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Steven Touba
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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9
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Espinell JRH, López-Mejías V, Stelzer T. Revealing Polymorphic Phase Transformations in Polymer-Based Hot Melt Extrusion Processes. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2018; 18:1995-2002. [PMID: 31889927 PMCID: PMC6936767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The inadvertent occurrence of polymorphic phase transformations in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) during hot melt extrusion (HME) processes has been claimed to limit the application of this technique. Hence, the control of polymorphism would need to be addressed if there is any prospect of HME to be successfully implemented as an alternative solid dosage formulation strategy in integrated, continuous end-to-end pharmaceutical manufacturing settings. This work demonstrates that flufenamic acid (FFA), one of the most polymorphic APIs known, thus far, can be processed using temperature-simulated HME with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as polymeric carrier. At temperatures above the transition point of FFA forms III and I (42 °C), the induction time of the polymorphic phase transformation is longer than the average reported residence time in conventional HME processes (5 min). Moreover, it was demonstrated that thorough understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic design space for the PEG-FFA system leads to polymorphic control in the produced crystalline solid dispersions. Ultimately, this investigation helps to gain fundamental understanding of the processing needs of crystalline solid dispersions, which will lead to the broader application of HME as a continuous manufacturing strategy for drug products containing APIs prone to polymorphism, representing about 80% of all APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Hernández Espinell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Vilmalí López-Mejías
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Torsten Stelzer
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, United States
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10
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Paudel A, Raijada D, Rantanen J. Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical product design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 89:3-20. [PMID: 25868453 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Almost 100 years after the discovery of the Raman scattering phenomenon, related analytical techniques have emerged as important tools in biomedical sciences. Raman spectroscopy and microscopy are frontier, non-invasive analytical techniques amenable for diverse biomedical areas, ranging from molecular-based drug discovery, design of innovative drug delivery systems and quality control of finished products. This review presents concise accounts of various conventional and emerging Raman instrumentations including associated hyphenated tools of pharmaceutical interest. Moreover, relevant application cases of Raman spectroscopy in early and late phase pharmaceutical development, process analysis and micro-structural analysis of drug delivery systems are introduced. Finally, potential areas of future advancement and application of Raman spectroscopic techniques are discussed.
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11
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Simone E, Saleemi A, Nagy Z. Application of quantitative Raman spectroscopy for the monitoring of polymorphic transformation in crystallization processes using a good calibration practice procedure. Chem Eng Res Des 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Pataki H, Soti P, Vigh T, Nagy ZK, Vajna B, Csontos I, Marosi G. Controlled Formation of Free-Flowing Carvedilol Particles in the Presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Yang L, Yin Q, Hou B, Wang Y, Bao Y, Wang J, Hao H. Solubility and Thermodynamic Stability of the Enantiotropic Polymorphs of 2,3,5-Trimethyl-1,4-diacetoxybenzene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303015m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Baohong Hou
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ying Bao
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s
Republic of China
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14
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Jabeen S, Dines TJ, Leharne SA, Chowdhry BZ. Raman and IR spectroscopic studies of fenamates--conformational differences in polymorphs of flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid and tolfenamic acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 96:972-985. [PMID: 22954807 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state Raman and IR spectra of two polymorphic forms of each of three fenamates (flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid and tolfenamic acid) display subtle but highly reproducible differences. Many of these spectral differences can be ascribed to different conformations of these molecules, involving two of four possible orientations of one substituted benzene ring with respect to the other. Interpretation of the vibrational spectra in terms of conformational differences has been facilitated by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level for each conformer. The calculated spectra are compared with the experimental spectra in order to identify the conformers present in two polymorphic forms in each case, and detailed band assignments are obtained from the DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Jabeen
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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15
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Palermo RN, Short SM, Anderson CA, Tian H, Drennen JK. Determination of Figures of Merit for Near-Infrared, Raman and Powder X-ray Diffraction by Net Analyte Signal Analysis for a Compacted Amorphous Dispersion with Spiked Crystallinity. J Pharm Innov 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-012-9127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Review: Use of Thermal, Diffraction, and Vibrational Analytical Methods to Determine Mechanisms of Solid Dispersion Stability. J Pharm Innov 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-012-9121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Chieng N, Rades T, Aaltonen J. An overview of recent studies on the analysis of pharmaceutical polymorphs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:618-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Heinz A, Strachan CJ, Gordon KC, Rades T. Analysis of solid-state transformations of pharmaceutical compounds using vibrational spectroscopy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.08.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Solid-state transformations may occur during any stage of pharmaceutical processing and upon storage of a solid dosage form. Early detection and quantification of these transformations during the manufacture of solid dosage forms is important since the physical form of an active pharmaceutical ingredient can significantly influence its processing behaviour, including powder flow and compressibility, and biopharmaceutical properties such as solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability.
Key findings
Vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, near-infrared, Raman and, most recently, terahertz pulsed spectroscopy have become popular for solidstate analysis since they are fast and non-destructive and allow solid-state changes to be probed at the molecular level. In particular, Raman and near-infrared spectroscopy, which require no sample preparation, are now commonly used coupled to fibreoptic probes and are able to characterise solid-state conversions in-line. Traditionally, uni- or bivariate approaches have been used to analyse spectroscopic data sets; however, recently the simultaneous detection of several solid-state forms has been increasingly performed using multivariate approaches where even overlapping spectral bands can be analysed.
Summary
This review discusses the applications of different vibrational spectroscopic techniques to detect and monitor solid-state transformations possible for crystalline polymorphs, hydrates and amorphous forms of pharmaceutical compounds. In this context, the theoretical basis of solid-state transformations and vibrational spectroscopy and common experimental approaches are described, including recent methods of data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heinz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Clare J Strachan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand
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19
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Velaga SP, Vangala VR, Basavoju S, Boström D. Polymorphism in acesulfame sweetener: structure–property and stability relationships of bending and brittle crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3562-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Al-Dulaimi S, Aina A, Burley J. Rapid polymorph screening on milligram quantities of pharmaceutical material using phonon-mode Raman spectroscopy. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b921114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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22
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Wikström H, Kakidas C, Taylor LS. Determination of hydrate transition temperature using transformation kinetics obtained by Raman spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:247-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Aaltonen J, Gordon KC, Strachan CJ, Rades T. Perspectives in the use of spectroscopy to characterise pharmaceutical solids. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:159-69. [PMID: 18555625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the solid-state properties is one of the key issues in understanding the performance of drugs. Recent developments in spectroscopic techniques have made them popular tools for solid phase analysis; they are fast, accurate and suitable for real-time measurements during processing, and further, they can be used to obtain structural understanding of solid forms, for example, by the use of multivariate analysis and computational chemistry. In this article emerging topics related to spectroscopic analysis of pharmaceutical solids are reviewed. The following areas are highlighted: (1) the importance of multivariate methods in the analysis of solid forms when using spectroscopic techniques, (2) spectroscopic analysis of processing-induced solid phase transformations in the manufacturing setting, (3) novel spectroscopic techniques and pharmaceutical examples of their use, and (4) the advantages and the use of computational simulation of vibrational spectra. The topics listed are thought to be of the foremost importance in improving the understanding of pharmaceutical materials, processes and formulations.
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