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Kang NH, Kim SH, Kim J. KoCVAM-led development of phototoxicity alternative test method using reconstructed human epidermis model (KeraSkin™). Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114698. [PMID: 38679282 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Phototoxicity is an acute toxic reaction induced by topical skin exposure to photoreactive chemicals followed by exposure to environmental light and thus chemicals that absorb UV are recommended to be evaluated for phototoxic potential. There are currently three internationally harmonized alternative test methods for phototoxicity. One of them is the in vitro Phototoxicity: RhE Phototoxicity test method (OECD TG498). Korean center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (KoCVAM) developed an in vitro phototoxicity test method using a KeraSkin™ reconstructed human epidermis model (KeraSkin™ Phototoxicity Assay) as a 'me-too' test method of OECD TG498. For the development and optimization of KeraSkin™ Phototoxicity Assay, the following test chemicals were used: 6 proficiency chemicals in OECD TG498 (3 phototoxic and 3 non-phototoxic), 6 reference chemicals in OECD Performance Standard No. 356 (excluding the proficiency test chemicals, 3 phototoxic and 3 non-phototoxic) and 13 additional chemicals (7 phototoxic and 6 non-phototoxic). Based on the test results generated from the test chemicals above, the overall predictive capacity of KeraSkin™ Phototoxicity Assay was calculated. In particular, the assay exhibited 100 % accuracy, 100 % sensitivity, and 100 % specificity. Therefore, it fulfills the requirements to be included as a 'me-too' test method in OECD TG498.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hee Kang
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (KoCVAM), Nonclinical Resource Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, 28159, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (KoCVAM), Nonclinical Resource Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohwan Kim
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (KoCVAM), Nonclinical Resource Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, 28159, Republic of Korea
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2
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Goto S, Setoguchi S, Matsunaga K, Takata J. Effects of radical scavengers for reactive oxygen species on vitamin K-induced phototoxicity under UVA irradiation. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105839. [PMID: 38723978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin K possesses efficacy as a topical dermatological agent. However, vitamin K is phototoxic and susceptible to photodegradation. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the phototoxicity of phylloquinone (PK, vitamin K1) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4, vitamin K2) under ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation using various reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. This resulted in the production of superoxide anion radicals via type I and singlet oxygen via type II photodynamic reactions, which were quenched by the ROS scavengers: superoxide dismutase and sodium azide (NaN3). In HaCaT cells, MK-4 and PK induced the production of intracellular ROS, particularly hydrogen peroxide, in response to UVA irradiation. Furthermore, the addition of catalase successfully decreased maximum ROS levels by approximately 30%. NaN3 and catalase decreased the maximum reduction in cell viability induced by UVA-irradiated PK and MK-4 in cell viability by approximately 2-7-fold. Additionally, ROS scavengers had no effect on the photodegradation of PK or MK-4 at 373 nm. Therefore, the phototoxicities of PK and MK-4 were attributed to the generation of singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, underscoring the importance of photoshielding in circumventing phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Setoguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Jiro Takata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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3
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Ueno K, Matsushita T, Sugihara M, Yamada K, Sato H, Onoue S. Solid lipid nanoparticles of lutein with improved dissolution behavior and oral absorption. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:877-883. [PMID: 37828716 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2270032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop solid lipid nanoparticles of lutein (SLN/LT) with improved dissolution behavior and oral absorption. SLN/LT were prepared by a flash nanoprecipitation method using a multi-inlet vortex mixer, and their physicochemical, photochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated. The mean particle size of SLN/LT re-dispersed in water was 237 nm, and small spherical particles with no significant aggregation were observed. LT significantly generated singlet oxygen upon exposure to pseudo-sunlight (250 W/m2, 1 h), suggesting its high photoreactivity. The remaining LT in LT solution, crystalline LT, and SLN/LT after irradiation with pseudo-sunlight (250 W/m2, 2 h) were 56.3, 86.7, and 101%, respectively. SLN/LT showed improved dissolution behavior of LT in simulated intestinal fluid, and the dissolved amounts of LT at 2 h were at least 50 times higher than that of crystalline LT. Orally administered SLN/LT (100 mg-LT/kg) exhibited enhanced oral absorption of LT, as evidenced by a relative bioavailability of 3.7 to crystalline LT in rats. SLN/LT may be a promising dosage form for orally available LT supplements, possibly leading to enhanced nutritional functions of LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Ueno
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsushita
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Monami Sugihara
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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Ohtake H, Tokuyoshi Y, Iyama Y, Nukaga T, Nishida H, Ohtake T, Hirota M, Yamada K, Seto Y, Sato H, Kouzuki H, Onoue S. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay-based photosafety screening for complex ingredients: Modification of the ROS assay protocol. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:483-492. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Ohtake
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yasuharu Tokuyoshi
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yosuke Iyama
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | | | | | | | - Kohei Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yoshiki Seto
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Yao XF, Tsai JD, Wu YH. Amlodipine-induced photodistributed telangiectasia and acquired dermal melanocytosis: A pediatric case report. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:439-441. [PMID: 33742476 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Yao
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Daw Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Wu
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Kowalska J, Rok J, Rzepka Z, Wrześniok D. Drug-Induced Photosensitivity-From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:723. [PMID: 34451820 PMCID: PMC8401619 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the number of photosensitization cases is constantly increasing due to excessive exposure to sunlight, the aesthetic value of a tan, and the increasing number of photosensitizing substances in food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The risk of photosensitivity reactions relates to several hundred externally and systemically administered drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antineoplastic drugs. Photosensitivity reactions often lead to hospitalization, additional treatment, medical management, decrease in patient's comfort, and the limitations of drug usage. Mechanisms of drug-induced photosensitivity are complex and are observed at a cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Photoexcitation and photoconversion of drugs trigger multidirectional biological reactions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in melanin synthesis. These effects contribute to the appearance of the following symptoms: erythema, swelling, blisters, exudation, peeling, burning, itching, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. This article reviews in detail the chemical and biological basis of drug-induced photosensitivity. The following factors are considered: the chemical properties, the influence of individual ranges of sunlight, the presence of melanin biopolymers, and the defense mechanisms of particular types of tested cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (J.K.); (J.R.); (Z.R.)
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Seto Y, Tonami R, Iyama Y, Sato H, Onoue S. An approach to evaluate metabolite-related phototoxicity with combined use of photochemical properties and skin deposition. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:91-97. [PMID: 34265374 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Some chemicals have been reported to cause metabolite-related phototoxicity, and this study aimed to verify the applicability of photosafety assessment based on photochemical and pharmacokinetic properties to evaluate the metabolite-related phototoxicity risk. The phototoxic risk of imipramine (IMI) and its metabolite, desipramine (DMI), was evaluated by photochemical and pharmacokinetic analyses. IMI and DMI were found to have similar photoreactivities based on the generation of reactive oxygen species. The skin concentrations of IMI and DMI reached maximal levels at approximately 1 and 4 h, respectively, after oral administration of IMI (10 mg/kg), and DMI showed high skin deposition compared with IMI. According to the results, DMI was identified as a contributor to phototoxicity induced by orally-taken IMI. In in vivo phototoxicity testing, ultraviolet A irradiation from 3 to 6 h after oral administration of IMI (100 mg/kg) caused more potent phototoxic reactions compared with that from 0 to 3 h, and DMI yielded by metabolism of IMI would be associated with phototoxic reactions caused by orally-administered IMI. In addition to the data on IMI, a parent chemical, photochemical and pharmacokinetic profiling of its metabolite, DMI, led to reliable phototoxicity prediction of orally-administered IMI. Thus, characterization of the photosafety of metabolites would generate reliable information on the phototoxicity risk of parent chemicals, and the proposed strategy may facilitate comprehensive photosafety assessment of drug candidates in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Seto
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Tonami
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yosuke Iyama
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Onoue S. [Establishment and International Harmonization of Photosafety Testing Strategy]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:807-812. [PMID: 34078785 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been drawn to predict a photosafety hazard on new chemicals. A number of phototoxins tend to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via energy transfer mechanisms following UV/VIS excitation, including superoxide and singlet oxygen. Then, ROS assay has been designed to assess photoreactivity of pharmaceuticals, of which the principle is to monitor types I and II photochemical reactions of the test chemicals when exposed to simulated sunlight. This simple analytical test could be used to screen potential chemical scaffolds, leads, and candidate drugs to identify and/or select away from those having phototoxic potential. The validation study for the ROS assay has been being carried out by the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), supervised by the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM). Although several false positives appeared, the ROS assay on 42 coded chemicals has provided no false negative predictions. The validation study tentatively indicates satisfactory outcomes in terms of transferability, intra- and inter-laboratory variability, and predictive capacity. Thus, a negative result in this ROS assay would indicate a very low probability of phototoxicity, whereas a positive result would be a flag for follow-up assessment. Upon international harmonization activities supported by several agencies and industrial groups, ROS assay was successfully adopted as International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) S10 guideline (2014) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 495 (2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Goto S, Setoguchi S, Nagata-Akaho N, Terada K, Watase D, Yamakawa H, Toki E, Koga M, Matsunaga K, Karube Y, Takata J. Ester derivatives of phyllohydroquinone effectively deliver the active form of vitamin K 1 topically, owing to their non-photosensitivity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105519. [PMID: 32822810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topical application of phylloquinone (PK) is beneficial to the skin; however, its topical use is limited in Europe owing to its photosensitive properties such as photodegradation and phototoxicity. We evaluated the suitability of ester derivatives of phyllohydroquinone (PKH), the active form of PK, for topical application to overcome the abovementioned problems of PK. We used the PKH derivatives PKH-1,4-bis-N,N-dimethylglycinate hydrochloride (PKH-DMG) and PKH-1,4-bis-hemisuccinate (PKH-SUC) for our studies. Photostability was determined by measuring the residual concentration after irradiation with artificial sunlight and multi-wavelength light. Phototoxicity after ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation was assessed by measuring drug-induced singlet oxygen and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell viability of a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Delivery of PKH into HaCaT cells was assessed by measuring PK epoxide (PKO) levels. The PKH derivatives showed higher photostability than PK. After UVA irradiation, PK induced high singlet oxygen levels and intracellular ROS generation, and reduced cell viability, whereas the PKH derivatives showed no effects. The PKH derivatives increased intracellular PKO levels. AUCPKO(0-72 h) values after PKH-DMG and PKH-SUC treatments were 0.741- and 22.9-fold higher than that after PK treatment, respectively. In conclusion, PKH derivatives act as PKH prodrugs and are suitable for topical application without the need for special protection from light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Setoguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nami Nagata-Akaho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Terada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watase
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Erina Toki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Koga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiharu Karube
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jiro Takata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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O’Mahoney P, McGuire VA, Dawe RS, Eadie E, Ibbotson SH. Research Techniques Made Simple: Experimental UVR Exposure. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2099-2104.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Heppt MV, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Marsela E, Wessely A, Kammerbauer C, Przybilla B, French LE, Berking C, Reinholz M. Comparative analysis of the phototoxicity induced by BRAF inhibitors and alleviation through antioxidants. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 36:126-134. [PMID: 31618797 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small molecules tackling mutated BRAF (BRAFi) are an important mainstay of targeted therapy in a variety of cancers including melanoma. Albeit commonly reported as side effect, the phototoxic potential of many BRAFi is poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated the phototoxicity of 17 distinct agents and investigated whether BRAFi-induced phototoxicity can be alleviated by antioxidants. METHODS The ultraviolet (UV) light absorbance of 17 BRAFi was determined. Their phototoxic potential was investigated independently with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) assay in vitro. To test for a possible phototoxicity alleviation by antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin E phosphate, trolox, and glutathione (GSH) were added to the 3T3 assay of selected inhibitors. RESULTS The highest cumulative absorbance for both UVA and UVB was detected for vemurafenib. The formation of ROS was more pronounced for all compounds after irradiation with UVA than with UVB. In the 3T3 NRU assay, 8 agents were classified as phototoxic, including vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and encorafenib. There was a significant correlation between the formation of singlet oxygen (P = .026) and superoxide anion (P < .001) and the phototoxicity observed in the 3T3 NRU assay. The phototoxicity of vemurafenib was fully rescued in the 3T3 NRU assay after GSH was added at different concentrations. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that most of the BRAF inhibitors exhibited a considerable phototoxic potential, predominantly after exposure to UVA. GSH may help treat and prevent the phototoxicity induced by vemurafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Enklajd Marsela
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Wessely
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Kammerbauer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Przybilla
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Zhao Y, Lu Z, Dai X, Wei X, Yu Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Li C. Glycomimetic-Conjugated Photosensitizer for Specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recognition and Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3222-3230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhentan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaomei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaosong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunjian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuelei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chaoxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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McBeth C, Dughaishi RA, Paterson A, Sharp D. Ubiquinone modified printed carbon electrodes for cell culture pH monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 113:46-51. [PMID: 29727751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of pH is important throughout many biological systems, but there are limited available technologies to enable its periodical monitoring in the complex, small volume, media often used in cell culture experiments across a range of disciplines. Herein, pad printed electrodes are developed and characterised through modification with: a commercially available fullerene multiwall carbon nanotube composite applied in Nafion, casting of hydrophobic ubiquinone as a pH probe to provide the electrochemical signal, and coated in Polyethylene glycol to reduce fouling and potentially enhance biocompatibility, which together are proven to enable the determination of pH in cell culture media containing serum. The ubiquinone oxidation peak position (Epa) provided an indirect marker of pH across the applicable range of pH 6-9 (R2 = 0.9985, n = 15) in complete DMEM. The electrochemical behaviour of these sensors was also proven to be robust; retaining their ability to measure pH in cell culture media supplemented with serum up to 20% (v/v) [encompassing the range commonly employed in cell culture], cycled > 100 times in 10% serum containing media and maintain > 60% functionality after 5 day incubation in a 10% serum containing medium. Overall, this proof of concept research highlights the potential applicability of this, or similar, electrochemical approaches to enable to detection or monitoring of pH in complex cell culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig McBeth
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rajaa Al Dughaishi
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Paterson
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Sharp
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom.
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14
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Fang H, Gao Y, Wang H, Yin H, Li G, An T. Photo-induced oxidative damage to dissolved free amino acids by the photosensitizer polycyclic musk tonalide: Transformation kinetics and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 115:339-346. [PMID: 28288313 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Residue from the polycyclic musks (PCMs) in household and personal care products may harm human beings through skin exposure. To understand the health effects of PCMs when exposed to sunlight at molecular level, both experimental and computational methods were employed to investigate the photosensitized oxidation performance of 19 natural amino acids, the most basic unit of life. Results showed that a typical PCM, tonalide, acts as a photosensitizer to significantly increase photo-induced oxidative damage to amino acids. Both common and exceptional transformation pathways occurred during the photosensitization damage of amino acids. Experimental tests further identified the different mechanisms involved. The common transformation pathway occurred through the electron transfer from α amino-group of amino acids, accompanying with the formation of O2•-. This pathway was controlled by the electronic density of N atom in α amino-group. The exceptional transformation pathway was identified only for five amino acids, mainly due to the reactions with reactive oxygen species, e.g. 1O2 and excited triplet state molecules. Additionally, tonalide photo-induced transformation products could further accelerate the photosensitization of all amino acids with the common pathway. This study may support the protection of human health, and suggests the possible need to further restrict polycyclic musks use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongliang Yin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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15
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Novel benzophenone-3 derivatives with promising potential as UV filters: Relationship between structure, photoprotective potential and phototoxicity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:200-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Lee YS, Yi JS, Lim HR, Kim TS, Ahn IY, Ko K, Kim J, Park HK, Sohn SJ, Lee JK. Phototoxicity Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Substances with a Reactive Oxygen Species Assay Using Ultraviolet A. Toxicol Res 2017; 33:43-48. [PMID: 28133512 PMCID: PMC5266373 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.1.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With ultraviolet and visible light exposure, some pharmaceutical substances applied systemically or topically may cause phototoxic skin irritation. The major factor in phototoxicity is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and superoxide anion that cause oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. Thus, measuring the generation of ROS can predict the phototoxic potential of a given substance indirectly. For this reason, a standard ROS assay (ROS assay) was developed and validated and provides an alternative method for phototoxicity evaluation. However, negative substances are over-predicted by the assay. Except for ultraviolet A (UVA), other UV ranges are not a major factor in causing phototoxicity and may lead to incorrect labeling of some non-phototoxic substances as being phototoxic in the ROS assay when using a solar simulator. A UVA stimulator is also widely used to evaluate phototoxicity in various test substances. Consequently, we identified the applicability of a UVA simulator to the ROS assay for photoreactivity. In this study, we tested 60 pharmaceutical substances including 50 phototoxins and 10 non-phototoxins to predict their phototoxic potential via the ROS assay with a UVA simulator. Following the ROS protocol, all test substances were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or sodium phosphate buffer. The final concentration of the test solutions in the reaction mixture was 20 to 200 μM. The exposure was with 2.0~2.2 mW/cm2 irradiance and optimization for a relevant dose of UVA was performed. The generation of ROS was compared before and after UVA exposure and was measured by a microplate spectrophotometer. Sensitivity and specificity values were 85.7% and 100.0% respectively, and the accuracy was 88.1%. From this analysis, the ROS assay with a UVA simulator is suitable for testing the photoreactivity and estimating the phototoxic potential of various test pharmaceutical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun Lee
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Yi
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Lim
- Herbal Medicinal Products Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Il Young Ahn
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyungyuk Ko
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - JooHwan Kim
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Sohn
- Toxicological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Lee
- Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea
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17
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Yonezawa Y, Ohsumi T, Miyashita T, Kataoka A, Hashimoto K, Nejishima H, Ogawa H. Evaluation of skin phototoxicity study using SD rats by transdermal and oral administration. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 40:667-83. [PMID: 26558448 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Guinea pigs are the most frequently used animals in phototoxicity studies. However, general toxicity studies most often use Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. To reduce the number of animals needed for drug development, we examined whether skin phototoxicity studies could be performed using SD rats. A total of 19 drugs that had previously been shown to have phototoxic potential and 3 known phototoxic compounds were administered transdermally to guinea pigs and SD rats. Eleven of the potentially phototoxic drugs and 2 of the known phototoxic compounds were also administered orally to guinea pigs and SD rats. After administration, the animals were irradiated with UV-A (10 J/cm(2)) and UV-B (0.25 J/cm(2) in guinea pigs and 0.031 J/cm(2) in SD rats) with doses based on standard phototoxicity study guidelines and the results of a minimum erythema dose test, respectively. In the transdermal administration study, all of the known phototoxic compounds and 7 of the drugs induced phototoxic reactions. In the oral administration study, both known phototoxic compounds and 5 drugs induced phototoxic reactions in both species; one compound each was found to be toxic only in SD rats or guinea pigs. The concordance rate of guinea pigs and SD rats was 100% in the transdermal administration study and 85% in the oral administration study. This study demonstrated that phototoxicity studies using SD rats have the same potential to detect phototoxic compounds as studies using guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yonezawa
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department Drug Research Center Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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18
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Development of fluorometric reactive oxygen species assay for photosafety evaluation. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Nihei T, Suzuki H, Aoki A, Yuminoki K, Hashimoto N, Sato H, Seto Y, Onoue S. Development of a novel nanoparticle formulation of thymoquinone with a cold wet-milling system and its pharmacokinetic analysis. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:455-461. [PMID: 27451272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a nanoparticle (NP) formulation of thymoquinone (TQ), a potent anti-oxidant chemical, with use of a cold wet-milling (CWM) system to improve its dissolution behavior and pharmacokinetic properties. The NP formulation of TQ (TQ/CWM) was prepared by CWM system, and its physicochemical properties were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, morphology, crystallinity, and dissolution. The photochemical properties of TQ were also examined upon UV/VIS absorption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and photostability. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in rats. Application of the CWM system to TQ led to successful development of nano-sized TQ. The mean diameter of TQ in TQ/CWM was calculated to be 143nm, and TQ particles in TQ/CWM were found to be amorphous. There was a marked improvement in dissolution rate compared with TQ. TQ showed significant generation of singlet oxygen and superoxide upon exposure to simulated sunlight, suggesting its high photoreactivity, and solid samples such as TQ and TQ/CWM exhibited higher photostability than TQ solution. In comparison with TQ, enhanced TQ exposure was observed with a ca. 6-fold increase of oral bioavailability, and the Tmax was shown to be a quarter. From these findings, the NP approach employing the CWM system might be a promising dosage option for improving the nutraceutical values of TQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nihei
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroki Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Asako Aoki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kayo Yuminoki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physicochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Naofumi Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physicochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Seto
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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20
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Onoue S, Ohtake H, Suzuki G, Seto Y, Nishida H, Hirota M, Ashikaga T, Kouzuki H. Comparative study on prediction performance of photosafety testing tools on photoallergens. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 33:147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Kato M, Suzuki G, Ohtake H, Seto Y, Onoue S. New Photosafety Assessment Strategy Based on the Photochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Both Parent Chemicals and Metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1815-22. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Onoue S, Hosoi K, Toda T, Takagi H, Osaki N, Matsumoto Y, Kawakami S, Wakuri S, Iwase Y, Yamamoto T, Nakamura K, Ohno Y, Kojima H. Intra-/inter-laboratory validation study on reactive oxygen species assay for chemical photosafety evaluation using two different solar simulators. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 28:515-23. [PMID: 24384453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A previous multi-center validation study demonstrated high transferability and reliability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay for photosafety evaluation. The present validation study was undertaken to verify further the applicability of different solar simulators and assay performance. In 7 participating laboratories, 2 standards and 42 coded chemicals, including 23 phototoxins and 19 non-phototoxic drugs/chemicals, were assessed by the ROS assay using two different solar simulators (Atlas Suntest CPS series, 3 labs; and Seric SXL-2500V2, 4 labs). Irradiation conditions could be optimized using quinine and sulisobenzone as positive and negative standards to offer consistent assay outcomes. In both solar simulators, the intra- and inter-day precisions (coefficient of variation; CV) for quinine were found to be below 10%. The inter-laboratory CV for quinine averaged 15.4% (Atlas Suntest CPS) and 13.2% (Seric SXL-2500V2) for singlet oxygen and 17.0% (Atlas Suntest CPS) and 7.1% (Seric SXL-2500V2) for superoxide, suggesting high inter-laboratory reproducibility even though different solar simulators were employed for the ROS assay. In the ROS assay on 42 coded chemicals, some chemicals (ca. 19-29%) were unevaluable because of limited solubility and spectral interference. Although several false positives appeared with positive predictivity of ca. 76-92% (Atlas Suntest CPS) and ca. 75-84% (Seric SXL-2500V2), there were no false negative predictions in both solar simulators. A multi-center validation study on the ROS assay demonstrated satisfactory transferability, accuracy, precision, and predictivity, as well as the availability of other solar simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Hosoi
- Non-Clinical Research Group, Ophthalmic Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 8916-16 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Toda
- Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hironori Takagi
- Research Center, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Naoto Osaki
- Research Center, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumoto
- Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1, Shimosakunobe, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-8522, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawakami
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku Izunokuni-shi, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Shinobu Wakuri
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-8523, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iwase
- Safety Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1-1-1, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Yamamoto
- Safety Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50, Kawaguchi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Nakamura
- Product Development Regulatory Affairs Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-17-5 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8673, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohno
- National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM), National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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23
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Onoue S, Suzuki G, Kato M, Hirota M, Nishida H, Kitagaki M, Kouzuki H, Yamada S. Non-animal photosafety assessment approaches for cosmetics based on the photochemical and photobiochemical properties. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2316-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Onoue S, Kato M, Inoue R, Seto Y, Yamada S. Photosafety Screening of Phenothiazine Derivatives With Combined Use of Photochemical and Cassette-Dosing Pharmacokinetic Data. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:469-77. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Bakkour W, Haylett AK, Gibbs NK, Chalmers RJG, Rhodes LE. Photodistributed telangiectasia induced by calcium channel blockers: case report and review of the literature. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2013; 29:272-5. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Bakkour
- Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester; UK
| | | | - Neil K. Gibbs
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester; UK
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26
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Seto Y, Kato M, Yamada S, Onoue S. Development of micellar reactive oxygen species assay for photosafety evaluation of poorly water-soluble chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1838-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Kleinman MH. Using photoreactivity studies to provide insight into the photosafety of pharmaceutical therapies. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Dothel G, Vasina V, Barbara G, De Ponti F. Animal models of chemically induced intestinal inflammation: Predictivity and ethical issues. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:71-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Seto Y, Inoue R, Kato M, Yamada S, Onoue S. Photosafety assessments on pirfenidone: Photochemical, photobiological, and pharmacokinetic characterization. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 120:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Onoue S, Kato M, Yamada S. Development of an albuminous reactive oxygen species assay for photosafety evaluation under experimental biomimetic conditions. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:158-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
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31
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Onoue S, Hosoi K, Wakuri S, Iwase Y, Yamamoto T, Matsuoka N, Nakamura K, Toda T, Takagi H, Osaki N, Matsumoto Y, Kawakami S, Seto Y, Kato M, Yamada S, Ohno Y, Kojima H. Establishment and intra-/inter-laboratory validation of a standard protocol of reactive oxygen species assay for chemical photosafety evaluation. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1241-50. [PMID: 22696462 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was previously developed for photosafety evaluation of pharmaceuticals, and the present multi-center study aimed to establish and validate a standard protocol for ROS assay. In three participating laboratories, two standards and 42 coded chemicals, including 23 phototoxins and 19 nonphototoxic drugs/chemicals, were assessed by the ROS assay according to the standardized protocol. Most phototoxins tended to generate singlet oxygen and/or superoxide under UV-vis exposure, but nonphototoxic chemicals were less photoreactive. In the ROS assay on quinine (200 µm), a typical phototoxic drug, the intra- and inter-day precisions (coefficient of variation; CV) were found to be 1.5-7.4% and 1.7-9.3%, respectively. The inter-laboratory CV for quinine averaged 15.4% for singlet oxygen and 17.0% for superoxide. The ROS assay on 42 coded chemicals (200 µm) provided no false negative predictions upon previously defined criteria as compared with the in vitro/in vivo phototoxicity, although several false positives appeared. Outcomes from the validation study were indicative of satisfactory transferability, intra- and inter-laboratory variability, and predictive capacity of the ROS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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32
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Onoue S, Uchida A, Kuriyama K, Nakamura T, Seto Y, Kato M, Hatanaka J, Tanaka T, Miyoshi H, Yamada S. Novel solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system of coenzyme Q₁₀ with improved photochemical and pharmacokinetic behaviors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:492-9. [PMID: 22498005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to develop a solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS) with high photostability and oral bioavailability. The CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS was prepared by spray-drying an emulsion preconcentrate containing CoQ(10), medium-chain triglyceride, sucrose ester of fatty acid, and hydroxypropyl cellulose, and its physicochemical, photochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated. The CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS powder with a diameter of ca. 15 μm was obtained by spray-drying, in which the CoQ(10) was mostly amorphized. The CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS exhibited immediate self-emulsification when introduced to aqueous media under gentle agitation, forming uniform fine droplets with a mean diameter of ca. 280 nm. There was marked generation of reactive oxygen species, in particular superoxide, from CoQ(10) exposed to simulated sunlight (250W/m(2)), suggesting potent photoreactivity. Nano-emulsified solution of CoQ(10) under light exposure underwent photodegradation with 22-fold higher degradation kinetics than crystalline CoQ(10), although the CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS was less photoreactive. After the oral administration of CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS (100 mg-CoQ(10)/kg) in rats, enhanced exposure of CoQ(10) was observed with increases in both C(max) and AUC of ca. 5-fold in comparison with those of orally administered crystalline CoQ(10). From the improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic data, the s-SEDDS approach upon spray-drying might be a suitable dosage option for enhancing nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values of CoQ(10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Onoue S, Seto Y, Ochi M, Inoue R, Ito H, Hatano T, Yamada S. In vitro photochemical and phototoxicological characterization of major constituents in St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) extracts. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:1814-20. [PMID: 21782201 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from St. John's Wort (SJW: Hypericum perforatum) have been used for the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression. In spite of the high therapeutic potential, orally administered SJW sometimes causes phototoxic skin responses. As such, the present study aimed to clarify the phototoxic mechanisms and to identify the major phototoxins of SJW extract. Photobiochemical properties of SJW extract and 19 known constituents were characterized with focus on generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and DNA photocleavage, which are indicative of photosensitive, photoirritant, and photogenotoxic potentials, respectively. ROS assay revealed the photoreactivity of SJW extract and some SJW ingredients as evidenced by type I and/or II photochemical reactions under light exposure. Not all the ROS-generating constituents caused photosensitized peroxidation of linoleic acid and photodynamic cleavage of plasmid DNA, and only hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin exhibited in vitro photoirritant potential. Concomitant UV exposure of quercitrin, an SJW component with potent UV/Vis absorption, with hyperforin resulted in significant attenuation of photodynamic generation of singlet oxygen from hyperforin, but not with hypericin. In conclusion, our results suggested that hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin might be responsible for the in vitro phototoxic effects of SJW extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Damoiseaux R, George S, Li M, Pokhrel S, Ji Z, France B, Xia T, Suarez E, Rallo R, Mädler L, Cohen Y, Hoek EMV, Nel A. No time to lose--high throughput screening to assess nanomaterial safety. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:1345-60. [PMID: 21301704 PMCID: PMC3980675 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials hold great promise for medical, technological and economical benefits. Knowledge concerning the toxicological properties of these novel materials is typically lacking. At the same time, it is becoming evident that some nanomaterials could have a toxic potential in humans and the environment. Animal based systems lack the needed capacity to cope with the abundance of novel nanomaterials being produced, and thus we have to employ in vitro methods with high throughput to manage the rush logistically and use high content readouts wherever needed in order to gain more depth of information. Towards this end, high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS) approaches can be used to speed up the safety analysis on a scale that commensurate with the rate of expansion of new materials and new properties. The insights gained from HTS/HCS should aid in our understanding of the tenets of nanomaterial hazard at biological level as well as assist the development of safe-by-design approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the HTS/HCS methodology employed for safety assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), including data analysis and prediction of potentially hazardous material properties. Given the current pace of nanomaterial development, HTS/HCS is a potentially effective means of keeping up with the rapid progress in this field--we have literally no time to lose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Damoiseaux
- Molecular Screening Shared Resources, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- California NanoSystems Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - S George
- Department of Medicine-Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - M Li
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - S Pokhrel
- IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Z Ji
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - B France
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - T Xia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - E Suarez
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - R Rallo
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
- Departament d’Enginyeria Informatica i Matematiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalunya, Spain
| | - L Mädler
- California NanoSystems Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, California
- IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Y Cohen
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - EMV Hoek
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - A Nel
- Department of Medicine-Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- California NanoSystems Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles
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Ringeissen S, Marrot L, Note R, Labarussiat A, Imbert S, Todorov M, Mekenyan O, Meunier JR. Development of a mechanistic SAR model for the detection of phototoxic chemicals and use in an integrated testing strategy. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:324-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Peukert S, Nunez J, He F, Dai M, Yusuff N, DiPesa A, Miller-Moslin K, Karki R, Lagu B, Harwell C, Zhang Y, Bauer D, Kelleher JF, Egan W. A method for estimating the risk of drug-induced phototoxicity and its application to smoothened inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00144b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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High-Throughput Screening System for Identifying Phototoxic Potential of Drug Candidates Based on Derivatives of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1610-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Seto Y, Ochi M, Onoue S, Yamada S. High-throughput screening strategy for photogenotoxic potential of pharmaceutical substances using fluorescent intercalating dye. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:781-6. [PMID: 20236783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to provide an intercalator-based photogenotoxicity (IBP) assay as a high-throughput in vitro screening system for predicting the photogenotoxic potential of pharmaceutical substances. The conditions of the high-throughput IBP assay using thiazole orange (TO), a fluorescent intercalating dye, were optimized and validated by a fluorescence titration experiment and reproducibility/robustness test. The IBP assay was applied to 27 phototoxic and 5 weak/non-phototoxic commercially available compounds, and other phototoxicity screenings were also carried out for comparison; these included the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay for overall phototoxic potential and the DNA-photocleavage assay for photogenotoxic risk. According to the results from the comparative experiments, a decreased level of intercalated TO in the IBP assay could theoretically be related to the DNA-photocleaving behaviors of phototoxic drugs, but not to their ROS-generating abilities. The IBP assay could predict the photodynamic DNA impairment caused by irradiated drugs with a prediction accuracy of 78%. These findings suggest that the IBP assay could be a fast and reliable tool for predicting the photogenotoxic potential of a large number of drug candidates at early stages of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Seto
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Onoue S, Seto Y, Oishi A, Yamada S. Novel Methodology for Predicting Photogenotoxic Risk of Pharmaceutical Substances Based on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and DNA-Binding Assay. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:3647-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Onoue S, Kawamura K, Igarashi N, Zhou Y, Fujikawa M, Yamada H, Tsuda Y, Seto Y, Yamada S. Reactive oxygen species assay-based risk assessment of drug-induced phototoxicity: classification criteria and application to drug candidates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:967-72. [PMID: 18455898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the phototoxic potential of chemicals could be partly predicted by the determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from photo-irradiated compounds. In this study, ROS assay strategy was applied to 39 marketed drugs and 210 drug candidates in order to establish provisional classification criteria for risk assessment of drug-induced phototoxicity. The photosensitizing properties of 39 model compounds consisting of phototoxic and non-phototoxic chemicals, as well as ca. 210 drug candidates including 11 chemical series were evaluated using ROS assay and the 3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity test (NRU PT). With respect to marketed drugs, most phototoxic drugs tended to cause type I and/or II photochemical reactions, resulting in generation of singlet oxygen and superoxide. There seemed to be a clear difference between phototoxic drugs and non-phototoxic compounds in their abilities to induce photochemical reactions. A plot analysis of ROS data on the marked drugs provided classification criteria to discriminate the photosensitizers from non-phototoxic substances. Of all drug candidates tested, 35.2% compounds were identified as phototoxic or likely phototoxic on the basis of the 3T3 NRU PT, and all ROS data for these phototoxic compounds were found to be over the threshold value. Furthermore, 46.3% of non-phototoxic drug candidates were found to be in the subthreshold region. These results verify the usefulness of the ROS assay for understanding the phototoxicity risk of pharmaceutical substances, and the ROS assay can be used for screening purposes in the drug discovery stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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