Separation and determination of ketoprofen, methylparaben and propylparaben in pharmaceutical preparation by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

HPLC Method Validation for the Estimation of Lignocaine HCl, Ketoprofen and Hydrocortisone: Greenness Analysis Using AGREE Score

In the current study, the reversed-phased high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was proposed for the estimation of lignocaine hydrochloride (LIG), hydrocortisone (HYD) and Ketoprofen (KET) according to International Conference for Harmonization (ICH) Q2 R1 guidelines, in a gel formulation. The chromatographic evaluation was executed using Shimadzu RP-HPLC, equipped with a C8 column and detected using UV at 254 nm wavelength, using acetonitrile and buffer (50:50) as a mobile phase and diluent, at flow rate 1 mL/min and n injection volume of 20 μL. The retention time for LIG, HYD, and KET were 1.54, 2.57, and 5.78 min, correspondingly. The resultant values of analytical recovery demonstrate accuracy and precision of the method and was found specific in identification of the drugs from dosage form and marketed products. The limit of detection (LOD) for LIG, HYD, and KET were calculated to be 0.563, 0.611, and 0.669 ppm, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was estimated almost at 1.690, 1.833, and 0.223 ppm, respectively. The AGREE software was utilized to evaluate the greenness score of the proposed method, and it was found greener in score (0.76). This study concluded that the proposed method was simple, accurate, precise, robust, economical, reproducible, and suitable for the estimation of drugs in transdermal gels.

A simple and rapid HPLC method for determination of parabens and their degradation products in pharmaceutical dosage forms

A stability-indicating HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of paraben mixture and its degradation products in effervescent potassium chloride tablets. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Cortecs C18 column (2.7 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm) using gradient elution. The optimized mobile phase consisted of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in purified water as solvent A and purified water, acetonitrile, and orthophosphoric acid (100:900:1, v/v) as solvent B. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, and column temperature was maintained at 35°C. The injection volume was 10 μL, and UV detection was carried out at 254 nm. The selectively developed method has optimal separation among p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben peaks in the presence of specified and unspecified degradation products in the determination of drug product. The mass balance obtained from forced degradation studies was ≥95% and thus proves the stability-indicating property of the developed method. The developed reversed-phase HPLC method has been validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The correlation coefficients for all the peaks were >0.9999. The results of the other validation parameters were found within the limits. Finally, the optimized method was used in the quality control lab for stability analysis.

Separation of ketoprofen enantiomers at nanomolar concentration levels by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with on-line electrokinetic preconcentration

Abstract Separation of enantiomers represents an extremely important task in the field of analytical chemistry. This paper contributes to the field of the on-line preconcentration of enantiomers by developing a novel setup based on the electrokinetic accumulation of ketoprofen enantiomers on the pH boundary followed by enantioselective mobilization by a mixture of SDS, sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD), and trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (TM-β-CD). Under the best conditions, where the injection electrolyte was composed of 50 mmol L−1 borate/NaOH pH 9.5 with 60% (v/v) methanol, the background electrolyte contained 50 mmol L−1 phosphate/NaOH pH 2.5, and the mobilization electrolyte consisted of 50 mmol L−1 phosphate/NaOH pH 2.5 with 4.0% (w/v) S-β-CD, 0.5% (w/v) TM-β-CD, and 20 mmol L−1 SDS, the determination of nanomolar concentration levels of ketoprofen enantiomers was successful by using micellar electrokinetic chromatography with a common UV detection. LODs were 2.5 nmol L−1 and 3.4 nmol L−1, which represent enhancement factors of 9921 and 8529, respectively. The method was also applied to the determination of ketoprofen enantiomers in waste water samples by using simple filtration as a clean-up step. Here, the recovery of ketoprofen enantiomers was 91% at the concentration level of 5×10−9 mol L−1. Graphical abstract

Isocratic liquid chromatographic determination of three paraben preservatives in hygiene wipes using a reversed phase core-shell narrow-bore column

The first HPLC method for the separation of three paraben preservatives (methyl-, ethyl- and propyl parabens) using a core-shell analytical column is reported in this study. The separation was completed in less than 8 min at a low flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1 and an isocratic mobile phase containing 20% acetonitrile as organic modifier. The backpressure was HPLC equipment. The proposed analytical procedure was validated for linearity (0.5–20 µg L−1), limits of detection (15–43 µg L−1) and quantification (50–142 µg L−1), selectivity, within day (1.3–1.5%) and day-to-day (3.4–4.6%) precision and accuracy. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of the selected paraben preservatives in commercially available hygiene wipes. The mean percent recoveries were found to be in the range of 98.0–98.4%.

Selective micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of some pharmaceutical binary mixtures containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A simple and selective micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method has been developed for the analysis of five pharmaceutical binary mixtures containing three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The investigated mixtures were Ibuprofen (IP)–Paracetamol (PC), Ibuprofen (IP)–Chlorzoxazone (CZ), Ibuprofen (IP)–Methocarbamol (MC), Ketoprofen (KP)–Chlorzoxazone (CZ) and Diclofenac sodium (DS)–Lidocaine hydrochloride (LC). The separation was run for all mixtures using borate buffer (20 mM, pH 9) containing 15% (v/v) methanol and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at 15 kV and the components were detected at 214 nm. Different factors affecting the electrophoretic mobility of the seven investigated drugs were studied and optimized. The method was validated according to international conference of harmonization (ICH) guidelines and United States pharmacopoeia (USP). The method was applied to the analysis of five pharmaceutical binary mixtures in their dosage forms. The results were compared with other reported high performance liquid chromatographic methods and no significant differences were observed.