1
|
Bajaber MA, Kamel AH. All-Solid State Potentiometric Sensors for Desvenlafaxine Detection Using Biomimetic Imprinted Polymers as Recognition Receptors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224814. [PMID: 36432940 PMCID: PMC9693087 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as an ion-to-electron transducer, a novel disposable all-solid-state desvenlafaxine-selective electrode based on a screen-printed carbon paste electrode was created. SWCNTs were put onto the carbon-paste electrode area, which was protected by a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane with a desvenlafaxine-imprinted polymer serving as a recognition receptor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometric techniques were used to examine the electrochemical characteristics of the SWCNTs/PVC coating on the carbon screen-printed electrode. The electrode displayed a 57.2 ± 0.8 mV/decade near-Nernstian slope with a 2.0 × 10-6 M detection limit. In 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6, the ODV-selective electrodes displayed a quick reaction (5 s) and outstanding stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. The usefulness of electrodes was demonstrated in samples of ODV-containing pharmaceutical products and human urine. These electrodes have the potential to be mass produced and employed as disposable sensors for on-site testing, since they are quick, practical, and inexpensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majed A. Bajaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman H. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Abbasia, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dubey SK, Jindal M, Nagpal S, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Anand A, Krishna KV. A Systematic Review on Analytical Methods to Determine Chiral and Achiral Forms of Venlafaxine and its Metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190204144202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Venlafaxine (VEN) is a bicyclic phenylethylamine derivative and possesses a
marked structural difference from other antidepressant drugs present in the market. It works by eliciting
the neurotransmitter action in CNS. It occurs in two enantiomeric forms i.e. R and S VEN. After the
first pass metabolism, it gets metabolized into more active form O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) which
also exist in the enantiomeric forms. So it is important to develop a suitable analytical and bioanalytical
method for the determination of VEN and its metabolite to quantify them accurately.
Methods and Results:
The current review summarizes methods to determine chiral and achiral forms of
VEN and ODV. According to the literature, it is clear that most widely used method for the determination
of VEN and ODV is liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, other methods used for routine
analysis include UV spectroscopy, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with PDA
detector. For the determination of enantiomeric forms of VEN and ODV, different chiral columns have
been utilized. Capillary electrophoresis with charged cyclodextrins is also used to determine the enantiomeric
forms.
Conclusion:
Various analytical methods for determining VEN and its metabolite in different matrices
have been discussed thoroughly in the present review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | - Monika Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | - Shakti Nagpal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | - Ranendra N. Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for four antidepressants and one metabolite in clinical plasma and urine samples. Bioanalysis 2019; 12:35-52. [PMID: 31849264 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Routine therapeutic drug monitoring is highly recommended since common antidepressant combinations increase the risk of drug-drug interactions or overlapping toxicity. Materials & methods: A magnetic solid-phase extraction by using C18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles (C18-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs) as sorbent was proposed for rapid extraction of venlafaxine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine and sertraline from clinical plasma and urine samples followed by ultra-HPLC-MS/MS assay. Results: The synthesized C18-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs showed high magnetization and efficient extraction for the analytes. After cleanup by magnetic solid-phase extraction, no matrix effects were found in plasma and urine matrices. The analytes showed LODs among 0.15-0.75 ng ml-1, appropriate linearity (R ≥ 0.9990) from 2.5 to 1000 ng ml-1, acceptable accuracies 89.1-110.9% with precisions ≤11.0%. The protocol was successfully applied for the analysis of patients' plasma and urine samples. Conclusion: It shows high potential in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of clinical biological samples.
Collapse
|
4
|
Reddi SS, Singhvi G, Khosa A, Krishna KV, Saha RN. Determination of Venlafaxine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method with UV Detector. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666171228162205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A robust and validated analytical method is a key component at various stages
of pharmaceutical product development to ensure identity, purity and quality of drugs and formulations.
Objective:
The aim of proposed work was to develop and validate a simple, sensitive and stability indicating
high performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of venlafaxine hydrochloride
in bulk and formulations for routine analysis as well as for preformulation studies.
Methods:
Efficient chromatographic separation has been performed on a HpyercloneTM 5µm BDS C18
column using a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of phosphate buffer (25 mM, pH 3.0) and acetonitrile
(70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml min-1. Venlafaxine hydrochloride was analyzed using UV detector
at 225nm. Developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
Results:
The method has demonstrated linearity over the range of 100 to 2000 ng ml-1 with regression
equation, mean peak area (y) = 93.32 x concentration - 322.00 (R2 = 1). The method has demonstrated
good and consistent recovery (99.34 to 101.16%). Precision of the method reflected by the relative
standard deviation values at intra-day and inter-day levels was less than 1.79%. The detection and quantitation
limits were 6.55 ng ml-1 and 19.84 ng ml-1 respectively indicating sensitivity of the method. The
method was successfully applied for the estimation of venlafaxine hydrochloride in marketed and inhouse
formulations. Also, developed method was successfully used in drug-excipients compatibility
studies for VEN.
Conclusion:
The method was found to be accurate, precise, sensitive and selective for the determination
venlafaxine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish S. Reddi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Archana Khosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu V. Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra N. Saha
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
ElKady EF, Abo Elwafa AA, Farouk F. Optimized bio-analytical methods development and comparative pharmacokinetic studies of four antidepressants in Egyptian population based on gender difference. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:135-142. [PMID: 30388703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of many oral antidepressants (OADs) vary substantially among different genders and ethnicities. Likewise is their therapeutic effectiveness, time to response and the incidence of adverse drug events. The aim of this study is to compare the PK of four OADs (desvenlafaxine; DSV, venlafaxine; VLX, escitalopram; ESP, and agomelatine; AGT) among Egyptian males and females. In this study, LC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated for determining the four OADs in human plasma. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was performed on reversed-phase C18 columns followed by positive-ion electrospray ionization and MS/MS detection. The assays were applied for the assessment of PK parameters in human volunteers (n = 95). The developed methods were linear, accurate, and precise for the determination of DSV, VLX, ESP and AGT with extraction recovery of 90 ± 2.0, 98 ± 1.0, 90 ± 1.3 and 87 ± 4.3%, respectively. OADs levels were successfully measured in subjects' plasma and PK parameters were calculated. A prevalent inter-individual variation in PK of the studied OAD was observed. The PK profile of DSV, VLX or ESP did not vary significantly between male and female subjects (p = 0.07-0.98; confidence level (CL) = 95) while the PK of AGT exhibited a significant gender-based variation in both the Cmax and the AUC∞ (p = 0.047 and 0.0015; CL = 95). Our results highlight the significance of therapeutic drug monitoring of OADs. Further, it indicates the dose adjustment based on gender difference may not be relevant for DSV, VLX and ESP while it may be considered for AGT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab F ElKady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abo Elwafa
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Faten Farouk
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu G, Black M, Cookson C, Fiorella A, Li Y, Gorman SH, Bakhtiar R. Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of venlafaxine and its five metabolites in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1087-1088:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Fu H, McCord BR. Separation and identification of antidepressants by acrylate-based monolithic column capillary electrochromatography with UV detection. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2882-2890. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhuo Fu
- Department of Chemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
| | - Bruce R. McCord
- Department of Chemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miranda LFC, Domingues DS, Queiroz MEC. Selective solid-phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymers for analysis of venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and N-desmethylvenlafaxine in plasma samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1458:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
9
|
Simultaneous Determination of Methadone, Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine and Their Metabolites in Rat Plasma by UPLC–MS/MS for Drug Interaction Study. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Panahi HA, Alaei HS. β-Cyclodextrin/thermosensitive containing polymer brushes grafted onto magnetite nano-particles for extraction and determination of venlafaxine in biological and pharmaceutical samples. Int J Pharm 2014; 476:178-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
First MEPS/HPLC assay for the simultaneous determination of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:3025-38. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A new high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection assay based on microextraction by packed sorbent as sample preparation approach is described to quantify venlafaxine (VEN) and its main metabolite [O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV)]in human plasma. Methods & results: Chromatographic separation of the target analytes (VEN and ODV) and internal standard (licarbazepine) was achieved in less than 6 min on a reverse-phase C18 column using isocratic elution. Calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 10–1000 ng ml-1 for VEN and 20–1000 ng ml-1 for ODV. The method was successfully applied to real plasma samples. Conclusion: This microextraction by packed sorbent/high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection assay offers a cost-effective tool that can be applied for therapeutic drug monitoring and also support other pharmacokinetic-based studies in humans.
Collapse
|
12
|
Berm EJJ, Brummel-Mulder E, Paardekooper J, Hak E, Wilffert B, Maring JG. Determination of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in dried blood spots for TDM purposes, using LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2349-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Kang HK, Kang MA, Kim HJ, Park YS, Kim SH, Kang JS. Development of a LC-MS/MS for Quantification of Venlafaxine in Human Plasma and Application to Bioequivalence Study in healthy Korean Subjects. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2014. [DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2014.22.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ku Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Min-A Kang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Lab, College of Medicine; Division of Molecular Therapeutics Development, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sin Park
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Lab, College of Medicine; Division of Molecular Therapeutics Development, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Shin-Hee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Lab, College of Medicine; Division of Molecular Therapeutics Development, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Ju-Seop Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Lab, College of Medicine; Division of Molecular Therapeutics Development, Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reddy DC, Bapuji AT, Rao VS, Himabindu V, Ravinder S. HIGH THROUGHPUT AND SENSITIVE LC-MS/MS METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF VENLAFAXINE AND ITS ACTIVE METABOLITE O-DESMETHYL VENLAFAXINE IN HUMAN PLASMA AND ITS APPLICATION TO A PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.678455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Chandrapal Reddy
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , APL-Research Centre , Hyderabad , AP , India
- b Institute of Science and Technology, JNT University, Kukatpally , Hyderabad , AP , India
| | - A. T. Bapuji
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , APL-Research Centre , Hyderabad , AP , India
| | | | - V. Himabindu
- b Institute of Science and Technology, JNT University, Kukatpally , Hyderabad , AP , India
| | - S. Ravinder
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , APL-Research Centre , Hyderabad , AP , India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saka C, Şahin Ö. Determination of Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Material. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.645377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cafer Saka
- a School of Health, Sıırt University , Sıırt , Turkey
| | - Ömer Şahin
- b Faculty of Engineering and Architecture , Sıırt University , Sıırt , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dutta L, Ahmad SI, Mukherjee SK, Mishra S, Khuroo A, Monif T. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous stereoselective determination of venlafaxine and its major metabolite,O-desmethylvenlafaxine, in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:622-35. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Dutta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics; Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited; Plot no. GP-5, Sec. 18, HSIDC, Old Delhi-Gurgaon Road; Gurgaon-; 122015; Haryana; India
| | - Syed Imran Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics; Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited; Plot no. GP-5, Sec. 18, HSIDC, Old Delhi-Gurgaon Road; Gurgaon-; 122015; Haryana; India
| | - Subhra Kanti Mukherjee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics; Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited; Plot no. GP-5, Sec. 18, HSIDC, Old Delhi-Gurgaon Road; Gurgaon-; 122015; Haryana; India
| | - Sanjeev Mishra
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics; Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited; Plot no. GP-5, Sec. 18, HSIDC, Old Delhi-Gurgaon Road; Gurgaon-; 122015; Haryana; India
| | - Arshad Khuroo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics; Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited; Plot no. GP-5, Sec. 18, HSIDC, Old Delhi-Gurgaon Road; Gurgaon-; 122015; Haryana; India
| | - Tausif Monif
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics; Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited; Plot no. GP-5, Sec. 18, HSIDC, Old Delhi-Gurgaon Road; Gurgaon-; 122015; Haryana; India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Papoutsis I, Khraiwesh A, Nikolaou P, Pistos C, Spiliopoulou C, Athanaselis S. A fully validated method for the simultaneous determination of 11 antidepressant drugs in whole blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:557-62. [PMID: 22658904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are widely used for the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders and as a result they are involved in numerous clinical and forensic cases. The aim of this study was the development, optimization and validation of a simple, specific and sensitive GC/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 11 antidepressant drugs and 4 of their metabolites (amitriptyline, citalopram, clomipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, maprotiline, desmethyl-maprotiline, mirtazapine, desmethyl-mirtazapine, nortriptyline, paroxetine, sertraline, desmethyl-sertraline, venlafaxine and desmethyl-venlafaxine) in whole blood. The combination of solid-phase extraction with derivatization using heptafluorobutyric anhydride efficiently reduced matrix effect and improved sensitivity of the method. In this assay, protriptyline was used as internal standard. Absolute recovery values for all analytes were ranged from 79.2 to 102.6%. LODs and LOQs were found to be between 0.30-1.50 μg/L and 1.00-5.00 μg/L, respectively. The calibration curves were linear (R(2)≥0.990) within the range of 5.00-1000 μg/L for all analytes. Accuracy expressed as the % E(r) was found to be between -12.3 and 12.2%. Precision expressed as the % RSD was found to be less than 11.7% for all antidepressants. The developed method proved to be suitable for routine work and it was used to successfully analyze more than 2500 clinical and forensic blood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papoutsis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Therapeutic drug monitoring and LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 883-884:33-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Al Lawati HAJ, Varma GB, Suliman FEO. High-throughput method for the analysis of venlafaxine in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids, using a tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)-peroxydisulphate chemiluminescence system in a two-chip device. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:44-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gouri B. Varma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; Al-Khod; Oman
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Niessen WMA. Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive-ion liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:626-663. [PMID: 21294151 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The identification of drugs and related compounds by LC-MS-MS is an important analytical challenge in several application areas, including clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control analysis, and environmental analysis. Although target-compound based analytical strategies are most frequently applied, at some point the information content of the MS-MS spectra becomes relevant. In this article, the positive-ion MS-MS spectra of a wide variety of drugs and related substances are discussed. Starting point was an MS-MS mass spectral library of toxicologically relevant compounds, available on the internet. The positive-ion MS-MS spectra of ∼570 compounds were interpreted by chemical and therapeutic class, thus involving a wide variety of drug compound classes, such benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, phenothiazines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, local anesthetics, vasodilators, as well as various subclasses of anti-diabetic, antidepressant, analgesic, and antihistaminic drugs. In addition, the scientific literature was searched for available MS-MS data of these compound classes and the interpretation thereof. The results of this elaborate study are presented in this article. For each individual compound class, the emphasis is on class-specific fragmentation, as discussing fragmentation of all individual compounds would take far too much space. The recognition of class-specific fragmentation may be quite informative in determining the compound class of a specific unknown, which may further help in the identification. In addition, knowledge on (class-specific) fragmentation may further help in the optimization of the selectivity in targeted analytical approaches of compounds of one particular class.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bioequivalence of venlafaxine modified-release capsule revisited with an innovative approach using experimental and predictive models. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:31-43. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the venlafaxine:O-desmethyl venlafaxine (active metabolite) in vivo formation ratio (MR) in three independent bioequivalence (BE) studies consisting of single-dosed (under fasted and fed conditions) and multiple-dosed clinical trials on healthy subjects. The pooled data pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis demonstrates a model to conduct enantiomer/racemate/active metabolite bioanalysis for regulatory submission of bioavailability/bioequivalence (BA/BE) studies using an interesting MR concept. Results: BE was established for all three studies. Moreover, the venlafaxine:O-desmethyl venlafaxine MR for Cmax and AUClast differed by more than 50% for fasted and fed single-dosed studies, while pooled data analysis found the MR for Cmax to be approximately 0.63 and the AUC to be approximately 0.36 for both test and reference drugs. However, negligible variation was observed for both rate and extent of drug and active metabolite absorption into the systemic circulation at steady state, as the MR for both Cmax and AUC was approximately 0.62. Conclusions: The applications/consequences of the above results are immense. First, an achiral assay for venlafaxine and O-desmethyl venlafaxine estimation in human plasma has been justified for the regulatory acceptance of BA/BE studies, supported with both single- and multiple-dosed PK data showing negligible variation in terms of MR at Cmax. Second, the current investigation shows the MR to be within ±10% when compared with the single-dosed reported study on a western population. Third, the racial effect would not lead to any significant clinical outcome using an interchangeable venlafaxine 150-mg capsule manufactured by Ranbaxy with an Efexor 150-mg capsule manufactured by Wyeth. Furthermore, a decision tree is proposed to evaluate if a racemate or an enantiomer drug and active metabolite bioanalysis should be executed for BA/BE regulatory submission using respective achiral or chiral assays when the drug moiety is a racemate or an enantiomer, formulated in modified-release dosage forms.
Collapse
|
22
|
Plenis A, Bączek T. Modern chromatographic and electrophoretic measurements of antidepressants and their metabolites in biofluids. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:164-98. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Qin F, Li N, Qin T, Zhang Y, Li F. Simultaneous quantification of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:689-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
24
|
Neonatal Hair Analysis by Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Reveal Gestational Exposure to Venlafaxine. Ther Drug Monit 2010; 32:30-9. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181c01e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
25
|
Rajasekhar D, Kumar IJ, Venkateswarlu P. Rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous measurement of venlafaxine andO-desmethylvenlafaxine in human plasma and its application in comparative bioavailability study. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:1300-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
26
|
SHAH GR, THAKER BT, SURATI KR, PARABIA MH. Simultaneous Determination of Venlafaxine and Its Main Active Metabolite O-Desmethyl Venlafaxine in Rat Plasma by LC-MS/MS. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1207-10. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang R. SHAH
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University
| | | | | | - Minu H. PARABIA
- Department of BioSciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University
| |
Collapse
|