1
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Pandey A, Price A, Ayala-Lopez N, Garza KY, Marzinke MA, Knezevic CE. Multiplexed quantification of venlafaxine and metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116082. [PMID: 38461636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venlafaxine (VEN) and its O-demethylated metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), are commonly prescribed serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, approved for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Both are metabolized to inactive metabolites via cytochrome P450 enzymes. While previous studies have focused on quantifying VEN and ODV, bioanalytical methods for the simultaneous measurement of all metabolites are needed to fully characterize the pharmacology of VEN and ODV. METHODS K2EDTA plasma was spiked with VEN, ODV, N-desmethylvenlafaxine (NDV), N,O-didesmethylvenlafaxine (NODDV), and N,N-didesmethylvenlafaxine (NNDDV). Drugs and metabolites were extracted via protein precipitation and quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The multiplexed assay was validated in accordance with regulatory recommendations, and evaluated in remnant plasma samples from persons prescribed venlafaxine. RESULTS The analytical measuring range for venlafaxine and all four metabolites was 5-800 ng/mL. Standard curves were generated via weighted quadratic (NNDDV) or linear (VEN, ODV, NDV, NODDV) regression of calibrators. Inter-assay imprecision was between 1.9-9.3% for all levels of all analytes. Minor matrix effects were observed, and both recovery efficiency and process efficiency were >96% for all analytes. All other assay validation assessments met acceptance criteria. Drug concentrations measured from remnant plasma specimens obtained from patients with current venlafaxine prescriptions (37.5-450 mg/day) yielded NDDV, NDV, and NODDV metabolite concentrations in 6/21, 14/21, and 20/21 samples, respectively. The ratio of active to inactive analytes ranged from 0.74 to 14.5, with a median of 6.39. CONCLUSIONS An efficient and accurate LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of VEN, ODV, and all three inactive metabolites in plasma. The assay met all acceptance criteria, and may be used in future studies of the pharmacokinetics of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Pandey
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Ave, Mason F. Lord Tower, Suite 6000, Room 607, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amelia Price
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Ave, Mason F. Lord Tower, Suite 6000, Room 607, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nadia Ayala-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans St., Sheikh Zayed Tower, B1020-G, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kyana Y Garza
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans St., Sheikh Zayed Tower, B1020-G, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mark A Marzinke
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Ave, Mason F. Lord Tower, Suite 6000, Room 607, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans St., Sheikh Zayed Tower, B1020-G, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Claire E Knezevic
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans St., Sheikh Zayed Tower, B1020-G, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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2
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Dziurkowska E, Wesolowski M. Isolation of Antidepressants and Their Metabolites from Saliva Using Supported Liquid Extraction (SLE). Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030708. [PMID: 36979687 PMCID: PMC10045804 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of antidepressant drugs and their metabolites in the body, mainly in the blood, allows for the monitoring of drug levels and their metabolism, helps identify drug interactions, and reduces the likelihood of increased side effects. Due to numerous inconveniences associated with collecting blood in patients, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) based on saliva sampling could significantly improve patient comfort. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a method for the simultaneous determination of selected antidepressants (amitriptyline, mianserin, duloxetine, mirtazapine, sertraline, citalopram, and venlafaxine) and their metabolites (N-desmethylmirtazapine, norsertraline, N-desmethylcitalopram, O-desmethylvenlafaxine) in human saliva using supported liquid extraction (SLE). Chlordiazepoxide was used as an internal standard. UHPLC coupled with DAD detection was used for the determinations. The proposed method was validated by determining its linearity for saliva concentrations in the range 10–1000 ng/mL. For all the analyzed compounds, a linear relationship between the analytical signal and analyte concentration was obtained (R2 > 0.99), with the intra- and inter-day precisions expressed as a coefficient of variation (% CV) below 15% in all tested cases. The study showed the usefulness of the proposed method for the isolation of antidepressant drugs and their metabolites in saliva patients’ samples.
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3
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Bajaber MA, Kamel AH. All-Solid State Potentiometric Sensors for Desvenlafaxine Detection Using Biomimetic Imprinted Polymers as Recognition Receptors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224814. [PMID: 36432940 PMCID: PMC9693087 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as an ion-to-electron transducer, a novel disposable all-solid-state desvenlafaxine-selective electrode based on a screen-printed carbon paste electrode was created. SWCNTs were put onto the carbon-paste electrode area, which was protected by a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane with a desvenlafaxine-imprinted polymer serving as a recognition receptor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometric techniques were used to examine the electrochemical characteristics of the SWCNTs/PVC coating on the carbon screen-printed electrode. The electrode displayed a 57.2 ± 0.8 mV/decade near-Nernstian slope with a 2.0 × 10-6 M detection limit. In 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6, the ODV-selective electrodes displayed a quick reaction (5 s) and outstanding stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. The usefulness of electrodes was demonstrated in samples of ODV-containing pharmaceutical products and human urine. These electrodes have the potential to be mass produced and employed as disposable sensors for on-site testing, since they are quick, practical, and inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed A. Bajaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman H. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Abbasia, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
- Correspondence:
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4
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Eloisa Chávez-Castillo C, Sagahón-Azúa J, Itzel Velasco-Gloria K, Edith Medellín-Garibay S, Del Carmen Milán-Segovia R, Romano-Moreno S. Simultaneous determination of four serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors by an UPLC MS-MS method with clinical application in therapeutic drug monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1193:123183. [PMID: 35193100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification in plasma of four selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants: sertraline, escitalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and its metabolite norfluoxetine. A simple protein precipitation was performed with acetonitrile containing 100 ng/mL of indomethacin, which was used as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Acquity BEH C18 column with isocratic elution of the mobile phase consisting of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate with 0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) at a 60:40 proportion, respectively. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min with a run time of 5 min. A positive electrospray ionization source was used for detection. The method was linear in a range of 5-800 ng/mL, with determination coefficients greater than 0.991. The accuracy ranged from 91% to 112% for intra-assay and from 89% to 112% for inter-assay. The variation coefficients ranged from 3.1% to 14.88% for intra-assay and from 3.60% to 14.74% for inter-assay precision. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of 73 samples from patients under treatment with these antidepressants; 36.9% of the samples had concentrations outside therapeutic ranges. This method can be applied for routine analysis in clinical practice, simplifying sample processing, reducing analysis time and consequently the costs associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Sagahón-Azúa
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, S.L.P, Mexico
| | - Karla Itzel Velasco-Gloria
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, S.L.P, Mexico
| | | | | | - Silvia Romano-Moreno
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, S.L.P, Mexico.
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5
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Soares S, Rosado T, Barroso M, Gallardo E. New Method for the Monitoring of Antidepressants in Oral Fluid Using Dried Spot Sampling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121284. [PMID: 34959684 PMCID: PMC8709135 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the consumption of antidepressants is a public health problem worldwide, as these are a class of compounds widely used in the treatment of several illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. This work aimed to develop and optimize a method for the quantification of a number of antidepressants and their metabolites (fluoxetine, venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, citalopram, sertraline, and paroxetine) in 100 µL of oral fluid using the dried saliva spots (DSS) sampling approach and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The method was validated, presenting linearity within the studied range, with detection and quantification limits ranging between 10 and 100 ng/mL, and coefficients of determination (R2) of at least 0.99 for all analytes. Recoveries were between approximately 13 and 46%. The analysis of precision and accuracy presented acceptable coefficients of variation and relative errors, considering the criteria usually accepted in the validation of bioanalytical procedures. The method herein described is the first to be reported using DSS for the extraction of antidepressants, proving to be a sensitive, simple, and fast alternative to conventional techniques, and capable of being routinely applied in clinical and forensic toxicology scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Soares
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses—Delegação do Sul, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, Ubimedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-127-532-9002
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6
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Vejar-Vivar C, García-Valverde MT, Mardones C, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Polydopamine coated hypodermic needles as a microextraction device for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants in oral fluid by direct infusion MS/MS. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22683-22690. [PMID: 35480419 PMCID: PMC9034363 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In-needle microextraction consists of the confinement of the sorbent, by coating or packing, inside a metallic needle. The size of the needles reduces the eluent requirements providing an efficient preconcentration of the analytes. In this work, hypodermic needles coated with polydopamine (PDA) are presented as microextraction devices to isolate six tricyclic antidepressants from oral fluid samples. The coating consists of the in-surface polymerization of dopamine at pH 8.5 and mild conditions (room temperature and water as solvent). The PDA coating over the stainless-steel surface confers the needles with a high extraction ability towards the target analytes. After the extraction, the eluates were analyzed by direct infusion MS spectrometry, working in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, which provided a sample throughput of 30 samples per hour. The variables affecting the synthesis (number of coating cycles, the concentration of dopamine, and needle surface pre-treatment) and the extraction (sample salinity, sample loading cycles, and the number of elution strokes) were studied in depth. Under the optimum conditions, a matrix-matched calibration model was built. The limits of quantification are between 2 and 5 ng mL−1 with linear ranges up to 1000 ng mL−1 for all analytes. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), is better than 10% for all analytes. Accuracy was calculated as recovery, and the obtained values are between 84% and 107%. A single-blind assay was also performed to evaluate the suitability of the method for real application. Hypodermic needles coated with polydopamine for the extraction of antidepressants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Vejar-Vivar
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie E-14071 Córdoba Spain .,Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción Casilla 237, Correo 3 Concepción Chile
| | - María Teresa García-Valverde
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie E-14071 Córdoba Spain
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción Casilla 237, Correo 3 Concepción Chile
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie E-14071 Córdoba Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie E-14071 Córdoba Spain
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7
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Dalgıç Bozyiğit G, Fırat Ayyıldız M, Selali Chormey D, Onkal Engin G, Bakırdere S. Accurate Quantification of Nervous System Drugs in Aqueous Samples at Trace Levels by Binary Solvent Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1570-1575. [PMID: 33651385 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products are widely consumed globally and are commonly found in wastewaters as a result of constant excretion and disposal into sewers. The present study proposes an efficient binary solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (BS-DLLME) method that was developed for preconcentration of 7 nervous system drug active compounds from aqueous media for their determination at trace levels by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The drug analytes included 3 antidepressants, 2 antipsychotics, 1 antiepileptic, and 1 antidementia. Optimum conditions of the BS-DLLME method were acquired by univariate optimization of parameters including type of binary solvents, ratio of binary solvents, type of disperser solvent, volume of binary solvents, and volume of disperser solvent. Detection and quantification limits were calculated in the range of 0.28 to 6.5 µg/L. Municipal wastewater, medical wastewater, synthetic domestic wastewater, and lake water were utilized as real samples in spike recovery experiments; and the results (94-106%) indicated the method's applicability and accuracy at quantifying the analytes in complex matrices. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1570-1575. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Dalgıç Bozyiğit
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Fırat Ayyıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dotse Selali Chormey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Güleda Onkal Engin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Kim NS, Choi HS, Lim NY, Lee JH, Kim H, Baek SY. Application of Simultaneously Validated UHPLC-PDA and LC–ESI–MS/MS Methods for Determining 22 Antidepressants and Anxiolytics in Food Matrix Samples. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-04000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Electric field-assisted multiphase extraction to increase selectivity and sensitivity in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and paper spray mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 224:121887. [PMID: 33379096 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, chromatographic paper was used for a multiphase extraction assisted by an electric field (MPEF) and directly coupled to paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). Using this approach, five tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were determined in oral fluid. Firstly, the MPEF conditions were optimized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The effects of the chromatographic paper and the types of electrolyte used in the acceptor phase, the organic solvent type and the amount used in the donor phase, the extraction time, and the applied electric potential were all investigated. After optimization, the analytes were extracted from the donor solution (sample and acetonitrile 1:1 (v/v)) over a period of 10 min at 300 V, crossing the free liquid membrane (1-octanol) and reaching the acceptor phase (chromatographic paper wetted with 400 mmol L-1 acetic acid). The method using LC-MS/MS was validated, demonstrating a linear range from 2 to 12 ng mL-1, with detection and quantification limits of 0.13-0.25 and 0.44-0.84 ng mL-1, respectively, an intraday precision of less than 20%, and no matrix effect observed. The optimized MPEF conditions were then applied to determine TCAs by PS-MS and for this analysis cyclobenzaprine was used as an internal standard. The easy, fast and direct approach of coupling MPEF with PS-MS analysis, as well as the pre-concentration and the low standard deviation of replicates (less than 20%), demonstrates that this method can be useful for screening in clinical and toxicological analysis.
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10
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Zheng M, Zhang C, Wang L, Wang K, Kang W, Lian K, Li H. Determination of nine mental drugs in human plasma using solid-phase supported liquid-liquid extraction and HPLC-MS/MS. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Arantes ACF, da Cunha KF, Cardoso MS, Oliveira KD, Costa JL. Development and validation of quantitative analytical method for 50 drugs of antidepressants, benzodiazepines and opioids in oral fluid samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-020-00561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
We developed and validated a method for quantitative analysis of 50 psychoactive substances and metabolites (antidepressants, benzodiazepines and opioids) in oral fluid samples using simple liquid–liquid extraction procedure followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).
Method
Oral fluid samples were collected using Quantisal™ device and extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with 1.0 mL of methyl tert-butyl ether and then analyzed using LC–MS/MS.
Results
The method attended method validation criteria, with limits of quantification as low as 0.5 and 1.0 ng/mL, and linearity between 0.5–50.0 ng/mL for antidepressants, 0.5–25.0 ng/mL for benzodiazepines and 1.0–50.0 ng/mL to opioids. During method validation, bias and imprecision values were not greater than 16 and 20%, respectively. Ionization suppression/enhancement bias results were not greater than 25%. No evidence of carryover was observed. Sample stability studies showed that almost all analytes were stable at 25 °C for 3 days and at 4 °C for 7 days. Freeze–thaw cycles stability showed that most antidepressants and opioids were stable under these conditions. Autosampler stability study showed that all analytes were stable for 24 h, except for nitrazepam and 7-aminoclonazepam. Thirty-eight authentic oral fluid samples were analyzed; 36.8% of the samples were positive for 2 drugs. Citalopram was the most common drug found, followed by venlafaxine.
Conclusions
The method was validated according to international recommendations for the 50 analytes, showing low limits of quantification, good imprecision and bias values, using simple liquid–liquid extraction, and was successfully applied to authentic oral fluid samples analysis.
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12
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Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S, Alexovič M, Tabani H. Two-phase agarose gel-electromembrane extraction: Effect of organic solvent as an acceptor phase in electroendosmosis flow phenomenon. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113862. [PMID: 33388641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new mode of gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) namely as "Two-phase G-EME", is suggested for the sensitive quantification of five basic drugs (desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, citalopram and clozapine) in biological samples. Compared to classical G-EME which is based on aqueous-gel-aqueous layout, herein, the aqueous acceptor phase (AP) was replaced with organic solvent. Briefly, negative electrode was immersed into the organic AP (with low conductivity) and positive electrode into the aqueous donor phase (DP). Based on our results, this simple adjustment significantly reduced electroendosmosis (EEO) flow phenomenon which is considered as the main issue in G-EME. In the workflow, target analytes were extracted from the 7.0 mL sample, across the fabricated agarose gel membrane, to the 100 μL of the AP under the optimized extraction conditions (organic solvent type: acetonitrile; pH of gel membrane: 5.0, pH of sample solution: 4.0, voltage: 45 V and extraction time: 22 min). Then, the organic AP with analytes was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) instrument with flame-ionization detector (FID). The methodology offered limits of detection (LODs) and recoveries in the range of 1.0-1.5 ng mL-1 and 48.5-89.0 %, respectively. Finally, we note that two-phase G-EME assembly was able to extract analytes-of-interest in the convenient and safe manner from the hazardous and difficult-to-process biological specimens such as human serum and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, SK-04011, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Gniazdowska E, Korytowska N, Kłudka G, Giebułtowicz J. Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E458. [PMID: 33322843 PMCID: PMC7764124 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cloud-point extraction (CPE) is rarely combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in drug determination due to the matrix effect (ME). However, we have recently shown that ME is not a limiting factor in CPE. Low extraction efficiency may be improved by salt addition, but none of the salts used in CPE are suitable for LC-MS. It is the first time that the influences of a volatile salt-ammonium acetate (AA)-on the CPE extraction efficiency and ME have been studied. Our modification of CPE included also the use of ethanol instead of acetonitrile to reduce the sample viscosity and make the method more environmentally friendly. We developed and validated CPE-LC-MS for the simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in plasma that can be useful for clinical and forensic toxicology. The selected parameters included Triton X-114 concentration (1.5 and 6%, w/v), concentration of AA (0, 10, 20 and 30%, w/v), and pH (3.5, 6.8 and 10.2). The addition of 10% of AA increased recovery twice. For 20 and 30% (w/v) of AA, three phases were formed that prolonged the extraction process. The developed CPE method (6% Triton X-114, 10% AA, pH 10.2) was successfully validated through LC-MS/MS simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in human plasma. The linearity was in the range of 10-750 ng/mL (r2 > 0.990).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gniazdowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Żwirki i Wigury, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Korytowska
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Grzegorz Kłudka
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.K.); (G.K.)
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Elkady EF, Fouad MA, Alshoba N, Tarek Mahmoud S. Validated LC–MS/MS method for the determination of some prescribed CNS drugs: Application to an in vivo pharmacokinetic study of drug-herb metabolic interaction potential of khat. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Shin SS, Borg D, Stripp R. Developing and Validating a Fast and Accurate Method to Quantify 18 Antidepressants in Oral Fluid Samples Using SPE and LC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:610-617. [PMID: 32115632 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are one of the most widely used medicines for treating major depressive disorders for long time periods. Oral fluid (OF) testing offers an easy and non-invasive sample collection. Detection of antidepressants in OF is important in clinical and forensic settings, such as therapeutic drug monitoring and roadside testing for driving under influence. We developed and validated a comprehensive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for 18 antidepressants (amitriptyline, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, cyclobenzaprine, desipramine, desvenlafaxine, doxepin, duloxetine, fluoxetine, imipramine, mirtazapine, nortriptyline, paroxetine, sertraline, trazodone, trimipramine, venlafaxine) in oral fluid collected by Quantisal® oral collection devices. One-half milliliter of Quantisal® OF (125 μL of neat OF) was submitted to solid-phase extraction. The chromatographic separation was performed employing a biphenyl column in gradient mode with a total run time of 5 min. The MS detection was achieved by multiple-reaction monitoring with two transitions per compound. The range for linearity of all analytes was from 10 to 1,000 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 10 ng/mL. Intra and inter-day accuracy and precision (n = 15) were all within acceptable limits, ±20% error and ±15% relative standard deviation. Analyte recovery at 400 ng/mL concentration (n = 15) ranged from 91 to 129%. Matrix effect ranged from 73.7 to 157%. The internal proficiency test detected all antidepressants with accuracy ranging from 83.1 to 112.1%. The authentic patient sample showed a percentage difference compared to the previously calculated concentration of 86.3-111%. This method provides for the rapid detection of 18 antidepressants and metabolites in OF, which is readily applicable to a routine laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Sarah Shin
- Toxicology Department, Houston Forensic Science Center, 500 Jefferson St 13th Floor, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Damon Borg
- Research and Development Laboratory, Cordant Health Solutions, 789 Park Ave, Huntington, NY 11743, USA
| | - Richard Stripp
- Research and Development Laboratory, Cordant Health Solutions, 789 Park Ave, Huntington, NY 11743, USA
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16
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Magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for four antidepressants and one metabolite in clinical plasma and urine samples. Bioanalysis 2019; 12:35-52. [PMID: 31849264 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Routine therapeutic drug monitoring is highly recommended since common antidepressant combinations increase the risk of drug-drug interactions or overlapping toxicity. Materials & methods: A magnetic solid-phase extraction by using C18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles (C18-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs) as sorbent was proposed for rapid extraction of venlafaxine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine and sertraline from clinical plasma and urine samples followed by ultra-HPLC-MS/MS assay. Results: The synthesized C18-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs showed high magnetization and efficient extraction for the analytes. After cleanup by magnetic solid-phase extraction, no matrix effects were found in plasma and urine matrices. The analytes showed LODs among 0.15-0.75 ng ml-1, appropriate linearity (R ≥ 0.9990) from 2.5 to 1000 ng ml-1, acceptable accuracies 89.1-110.9% with precisions ≤11.0%. The protocol was successfully applied for the analysis of patients' plasma and urine samples. Conclusion: It shows high potential in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of clinical biological samples.
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17
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Mifsud Buhagiar L, Sammut C, Chircop Y, Axisa K, Sammut Bartolo N, Vella Szijj J, Serracino Inglott A, LaFerla G. Practical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and their hydroxy metabolites in human serum. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4679. [PMID: 31415098 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amitriptyline (AMI) has been in use for decades in treating depression and more recently for the management of neuropathic pain. A highly sensitive and specific LC-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of AMI, its active metabolite nortriptyline (NOR) and their hydroxy-metabolites in human serum, using deuterated AMI and NOR as internal standards. The isobaric E-10-hydroxyamitriptyline (E-OH AMI), Z-10-hydroxyamitriptyline (Z-OH AMI), E-10-hydroxynortriptyline (E-OH NOR) and Z-10-hydroxynortriptyline (Z-OH NOR), together with their parent compounds, were separated on an ACE C18 column using a simple protein precipitation method, followed by dilution and analysis using positive electrospray ionisation with multiple reaction monitoring. The total run time was 6 min with elution of E-OH AMI, E-OH NOR, Z-OH AMI, Z-OH NOR, AMI (+ deuterated AMI) and NOR (+ deuterated NOR) at 1.21, 1.28, 1.66, 1.71, 2.50 and 2.59 min, respectively. The method was validated in human serum with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL for all analytes. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 0.5-400 ng/mL (r2 > .999). The practical assay was applied on samples from patients on AMI, genotyped for CYP2C19 and CYP2D6, to understand the influence of metaboliser status and concomitant medication on therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Mifsud Buhagiar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Malta Medicines Authority, Life Sciences Park, San Ġwann, Malta
| | - Carmel Sammut
- Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Yana Chircop
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Kersty Axisa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Janis Vella Szijj
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Anthony Serracino Inglott
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Malta Medicines Authority, Life Sciences Park, San Ġwann, Malta
| | - Godfrey LaFerla
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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18
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Lioupi A, Kabir A, Furton KG, Samanidou V. Fabric phase sorptive extraction for the isolation of five common antidepressants from human urine prior to HPLC-DAD analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:171-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Lu DY, Zhu PP, Wu HY, Xu B, Lu TR. RETRACTED: Human Suicide, Modern Diagnosis Assistance and Magic Bullet Discovery. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:15-23. [PMID: 30644350 DOI: 10.2174/1871524919666190115130655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The article entitled “Human Suicide, Modern Diagnosis Assistance and Magic Bullet Discovery”, by Da-Yong Lu, Peng- Peng Zhu, Hong-Ying Wu, Nagendra Sastry Yarla, Bin Xu, Jian Ding, Ajit Varki and Ting-Ren Lu, has been retracted on the request of the co-authors, Dr. Ajit Varki, Dr. Nagendra Sastry Yarla and Dr. Jian Ding available at: Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2019; 19(1): 15-23. http://www.eurekaselect.com/169003/article. The Corresponding Author Dr. Da-Yong Lu has included the names of the co-authors, Dr. Ajit Varki, Dr. Nagendra Sastry Yarla and Dr. Jian Ding without their consent and the manuscript has been published in the journal, Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (CNSAMC). Kindly see Bentham Science Policy on Article retraction at the link given below: (https://benthamscience.com/journals/central-nervous-system-agents-in-medicinal-chemistry/author-guidelines/) Submission of a manuscript to the respective journals implies that all authors have read and agreed to the content of the Copyright Letter or the Terms and Conditions. As such, this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. Bentham Science Publishers takes a very strong view on this matter and apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | | | - Hong-Ying Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Shi, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ren Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
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20
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Dziurkowska E, Wesolowski M. Simultaneous Quantification of Citalopram and its Main Metabolite,
Desmethylcitalopram, in Human Saliva by UHPLC. CURR ANAL CHEM 2018; 14:554-561. [PMID: 30581377 PMCID: PMC6249691 DOI: 10.2174/1573411013666171113144352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study was designed to develop a reliable method for simultaneous quantita-tion of Citalopram (CIT) and its main active metabolite, Desmethylcitalopram (DCIT), in saliva of patients undergoing treatment with CIT. Methods: To compare two procedures of saliva purification, Solid-Phase (SPE) and Liquid-Liquid (LLE) extractions, saliva samples obtained from healthy volunteers were spiked with adequate quantities of CIT and DCIT. Different cartridges were used for SPE, while dichloromethane for LLE. Chromatographic separation and quantitation were carried out by UHPLC with DAD detector using a C-18 column and a mixture of acetonitrile and redistilled water (37:63, v:v) with the addition of formic acid (pH 3.5) as a mobile phase. Results: A comparison of both purification procedures showed that the most satisfactory results were obtained by SPE using Discovery C18 cartridge and redistilled water with formic acid (pH 3.5) as a washing solvent. Dichloromethane proved to be the best extractant in LLE. Both procedures enabled the separation of analytes from human saliva with high precision and recovery. Conclusions: Validation of the developed UHPLC procedure revealed that, regardless of how the sample was purified, the method was characterized by good linearity (between 10 and 1000 ng/mL), sensitivity, reproducibility, specificity and low values of limits of detection and quantitation. The limits of quantitation were 4.0 and 8.0 ng/mL for SPE and LLE, respectively. The efficiency of the method in therapeutic drug monitoring of CIT and DCIT in saliva of patients was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Dziurkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416Gdansk, Poland
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21
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ElKady EF, Abo Elwafa AA, Farouk F. Optimized bio-analytical methods development and comparative pharmacokinetic studies of four antidepressants in Egyptian population based on gender difference. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:135-142. [PMID: 30388703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of many oral antidepressants (OADs) vary substantially among different genders and ethnicities. Likewise is their therapeutic effectiveness, time to response and the incidence of adverse drug events. The aim of this study is to compare the PK of four OADs (desvenlafaxine; DSV, venlafaxine; VLX, escitalopram; ESP, and agomelatine; AGT) among Egyptian males and females. In this study, LC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated for determining the four OADs in human plasma. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was performed on reversed-phase C18 columns followed by positive-ion electrospray ionization and MS/MS detection. The assays were applied for the assessment of PK parameters in human volunteers (n = 95). The developed methods were linear, accurate, and precise for the determination of DSV, VLX, ESP and AGT with extraction recovery of 90 ± 2.0, 98 ± 1.0, 90 ± 1.3 and 87 ± 4.3%, respectively. OADs levels were successfully measured in subjects' plasma and PK parameters were calculated. A prevalent inter-individual variation in PK of the studied OAD was observed. The PK profile of DSV, VLX or ESP did not vary significantly between male and female subjects (p = 0.07-0.98; confidence level (CL) = 95) while the PK of AGT exhibited a significant gender-based variation in both the Cmax and the AUC∞ (p = 0.047 and 0.0015; CL = 95). Our results highlight the significance of therapeutic drug monitoring of OADs. Further, it indicates the dose adjustment based on gender difference may not be relevant for DSV, VLX and ESP while it may be considered for AGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab F ElKady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abo Elwafa
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Faten Farouk
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt.
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22
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Potential of Oral Fluid as a Clinical Specimen for Compliance Monitoring of Psychopharmacotherapy. Ther Drug Monit 2018. [PMID: 29529010 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral fluid (OF) is being developed as a specimen for the determination of drug intake as an alternative to serum and plasma. It is generally considered as an attractive specimen due to the noninvasive nature of the sampling procedure and the relation to the free fraction of drug in the blood. These features are of particular value in drug treatment of psychiatric disorders. To establish OF for the purpose of monitoring drug therapy, the relationship between concentrations in OF and serum/plasma must be documented. This study explored one promising sampling device and comprised the following 10 drugs: aripiprazole, citalopram, duloxetine, escitalopram, mirtazapine, pipamperone, pregabalin, promethazine, quetiapine, and venlafaxine. METHODS For this purpose, 100 paired serum and OF samples were collected from patients undergoing pharmacotherapy and analyzed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. A commercial method from Chromsystems for the determination of these drugs in plasma was used and was adapted for OF and ultrafiltrated (Centrifree device) serum. RESULTS The ratio of each individual pair of samples was used to calculate a mean and SD value between OF and serum free and total concentrations. The OF concentration ratios to serum total fraction differed markedly between substances and differed from 10-fold lower to 8-fold higher. The ratios to serum free fractions were always higher. The relation between the OF and serum concentrations was also evaluated by regression analysis and determination of slopes and correlation coefficients. For all measured relations, there was a statistically significant relation between the OF and serum concentrations. The degree of drug protein binding was in agreement with literature. The aripiprazole, duloxetine, pipamperone, pregabalin, and promethazine concentrations in ultrafiltrated serum were not possible to measure because of low concentrations and nonspecific binding. CONCLUSIONS Despite a strong statistical correlation between OF and serum concentrations observed for most of the studied substances, it is still evident that OF concentrations cannot simply substitute serum/plasma as therapeutic drug monitoring specimen, but rather be considered as a unique specimen. We believe that OF is a promising matrix especially for compliance testing in psychiatry settings. The Greiner Bio-One device used in this study provides a sampling procedure that offers advantages over the available alternatives.
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23
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Dziurkowska E, Wesolowski M. Evaluation of solid-phase extraction procedures for the quantitation of venlafaxine in human saliva by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2151-2160. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Dziurkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
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24
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Pouliopoulos A, Tsakelidou E, Krokos A, Gika HG, Theodoridis G, Raikos N. Quantification of 15 Psychotropic Drugs in Serum and Postmortem Blood Samples after a Modified Mini-QuEChERS by UHPLC–MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2018; 42:337-345. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Pouliopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Tsakelidou
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Krokos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H G Gika
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Theodoridis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Raikos
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Koçoğlu ES, Bakırdere S, Keyf S. A Novel Liquid-Liquid Extraction for the Determination of Sertraline in Tap Water and Waste Water at Trace Levels by GC-MS. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:354-359. [PMID: 28555336 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple, green and fast analytical method was developed for the determination of sertraline in tap and waste water samples at trace levels by using supportive liquid-liquid extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Different parameters affecting extraction efficiency such as types and volumes of extraction and supporter solvents, extraction period, salt type and amount were optimized to get lower detection limits. Ethyl acetate was selected as optimum extraction solvent. In order to improve the precision, anthracene-D10 was used as an internal standard. The calibration plot of sertraline was linear from 1.0 to 1000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of detection value under the optimum conditions was found to be 0.43 ng/mL. In real sample measurements, spiking experiments were performed to check the reliability of the method for these matrices. The spiking experiments yielded satisfactory recoveries of 91.19 ± 2.48%, 90.48 ± 5.19% and 95.46 ± 6.56% for 100, 250 and 500 ng/mL sertraline for tap water, and 85.80 ± 2.15% and 92.43 ± 4.02% for 250 and 500 ng/mL sertraline for waste water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Seda Koçoğlu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seyfullah Keyf
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chen X, Zheng S, Le J, Qian Z, Zhang R, Hong Z, Chai Y. Ultrasound-assisted low-density solvent dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the simultaneous determination of 12 new antidepressants and 2 antipsychotics in whole blood by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Rosado T, Gonçalves A, Martinho A, Alves G, Duarte AP, Domingues F, Silvestre S, Granadeiro LB, Oliveira V, Leitão C, Gallardo E. Simultaneous Quantification of Antidepressants and Metabolites in Urine and Plasma Samples by GC–MS for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Ali EA, Adawy AM, El-Shahat MF, Amin AS. Simple spectrophotometric methods for determination of fluoxetine and clomipramine hydrochlorides in dosage forms and in some post-mortem biological fluids samples. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejfs.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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29
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Determination of Antidepressants in Hair via UHPLC-MS/MS as a Complementary Informative Tool for Clinical and Forensic Toxicological Assessments. Ther Drug Monit 2016; 38:751-760. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Antidepressants detection and quantification in whole blood samples by GC–MS/MS, for forensic purposes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:496-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Shipkova M, Svinarov D. LC–MS/MS as a tool for TDM services: Where are we? Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1009-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Simultaneous Determination of Methadone, Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine and Their Metabolites in Rat Plasma by UPLC–MS/MS for Drug Interaction Study. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Mazzarino M, Cesarei L, de la Torre X, Fiacco I, Robach P, Botrè F. A multi-targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry screening procedure for the detection in human urine of drugs non-prohibited in sport commonly used by the athletes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 117:47-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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34
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Zhao J, Shin Y, Chun KH, Yoon HR, Lee J. A Simple, Rapid and Reliable Method to Determine Imipramine and Desipramine in Mouse Serum Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:561-8. [PMID: 26688563 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometric (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was developed for quantification of imipramine, one of the most widely used tricyclic antidepressants, and desipramine, an active metabolite of imipramine, in mouse serum. The developed method included a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile in 50 μL of serum and analyte separation on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using a gradient elution of acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid and 20 mM ammonium formate. As a result, the entire analysis time was <20 min including the sample preparation and the LC-MS analysis. The limit of quantification was 5.0 ng mL(-1) for both imipramine and desipramine, and calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 5.0-1,000.0 and 5.0-250.0 ng mL(-1) for imipramine and desipramine, respectively. Intraday precisions at three levels were 2.2-3.6 and 1.7-4.2% for imipramine and desipramine, respectively, whereas interday precisions were 2.6-5.0 and 2.0-8.4% for imipramine and desipramine, respectively. Accuracy ranged between 93.6 and 106.6% for imipramine and 94.1 and 106.4% for desipramine. Absolute recovery was 96.0-97.6% for imipramine and 87.0-99.5% for desipramine. Finally, the described method was applied to mice administered with imipramine, demonstrating the suitability for quantification of imipramine and desipramine for therapeutic drug monitoring or bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Asgharinezhad AA, Karami S, Ebrahimzadeh H, Shekari N, Jalilian N. Polypyrrole/magnetic nanoparticles composite as an efficient sorbent for dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of antidepressant drugs from biological fluids. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Current advances in biosampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of psychiatric CNS drugs. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1925-42. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many CNS drugs are effective for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Psychotropic drugs work differently, thus clinical outcomes for many patients may be insufficient. For this reason it could be useful the measurement of drug levels for clinical decision-making. Analytical goals in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) should be established by selecting the appropriate biological matrix. The aim of this review is to highlight the usefulness of TDM for antiepileptics, antidepressants and antipsychotics, with a focus on current advances in biosampling. The literature on TDM was reviewed up to March 2015. An overview on the use of alternative biological matrices is provided to address the current issues and advances in the field of biosampling for psychiatric CNS drug TDM.
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Chaves AR, Moura BH, Caris JA, Rabelo D, Queiroz MEC. The development of a new disposable pipette extraction phase based on polyaniline composites for the determination of levels of antidepressants in plasma samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1399:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Sempio C, Morini L, Vignali C, Groppi A. Simple and sensitive screening and quantitative determination of 88 psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in blood through LC–MS/MS: Application on postmortem samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 970:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Petrides AK, Moskowitz J, Johnson-Davis KL, Jannetto PJ, Langman LJ, Clarke W, Marzinke MA. The development and validation of a turbulent flow-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantification of citalopram, sertraline, bupropion and hydroxybupropion in serum. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:73-9. [PMID: 25087976 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression is a rapidly growing issue in the United States. There are many drug classes that may be used to treat depression, including the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) citalopram (Celexa®) and sertraline (Zoloft®), as well as the aminoketone bupropion (Wellbutrin®). However, therapeutic efficacy and treatment success is often variable, requiring changes in dosing regimens or drug selection. Methods for drug quantification can become important tools in the assessment of drug efficacy to optimize treatment regimens. Here, we present a turbulent flow-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (TFC-MS/MS) method for the robust, simultaneous quantification of citalopram, sertraline, bupropion and its active metabolite, hydroxybupropion (OH-bupropion). DESIGN AND METHODS Serum spiked with the aforementioned antidepressants, along with their corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards was subjected to protein precipitation. Samples were injected onto a TFC column for on-line solid phase extraction and a Hypersil Gold C18 column for chromatographic separation. Detection was achieved using a TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer. Assay validation followed FDA bioanalytical guidelines. RESULTS The analytical measuring range for all analytes spanned from 5 to 1000ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay precision across four quality control levels were ≤9.2% and ≤14.8%, respectively. A comparison to other LC-MS/MS methods resulted in a strong correlation with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9929 to 0.9971. Carryover, stability, recovery, matrix effects, extraction and processing efficiency were also deemed acceptable in accordance with FDA recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The development and validation of this TFC-MS/MS method allow for the robust and high-throughput quantification of commonly prescribed antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena K Petrides
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Moskowitz
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul J Jannetto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Loralie J Langman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - William Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Marzinke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Woźniakiewicz M, Wietecha-Posłuszny R, Moos A, Wieczorek M, Knihnicki P, Kościelniak P. Development of microextraction by packed sorbent for toxicological analysis of tricyclic antidepressant drugs in human oral fluid. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:9-16. [PMID: 24636563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to apply microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) to the isolation of six tricyclic antidepressants (TCADs): nordoxepin, doxepin, desipramine, nortriptyline, imipramine, and amitriptyline from human oral fluid. Samples were collected from healthy volunteers via free spillage from the oral cavity to disposable test tubes. A method of oral fluid sample pretreatment was developed and optimized in terms of suitability for MEPS extraction and removing of interfering agents (protein, food debris, or air bubbles). Moreover, it was short and simple to perform with limited sample consumption (150μL). Extracts were analysed by UHPLC-MS. The MEPS/UHPLC-MS method was validated at three concentration levels (2.00, 4.00 and 8.00ng/mL) of all analytes in the range 1.25-10.0ng/mL. The following parameters were determined: limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, and accuracy. For all tested concentration levels, the intra- and inter-day repeatability did not exceeded 8.1% and 12.2%, respectively. Gained LOQ value, 0.50ng/mL, made the MEPS/UHPLC-MS method to be a useful tool in clinical and forensic laboratories, which was demonstrated on the basis of analysis of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Woźniakiewicz
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena St., 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena St., 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Moos
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena St., 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Wieczorek
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena St., 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Knihnicki
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena St., 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Kościelniak
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena St., 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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41
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Systematic development of an UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:660-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Pasquini B, Del Bubba M, Pinzauti S. Quality by Design approach in the development of a solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography method: finding the design space for the determination of amitriptyline and its impurities. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 802:113-24. [PMID: 24176512 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography method was set up for the simultaneous determination of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (AMI) and its main impurities. The method was developed following Quality by Design (QbD) principles according to ICH Guideline Q8(R2). QbD approach made it possible to find the design space (DS), where quality was assured. After a scouting phase, aimed at selecting a suitable capillary electrophoresis pseudostationary phase, risk assessment tools were employed to define the critical process parameters (CPPs) to be considered in a screening phase (applied voltage, concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, concentration of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate, of the cosurfactant n-butanol and of the organic modifiers acetonitrile and urea). The effects of the seven selected CPPs on critical quality attributes (CQAs), namely resolution values between critical peak pairs and analysis time, were investigated throughout the knowledge space by means of a symmetric screening matrix. Response surface study was then carried out on four selected CPPs by applying a Doehlert Design. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed in order to estimate the probability of meeting the desired specifications on CQAs, and thus to define the DS by means of a risk of failure map. Additional points at the edges of the DS were tested in order to verify the requirements for CQAs to be fulfilled. A control strategy was implemented by defining system suitability tests. The developed method was validated following ICH Guideline Q2(R1), including robustness assessment by Plackett-Burman design, and was applied to the analysis of real samples of amitriptyline coated tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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43
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Determination of haloperidol in biological samples using molecular imprinted polymer nanoparticles followed by HPLC-DAD detection. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:601-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Plasma, Oral Fluid, and Whole-Blood Distribution of Antipsychotics and Metabolites in Clinical Samples. Ther Drug Monit 2013; 35:345-51. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e318283eaf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Amundsen I, Øiestad Å, Ekeberg D, Kristoffersen L. Quantitative determination of fifteen basic pharmaceuticals in ante- and post-mortem whole blood by high pH mobile phase reversed phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:112-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Dziurkowska E, Wesolowski M. Simultaneous quantitation of venlafaxine and its main metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, in human saliva by HPLC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1726-33. [PMID: 23495235 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Venlafaxine is used for the treatment of major depression and generalized anxiety disorders. Because its active metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, has also a similar activity, the purpose of this work was to develop a simple method for simultaneous quantitation of both drugs using HPLC with UV detection. The saliva was chosen as diagnostic material because of its easy accessibility and possibility of sampling by patients, for example, at home. The sample pretreatment by liquid-liquid extraction allows to separate both compounds from this diagnostic material with a high recovery, varying between 92.65 and 104.78%. The major advantage of the validated method lies in its sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity for routine quantitation of the venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in the human saliva. The low detection and quantification values (2.8-3.1 and 9.4-10.2 ng/mL, respectively) enable to quantify both species excreted with saliva at the nanogram level. The applicability of the method was verified by analysis of the saliva obtained from depressed women treated with venlafaxine. The results suggest that the method could be used for therapeutic drug monitoring in patients undergoing treatment with venlafaxine, especially when metabolic anomalies or low compliance are suspected, or in the case of polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Dziurkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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47
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Ebrahimzadeh H, Dehghani Z, Asgharinezhad AA, Shekari N, Molaei K. Determination of haloperidol in biological samples with the aid of ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by HPLC-DAD. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1597-603. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Dehghani
- Department of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Nafiseh Shekari
- Department of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | - Karam Molaei
- Department of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
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48
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Uřinovská R, Brozmanová H, Sištík P, Silhán P, Kacířová I, Lemr K, Grundmann M. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of five antidepressants and four atypical antipsychotics and their main metabolites in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 907:101-7. [PMID: 23026228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and simple ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination parent drugs: sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine, venlafaxine, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and their active and nonactive metabolites N-desmethylsertraline, norfluoxetine, desmethylcitalopram, didemethylcitalopram, N-desmethylvenlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, N-desmethylclozapine, N-desmethylolanzapine, 2-hydroxyolanzapine and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in human serum. Precipitation of serum proteins was performed with a precipitation reagent consisting of 0.05% solution of ZnSO(4)·7H(2)O in acetonitrile/methanol (40:60, v/v). Alprenolol was used as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a BEH C18 column using gradient elution mobile phase A (2 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid in 5% acetonitrile, v/v/v) and B (2 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid in 95% acetonitrile, v/v/v). Electrospray in positive mode was used for ionization. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring. Analysis time was 5 min. Drugs were separated into three groups with low, medium and high levels. Correlation coefficients of calibration curves were in the range 0.995-1.000. Coefficients of variation were 4.2-9.5% for intra-assay and 3.0-11.9% for inter-assay. Recoveries were 87.1-110% for intra-assay and 88.1-108.2% for inter-assay. The method was fully validated and can be successfully applied for routine analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Uřinovská
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava and University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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49
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Das R, Agrawal Y. Simultaneous Monitoring of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Human Urine, Plasma and Oral Fluid by Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:146-54. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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50
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Peters FT, Remane D. Aspects of matrix effects in applications of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to forensic and clinical toxicology—a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2155-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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