1
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Michael AM, Lotfy HM, Nessim CK. Greenness profile and whiteness assessment of the stability-indicating HPLC method for the assay of levetiracetam. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Quantification of levetiracetam in plasma and urine and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of traumatic brain injury patients. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:31-42. [PMID: 36927087 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug used to prevent or treat seizure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. This study aimed to develop and validate methodology suitable for measuring levetiracetam concentrations in human plasma and urine. Methods: Plasma or urine (10 μl) samples were spiked with [2H6]-levetiracetam and processed using an acetonitrile precipitation. ESI-LC-MS/MS was employed for analyte detection. Results: The levetiracetam calibration was linear from 0.1 to 50 mg/l in a combined matrix of plasma and urine. Intra- and inter-assay imprecision and accuracy in plasma were <7.7 and 109%, and in urine were <7.9 and 108%, respectively. Conclusion: The validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of levetiracetam in critically ill patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
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3
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Potentiometric determination of anti–epileptic drugs: A mini review. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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4
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Özbek O, Berkel C, Isildak Ö, Gürdere MB. HPLC–based methods for the determination of levetiracetam in biological and pharmaceutical samples. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Ji Z, Yin L, Li Y, Yang X, Lin L, Liu L, Jiang Y, Huang J. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with triple-stage fragmentation to determine levetiracetam in epileptic patient serum and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4255-4263. [PMID: 34648229 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug that is primarily approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of focal and generalized seizures. This study describes the development and validation of a highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with triple-stage fragmentation to determine levetiracetam in epileptic patient serum. After simple protein precipitation, the analytes were separated on a short reversed-phase column (Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 column, 4.6 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) using isocratic elution with 25% 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent A) and 75% methanol (solvent B) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The linear range is 0.5-50 μg/mL (R2 > 0.99). All the validation data, such as lower limit of quantification, linearity, specificity, recoveries, matrix effects, and other parameters, fit the request of biological method validation guidance. Passing-Bablok regression coefficients demonstrated that there is no constant bias and no proportional bias between the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods with triple-stage fragmentation and liquid multiple reaction monitoring. Bland-Altman plot showed that the developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with triple-stage fragmentation method is reliable and accurate to determine levetiracetam in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Traditonal Chinese Medicine Department, Heilongjiang Institute for Drug Control, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Breast Disease, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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6
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El-Yazbi AF, Khalifa Y, Elkhatib MA, El-Yazbi AF. Green analytical method for the determination of sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, ribavirin and complex silymarin flavonoids simultaneously in biological fluids. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Álvarez-Freire I, Marqués Rodríguez T, Bermejo Barrera A, Cabarcos-Fernández P, Tabernero-Duque M. Determination of levetiracetam in plasma: Comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique and Abbot® Architect system. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Chappell K, Kimmons LA, Haller JT, Canada RB, He H, Hudson JQ. Levetiracetam pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. J Crit Care 2020; 61:216-220. [PMID: 33217623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine clearance of levetiracetam in patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or sustained low efficiency dialysis (SLED). MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult patients with acute kidney injury or end stage renal disease requiring either CRRT or SLED and levetiracetam were eligible for inclusion. Simultaneous arterial, venous, and effluent samples for analysis of levetiracetam concentrations were collected every two hours for up to 6-8 h. Levetiracetam clearance (CL) and half-life (t1/2) were calculated for each modality. RESULTS Eight CRRT patients and 4 SLED patients completed the study: 67% male, mean age 50 ± 13 years, and 83% had AKI. Seven CRRT patients received continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) [median pre-replacement rate 700 mL/h (range 500-1000), post-replacement rate 500 mL/h (range 200-1000), effluent rate 2500 mL/h (range 1700-3650) and delivered CRRT dose 27 mL/kg/h (range 19-54)] and one patient received CVV hemofiltration (CVVH). The mm mean levetiracetam CL during CVVHDF was 31.2 ± 8.5 mL/min, and the and the mean t1/2 was 10.4 ± 2.2 h. For the patient requiring CVVH, clearance and t1/2 were 22.5 mL/min and 9.5 h, respectively. Mean levetiracetam CL during SLED performed at a blood flow rate of 250 mL/min and a dialysate flow rate of 100 mL/min was 74.0 ± 25.3 mL/min and t1/2 was 4.8 ± 2.3 h. CONCLUSIONS Levetiracetam clearance was substantial with both modalities under the operating conditions reported. There is the potential for subtherapeutic concentrations with current recommended dosing strategies that account only for kidney function and not these extracorporeal routes of elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Chappell
- CHRISTUS Trinity Mother Frances Hospital, 800 East Dawson Street, Tyler, TX, United States of America
| | - Lauren A Kimmons
- Methodist University Hospital, 1265 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - J Tyler Haller
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Robert B Canada
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine (Division of Nephrology), United States of America
| | - Hui He
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, United States of America
| | - Joanna Q Hudson
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine (Division of Nephrology), United States of America; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, United States of America.
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9
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US FDA-validated green GC-MS method for analysis of gabapentin, tramadol and/or amitriptyline mixtures in biological fluids. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1521-1533. [PMID: 33118848 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mixtures of gabapentin, tramadol and/or amitriptyline are usually recommended for treatment of neuropathic pain. Materials & methods/results: A novel GC-MS/MS method was developed to assess the studied mixture whether in pure forms or human biological fluids (plasma/urine). The chromatographic detection was performed using MS detector applying the selected ion-monitoring mode. An (Agilent, CA, USA) GC-MS with triple axis single quadrupole detector unit was used for the analysis equipped with HP-5MS (5% phenyl methyl siloxane) column. Helium was the carrier gas and positive electron impact ionization mode was applied. Conclusion: The developed method was able to assess the mixture components simultaneously within six minutes. Validation of the method was assured according to US FDA guidelines and Eco-Scale assessment.
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10
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Önal C, Kul A, Ozdemir M, Sagirli O. Determination of levetiracetam in human plasma by online heart-cutting liquid chromatography: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3590-3596. [PMID: 32644231 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug for the treatment of psychiatric patients. In this study, a selective, straightforward, and rapid online heart-cutting liquid chromatography method was developed for the therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam. This method allows for the determination of levetiracetam in human plasma without complex sample preparation. The mobile phases consisted of 30 mM aq. orthophosphoric acid solution/methanol (70:30) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for the first system and 10 mM aq. orthophosphoric acid solution/methanol (55:45) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for the second system. The first separation was carried out on a GL Sciences Intersil ODS-3 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 3 µm) and the second separation was carried out on a Restek Ultra PFPP column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 µm). The detection was carried out at 205 nm for both systems. The method was validated for selectivity and linearity, which were in the 6-60 µg/mL range. Intra- and interassay accuracies were <112.6%, and the intra- and interassay precisions were <6.4% for all quality control samples. The lower limit of quantitation was 6 µg/mL. The developed method was successfully applied for therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma samples from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Önal
- CinnaGen Pharmaceutical, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aykut Kul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ozdemir
- Health Application and Research Center Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Sagirli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Ali HM, Gamal M, Abdelwahab NS, Farid NF. Simple GC–MS method for analysis of Levetiracetam and process-related toxic impurity. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Abstract
A comprehensive profile of levetiracetam is presented in this chapter which includes its description, formula, elemental analysis, appearance, uses and applications. Different earlier studies included for example methods of synthesis are described with its typical structural schemes. The profile also listed the drug's physical characteristics indicating its solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, thermal methods of analysis as well as its spectroscopic characteristics. Different methods of analysis which includes compendial method of analysis, as well as reported method of analysis which include spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, electrochemical method, chromatographic method, and immunoassay method of analysis. The study was include drug stability, clinical pharmacology, e.g., mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic study. Around 70 references are recorded as a proof of this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Alrabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Hashem H, El-Sayed HM. Quality by design approach for development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of co-administered levetiracetam and pyridoxine HCl in prepared tablets. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Jenjirattithigarn N, Worachat N, Horsuwan S, Puangpetch A, Prempunpong C, Khongkhatithum C, Thampratankul L, Prommas S, Visudtibhan A, Sukasem C. Determination of plasma Levetiracetam level by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and its application in pharmacokinetics studies in neonates. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1085:13-20. [PMID: 29626789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic drug which has good safety and efficacy in neonatal seizure (NS), a common incident in neonates with weight <1500 g. The pharmacokinetics for LEV in neonatal populations is yet to be clearly understood. In this study, we developed and validated a method for determination of LEV in plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the purpose of pharmacokinetic study. METHODS Plasma LEV was spiked with Lamivudine as internal standard before extraction by C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Chromatography was performed using isocratic elution with mobile phase A: B (10: 90) for 2.0 min with flow rate 0.4 mL/min. The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid in 10.0 mM ammonium acetate (A) and 100% methanol (B). The injection volume was 1.0 μL and the total run time was 2.0 min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with electro spray in positive mode was used. The mass transition for LEV was 171.2/126.0 and 230.0/112.0 for IS with retention time of 0.73 and 0.72 min, respectively. RESULTS A calibration curve range from 0.50-80.0 μg/mL was obtained with a correlation coefficient >0.99 in the quadratic model. Precision and accuracy was within the acceptable range and the intra- and inter-day %CV for three concentrations of QCs were <10%. CONCLUSION This method was reliable, accurate and applicable for LEV pharmacokinetic study in neonates with seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttawut Jenjirattithigarn
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattha Worachat
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suchawadee Horsuwan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Apichaya Puangpetch
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchay Prempunpong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chaiyos Khongkhatithum
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Lunliya Thampratankul
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Santirat Prommas
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anannit Visudtibhan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Luchian R, Vinţeler E, Chiş C, Vasilescu M, Leopold N, Prates Ramalho JP, Chiş V. Conformational Preference and Spectroscopical Characteristics of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Levetiracetam. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3564-3573. [PMID: 28842298 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the possible conformers and the conformational change between solid and liquid states of a particular drug molecule are mandatory not only for describing reliably its spectroscopical properties but also for understanding the interaction with the receptor and its mechanism of action. Therefore, here we investigated the free-energy conformational landscape of levetiracetam (LEV) in gas phase as well as in water and ethanol, aiming to describe the 3-dimensional structure and energetic stability of its conformers. Twenty-two unique conformers were identified, and their energetic stability was determined at density functional theory B3LYP/6-31+G(2d,2p) level of theory. The 6 most stable monomers in water, within a relative free-energy window of 0.71 kcal mol-1 and clearly separated in energy from the remaining subset of 16 conformers, as well as the 3 most stable dimers were then used to compute the Boltzmann populations-averaged UV-Vis and NMR spectra of LEV. The conformational landscape in solution is distinctly different from that corresponding to gas phase, particularly due to the relative orientations of the butanamide group. Aiming to clarify the stability of the possible dimers of LEV, we also investigated computationally the structure of a set of 11 nonhydrated and hydrated homochiral hydrogen-bonded LEV dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Luchian
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil Vinţeler
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cosmina Chiş
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Children Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Vasilescu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - João P Prates Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; CGE-Centro de Geofisica de Evora, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Vasile Chiş
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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16
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Levetiracetam Clinical Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy. Clin Pharmacokinet 2017; 56:1267-1285. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Engelbrecht L, Grobler CJ, Rheeders M. A simple and cost-effective HPLC-UV method for the detection of levetiracetam in plasma/serum of patients with epilepsy. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28294369 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast and cost-effective method was developed and validated for the determination of levetiracetam (LEV) in plasma/serum of patients using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. The stability of LEV plasma/serum samples over time and in different blood collection tubes was evaluated. Serum/plasma samples were deproteinized by methanol spiked with the internal standard, gabapentin. HPLC was carried out on a Venusil XBP C18 , 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with mobile phase consisting of 50 mm potassium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile at a pH of 5.5. The UV detector was set at 205 nm and 10 μL was injected. Total runtime was 15 min. Calibration curves were linear (correlation coefficient = 0.999) over a concentration range of 1-60 μg/mL. Relative standard deviation values for both the inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy were <5% for the concentration range. The influence of different collection tubes and the effect of time on the stability of LEV was investigated. These factors may cause inaccuracies owing to drug-protein binding and interference in the matrix. This method is simple, fast, cost-effective, reliable and accurate with minimal sample preparation for daily routine use in therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Engelbrecht
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - C J Grobler
- Department of Health Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Malie Rheeders
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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18
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Mohamed FA, Bakr MF, Rageh AH, Mostafa AM. The use of separation techniques in the analysis of some antiepileptic drugs: A critical review. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1266654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fardous A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa F. Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azza H. Rageh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aya M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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19
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Sensitive inexpensive HPLC determination of four antiepileptic drugs in human plasma: application to PK studies. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2219-2234. [PMID: 27678163 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Recently, polytherapy regimen has been introduced for the treatment of epileptic patients for better seizure control with lesser side effects and better control of multiple seizure types. Methodology: A simple, sensitive and highly specific reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of four antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine, in real human plasma without interference from endogenous components of plasma. Conclusion: The method was proved to be linear in the range of 0.5–50 µg/ml for all drugs. It was successfully applied for clinical PK study of the AEDs in healthy volunteers following single administration. Also, this method was applied for simultaneous determination of the studied drugs in volunteers’ plasma receiving synergistic binary combinations from the four AEDs when used as add-on therapy. The good precision and selectivity of the developed method allow it to be used for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of such drugs as a useful tool in epilepsy management.
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20
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Alcantara GKS, Calixto LA, de Moraes LAB, Queiroz RHC, de Oliveira ARM, de Gaitani CM. Determination of Levetiracetam in Human Plasma by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:5976324. [PMID: 27830105 PMCID: PMC5086507 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5976324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic drug that is clinically effective in generalized and partial epilepsy syndromes. The use of this drug has been increasing in clinical practice and intra- or -interindividual variability has been exhibited for special population. For this reason, bioanalytical methods are required for drug monitoring in biological matrices. So this work presents a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DLLME-GC-MS) for LEV quantification in human plasma. However, due to the matrix complexity a previous purification step is required. Unlike other pretreatment techniques presented in the literature, for the first time, a procedure employing ultrafiltration tubes Amicon® (10 kDa porous size) without organic solvent consumption was developed. GC-MS analyses were carried out using a linear temperature program, capillary fused silica column, and helium as the carrier gas. DLLME optimized parameters were type and volume of extraction and dispersing solvents, salt addition, and vortex agitation time. Under chosen parameters (extraction solvent: chloroform, 130 μL; dispersing solvent: isopropyl alcohol, 400 μL; no salt addition and no vortex agitation time), the method was completely validated and all parameters were in agreement with the literature recommendations. LEV was quantified in patient's plasma sample using less than 550 μL of organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greyce Kelly Steinhorst Alcantara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Calixto
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo de Moraes
- Departament of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Costa Queiroz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira
- Departament of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Masetto de Gaitani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Farid NF, Abdelwahab NS. Eco-friendly UPLC method for determination of Levetiracetam and its toxic related substance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.7.3.329-333.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Development and Validation of New RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Methyl and Propyl Parabens with Levetiracetam in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Formulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/4909547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and robust high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is described for the assay for levetiracetam (LTC), methyl paraben (MHB), and propyl paraben (PHB) either in their pure form or in commercial Levepsy® syrup. The method is selective and stability indicating and all chromatographic conditions were studied to obtain adequate separation of LTC, MHB, and PHB from their degradation products and from excipients. The HPLC separation was carried out on a RP C18 Hypersil BDS analytical column (150 mm × 4.6 mm ID) using gradient elution system. The mobile phase flow rate was 1.5 mLmin−1 and the column temperature was kept at 40°C. Complete separation of the studied components was obtained within a cycle time of 8 min. LTC, MHB, and PHB were eluted at 1.56, 5.86, and 7.85 min, respectively. Detection was carried out at 240 nm using a dual wavelength detector. The method has been validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, robustness, and ruggedness. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of LTC in the presence of parabens in Levepsy syrup.
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Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Topiramate and Levetiracetam as Single Components in Tablet Formulations and in Human Plasma and Simultaneous Fourth Derivative Synchronous Fluorescence Determination of their Co-Adminstered Mixture in Human Plasma. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1225-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Freitas-Lima P, Ferreira FIS, Bertucci C, Alexandre Júnior V, Dreossi SAC, Pereira LRL, Sakamoto AC, Queiroz RHC. Stir bar-sorptive extraction, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for levetiracetam determination in human plasma: comparing recovery rates. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic drug (AED) with favorable pharmacokinetic profile, is increasingly being used in clinical practice, although information on its metabolism and disposition are still being generated. Therefore a simple, robust and fast liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography method is described that could be used for both pharmacokinetic and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) purposes. Moreover, recovery rates of LEV in plasma were compared among LLE, stir bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE), and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Solvent extraction with dichloromethane yielded a plasma residue free from usual interferences such as commonly co-prescribed AEDs, and recoveries around 90% (LLE), 60% (SPE) and 10% (SBSE). Separation was obtained using reverse phase Select B column with ultraviolet detection (235 nm). Mobile phase consisted of methanol:sodium acetate buffer 0.125 M pH 4.4 (20:80, v/v). The method was linear over a range of 2.8-220.0 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were studied at three concentrations; relative standard deviation was less than 10%. The limit of quantification was 2.8 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. This robust method was successfully applied to analyze plasma samples from patients with epilepsy and therefore might be used for pharmacokinetic and TDM purposes.</p>
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25
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Vinţeler E, Stan NF, Luchian R, Căinap C, Ramalho JPP, Chiş V. Conformational landscape and low lying excited states of imatinib. J Mol Model 2015; 21:84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Narang J, Chauhan N, Malhotra N, Pundir C. Nanocrystals of Zeolite Act as Enhanced Sensing Interface for Biosensing of Leviteracetum. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1153-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Narang J, Malhotra N, Chauhan N, Pundir CS. Retracted Article: Multiwalled carbon nanotube wrapped nanoflake graphene composites for sensitive biosensing of leviteracetum. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14716b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research work presents the detection of leviteracetum by using nanoflakes of graphene (GNF) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) decorated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass as sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagriti Narang
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology
- AMITY University
- Noida
- India
| | | | - Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology
- AMITY University
- Noida
- India
| | - C. S. Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry
- M. D. University
- Rohtak-124 001
- India
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28
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Yeap LL, Lo YL. Rapid and simultaneous quantification of levetiracetam and its carboxylic metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111544. [PMID: 25375249 PMCID: PMC4223074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated according to the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for a simultaneous quantification of levetiracetam (LEV) and its metabolite, UCB L057 in the plasma of patients. A 0.050 mL plasma sample was prepared by a simple and direct protein precipitation with 0.450 mL acetonitrile (ACN) containing 1 µg/mL of internal standard (IS, diphenhydramine), then vortex mixed and centrifuged. A 0.100 mL of the clear supernatant was diluted with 0.400 mL water and well mixed. A 0.010 mL of the resultant solution was injected into an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3.5 µm) column with an isocratic elution at 0.5 mL/min using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid in water and ACN (40:60 v/v). Detection was performed using an AB Sciex API 3000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with a Turbo Ion Spray source, operating in a positive mode: LEV at transition 171.1>154.1, UCB L057 at 172.5>126.1, and IS at 256.3>167.3; with an assay run time of 2 minutes. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for both LEV and UCB L057 was validated at 0.5 µg/mL, while their lower limit of detection (LOD) was 0.25 µg/mL. The calibration curves were linear between 0.5 and 100 µg/mL for both analytes. The inaccuracy and imprecision of both intra-assay and inter-assay were less than 10%. Matrix effects were consistent between sources of plasma and the recoveries of all compounds were between 100% and 110%. Stability was established under various storage and processing conditions. The carryovers from both LEV and UCB L057 were less than 6% of the LLOQ and 0.13% of the IS. This assay method has been successfully applied to a population pharmacokinetic study of LEV in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Yeap
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke-Lin Lo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pita JCLR, Gomes IF, dos Santos SG, Tavares JF, da Silva MS, Diniz MDFFM, Sobral MV. Matrix effect and optimization of LC–MSn determination of trachylobane-360 in mice blood. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:262-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Development of new method for simultaneous analysis of piracetam and levetiracetam in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids: application in stability studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:758283. [PMID: 25114921 PMCID: PMC4121148 DOI: 10.1155/2014/758283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RP-HPLC ultraviolet detection simultaneous quantification of piracetam and levetiracetam has been developed and validated. The chromatography was obtained on a Nucleosil C18 column of 25 cm×0.46 cm, 10 μm, dimension. The mobile phase was a (70:30 v/v) mixture of 0.1 g/L of triethylamine and acetonitrile. Smooth flow of mobile phase at 1 mL/min was set and 205 nm wavelength was selected. Results were evaluated through statistical parameters which qualify the method reproducibility and selectivity for the quantification of piracetam, levetiracetam, and their impurities hence proving stability-indicating properties. The proposed method is significantly important, permitting the separation of the main constituent piracetam from levetiracetam. Linear behavior was observed between 20 ng/mL and 10,000 ng/mL for both drugs. The proposed method was checked in bulk drugs, dosage formulations, physiological condition, and clinical investigations and excellent outcome was witnessed.
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Fortuna A, Alves G, Falcão A. Chiral chromatographic resolution of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: a challenge from the optimization to the application. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:27-58. [PMID: 23946142 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A large number of the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) presently available for clinical practice are chiral compounds while others, although achiral, may originate pharmacologically active chiral metabolites in vivo. The well-known implications of chirality in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics demand the investigation of pharmacological properties for a racemic mixture and each enantiomer. To achieve these objectives, appropriate chiral analytical methods must be available. This article provides the first review of the current state of the art in chiral chromatographic methods available for quantifying enantiomers of AEDs in distinct matrices. Particular attention is paid to the methodological aspects and optimization strategies that successfully allow enantiomeric chromatographic separation of chiral AEDs and/or metabolites. Furthermore, the relevance of these methods in supporting the discovery and development of chiral AEDs is emphasized. In parallel and whenever available, the principal validation parameters are herein considered and related to the stage of drug discovery and development. In an attempt to optimize anticonvulsant activity and simultaneously diminish toxic effects, many pharmaceutical companies have started to manufacture single enantiomers. Therefore, chiral chromatographic techniques will be essential and the information herein compiled can be used as a framework for developing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
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A simple assay for determination of levetiracetam in rat dried blood spots by LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1843-51. [PMID: 23905858 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A simple LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of levetiracetam (LEV, Keppra®), a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) in rat dried blood spots (DBS). LEV was simply extracted with methanol spiked with adenosine (ADE) as IS before LC-MS/MS analysis. The correlation between the DBS and plasma concentrations of LEV was also determined. RESULTS Linearity was from 0.067-60 µg/ml for LEV in DBS samples. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of the assay met validation acceptance criteria. The developed assay was applied to monitor levetiracetam DBS levels in Sprague-Dawley rats after intravenous administration. DBS concentrations were well correlated to the plasma concentrations (R² = 0.9399), as fraction of LEV bound to blood cells remains very constant (0.466 ± 0.041) over a wide concentration range. CONCLUSION The study illustrated that DBS could be used as alternative matrix for monitoring LEV in preclinical studies.
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Hadad GM, Abdel Salam RA, Abdel Hameed EA. QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF LEVETIRACETAM IN HUMAN URINE USING HPLC-UV AND ITS IDENTIFICATION BY LC-ESI-MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.723091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M. Hadad
- a Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Randa A. Abdel Salam
- a Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Eman A. Abdel Hameed
- a Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
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Kumar N, Sangeetha D. SEPARATION AND ESTIMATION OF PROCESS RELATED IMPURITIES AND DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF LEVETIRACETAM IN SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION USING ION-PAIR CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.704606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar
- a Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., IPDO, Bachupally , Hyderabad , A.P , India
- b Department of Chemistry , S.A.S., V.I.T. University , Vellore , Tamilnadu , India
| | - D. Sangeetha
- b Department of Chemistry , S.A.S., V.I.T. University , Vellore , Tamilnadu , India
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Olah E, Bacsoi G, Fekete J, Sharma VK. Determination of ng/mL Levetiracetam using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Absorbance. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:253-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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36
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Therapeutic drug monitoring and LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 883-884:33-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Collins JA, Janis GC. Analysis of selected anticonvulsants by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 902:201-209. [PMID: 22767120 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-934-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A method for the analysis of the basic antiepileptic compounds felbamate, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, gabapentin, pregabalin, levetiracetam, and oxcarbazepine monohydroxy derivative (oxcarb MHD) in human plasma is described. This protocol incorporates a simplified sample preparation step followed by quantitative high performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection of commonly prescribed and monitored anticonvulsant drugs. Since polytherapy is common in epilepsy patients, use of a multiconstituent assay can improve laboratory efficiency and reduce required analytical time.
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dos Santos SG, Queiroga KF, de Oliveira AMF, Tavares JF, Gutierrez SJC, Diniz MDFFM, Barbosa-Filho JM, da Silva MS. Blood matrix effects for male and female Wistar rats, in simultaneous HPLC-UV determination of riparin I and III from Aniba riparia (Nees) Mez. (Lauraceae). Talanta 2011; 86:233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kang J, Park YS, Kim SH, Kim SH, Jun MY. Modern methods for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in the biological fluids for pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:67-81. [PMID: 21660146 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disease occurring in approximately 1.0% of the world's population. About 30% of the epileptic patients treated with availably antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) continue to have seizures and are considered therapy-resistant or refractory patients. The ultimate goal for the use of AEDs is complete cessation of seizures without side effects. Because of a narrow therapeutic index of AEDs, a complete understanding of its clinical pharmacokinetics is essential for understanding of the pharmacodynamics of these drugs. These drug concentrations in biological fluids serve as surrogate markers and can be used to guide or target drug dosing. Because early studies demonstrated clinical and/or electroencephalographic correlations with serum concentrations of several AEDs, It has been almost 50 years since clinicians started using plasma concentrations of AEDs to optimize pharmacotherapy in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, validated analytical method for concentrations of AEDs in biological fluids is a necessity in order to explore pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and TDM in various clinical situations. There are hundreds of published articles on the analysis of specific AEDs by a wide variety of analytical methods in biological samples have appears over the past decade. This review intends to provide an updated, concise overview on the modern method development for monitoring AEDs for pharmacokinetic studies, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseop Kang
- Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Lab, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Matar KM, El-Hashim AZ, Edafiogho IO. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of E121 in mouse plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1888-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shetty SK, Surendranath KV, Kaja RK, Satish J, Jogul J, Manitripathi U. Development and validation of a stability-indicating UHPLC method for assay of felbamate and related substances. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.22.2010.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Matar KM. Therapeutic drug monitoring of topiramate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:729-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Blonk MI, van der Nagel BC, Smit LS, Mathot RA. Quantification of levetiracetam in plasma of neonates by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:675-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mendu DR, Soldin SJ. Simultaneous determination of Levetiracetam and its acid metabolite (ucb L057) in serum/plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:485-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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LC method for therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam: Evaluation of the assay performance and validation of its application in the routine area. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:473-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Dailly E, Bouquié R, Bentué-Ferrer D. Suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique du lévétiracétam. Therapie 2010; 65:67-70. [DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2009071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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