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de Barros RC, Araujo da Costa R, Farias SDP, de Albuquerque KCO, Marinho AMR, Campos MB, Marinho PSB, Dolabela MF. In silico studies on leishmanicide activity of limonoids and fatty acids from Carapa guianensis Aubl. Front Chem 2024; 12:1394126. [PMID: 39139919 PMCID: PMC11319150 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1394126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The oil of Carapa guianensis showed leishmanicidal activity, with its activity being related to limonoids, but fatty acids are the major constituents of this oil. The present study evaluated the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity profiles of limonoids and fatty acids already identified in the species. Based on these results, 2 limonoids (methyl angosinlate, 6-OH-methyl angosinlate) and 2 fatty acids (arachidic acid; myristic acid) were selected for the prediction of possible targets and molecular docking. Included in this study were: Gedunin, 6α-acetoxygedunin, Methyl angosenlato, 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin, Andirobin, 6-hydroxy-angolensate methyl, 17β-hydroxyazadiradione, 1,2-dihydro-3β-hydroxy-7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin, xyllocensin k, 11beta-Hydroxygedunin, 6α,11-11β-diacetoxygedunin, Oleic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Stearic Acid, Arachidic Acid, Myristic Acid, Palmitoleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, and Beenic Acid. Regarding physicochemical aspects, fatty acids violated LogP, and only limonoid 11 violated Lipinski's rule. A common pharmacokinetic aspect was that all molecules were well absorbed in the intestine and inhibited CYP. All compounds showed toxicity in some model, with fatty acids being mutagenic and carcinogenic, and limonoids not being mutagenic and carcinogenic at least for rats. In in vivo models, fatty acids were less toxic. Molecular dockings were performed on COX-2 steroids (15 and 16) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha for limonoids (3,6), with this target being essential for the intracellular development of leishmania. Limonoids 3 and 6 appear to be promising as leishmanicidal agents, and fatty acids are promising as wound healers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Fani Dolabela
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Postgraduate Program (BIONORTE), Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Kelvin Barros Dias K, Lima Cardoso A, Alice Farias da Costa A, Fonseca Passos M, Emmerson Ferreira da Costa C, Narciso da Rocha Filho G, Helena de Aguiar Andrade E, Luque R, Adriano Santos do Nascimento L, Coelho Rodrigues Noronha R. Biological activities from andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet.) and its biotechnological applications: a systematic review. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Development and Validation of RP-UHPLC Method for Quantification of Gliclazide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Using Quality-by-Design (QbD) Approach: A Shifting Paradigm. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gurumukhi VC, Bari SB. Quantification and Validation of Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Efavirenz in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form using Quality by Design (QbD): A Shifting Paradigm. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:143-156. [PMID: 34021559 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study endeavors quality by design (QbD) assisted chromatographic method for the quantification of Efavirenz (ERZ) in bulk and tablet dosage form. Analytical QbD instigated with assignment of analytical target profile (ATP) and critical analytical attributes (CAAs). Risk assessment studies and factor screening studies facilitate to identify the critical method parameters (CMPs). Optimization was performed by employing 32 full factorial design using identified CMPs i.e., flow rate (X1) and pH of buffer (X2) at three different levels and evaluating selected CAAs i.e., retention time (Y1) and peak area (Y2). The individual and interactive influence of CMPs on CAAs were tested by statistical data and response surface plots. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that method parameters are significant (P < 0.05). Chromatographic separation was achieved using methanol, 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (70:30 v/v), pH adjusted at 3.1 with 0.05% ortho-phosphoric acid as a mobile phase at flow rate 1.0 mL/min, and a Nucleosil C18 (4.6 mm I.D. × 250 mm, 5 μm) column with UV detection at 247 nm. The method validation and subsequent stresses degradation studies according to ICH guidelines supported the method to be highly efficient for regular drug analysis and its degradation products. The proposed method was successfully demonstrated QbD based approach for the development of highly sensitive, reliable and suitable for routine analysis, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal C Gurumukhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjaykumar B Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425 405, Maharashtra, India
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Silva DF, Lima KT, Bastos GNT, Oliveira JAR, do Nascimento LAS, Costa CEF, Filho GNR, Concha VOC, Passos MF. PCL/Andiroba Oil ( Carapa guianensis Aubl.) Hybrid Film for Wound Healing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1591. [PMID: 34069314 PMCID: PMC8157046 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a biomimetic material to wound care is an emerging need for the healing process. Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a polymer with the necessary dressing's requirements often used in medicine. Their surface, physic-chemical and biological properties can be modified by adding bioactive compounds, such as andiroba seed oil (Carapa guianensis). This Amazonian natural plant has medicinal and pharmacological properties. For this purpose, PCL polymeric films incorporated with andiroba oil were investigated. The synthesis of hybrids materials was carried out in the solvent casting method. Thermal properties were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solvent type on the surface and hydrophilicity of samples was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, contact angle measurements, functional groups analysis, fluid absorption capacity, and cell viability were performed. The results demonstrated the influences of andiroba oil under the morphology and thermal properties of the polymeric matrix; the hydrophilicity of the hybrid film obtained by acetic acid was reduced by 13%; the porosity decreased as the concentration of oil increased, but its higher thermal stability. The L929 cell line's proliferation was observed in all materials, and it presented nontoxic nature. It was demonstrated the ability of PCL hybrid film as a matrix for cell growth. Then, the materials were proved potential candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora F. Silva
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil; (D.F.S.); (L.A.S.d.N.); (C.E.F.C.); (G.N.R.F.)
| | - Klinsmann T. Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.T.L.); (G.N.T.B.)
| | - Gilmara N. T. Bastos
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.T.L.); (G.N.T.B.)
| | | | - Luís Adriano S. do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil; (D.F.S.); (L.A.S.d.N.); (C.E.F.C.); (G.N.R.F.)
| | - Carlos Emmerson F. Costa
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil; (D.F.S.); (L.A.S.d.N.); (C.E.F.C.); (G.N.R.F.)
| | - Geraldo N. R. Filho
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil; (D.F.S.); (L.A.S.d.N.); (C.E.F.C.); (G.N.R.F.)
| | - Viktor O. C. Concha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcele F. Passos
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil; (D.F.S.); (L.A.S.d.N.); (C.E.F.C.); (G.N.R.F.)
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Soares ADS, Wanzeler AMV, Cavalcante GHS, Barros EMDS, Carneiro RDCM, Tuji FM. Therapeutic effects of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl) oil, compared to low power laser, on oral mucositis in children underwent chemotherapy: A clinical study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113365. [PMID: 32920135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Carapa guianensis Aubl, popularly known as andiroba, is a large tree of the Meliaceae family, commonly found in the Amazon region. The oil extracted from its seeds is recognized in traditional medicine and has high anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential, which are the basic prerequisites for a therapeutic agent that can be used in the treatment of oral mucositis (OM). Moreover, the aforementioned oil has antimicrobial, antiallergic, and parasiticidal actions and is effective in the management of cutaneous and muscular dysfunctions. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the therapeutic effects of andiroba gel (Carapa guianensis Aubl) on the symptomatology and evolution of OM in children with leukemia who underwent chemotherapy and to compare it to the effects of low power laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, double-blind clinical trial involved 60 patients of both genders with leukemia, with age ranging from six to twelve years. The patients were divided into two study groups: the andiroba group (n = 30) and the laser group (n = 30). The level of pain experienced by the patients was assessed using the Wong-Baker visual analog scale and the degree of severity of OM was assessed using a table, recommended by the World Health Organization, that depicts the degrees of severity of OM. The data obtained were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, with statistical significance indicated by a P value less than or equal to 0.05. RESULTS A statistically significant reduction in the degree of OM was observed on the fourth, fifth, and sixth days and in the pain scores on the second, third, and fourth days in the andiroba group after the manifestation of OM, compared to the laser group. CONCLUSIONS The use of andiroba oil effectively reduced the severity of OM and relieved pain, which resulted in a decrease in the severity of signs and symptoms in the patients in the andiroba group, compared to the laser group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Dos Santos Soares
- Department of Odontology, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa, Number 01, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Ana Márcia Viana Wanzeler
- Department of Odontology, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa, Number 01, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | - Elsa Maria da Silva Barros
- Radiotherapy Service of Hospital Ophir Loyola, Avenue. Gov Magalhães Barata, Number 992, 66060-281, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Matos Carneiro
- Radiotherapy Service of Hospital Ophir Loyola, Avenue. Gov Magalhães Barata, Number 992, 66060-281, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Mesquita Tuji
- Department of Odontology, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa, Number 01, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil; Radiotherapy Service of Hospital Ophir Loyola, Avenue. Gov Magalhães Barata, Number 992, 66060-281, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Silva dos Reis A, Santos AS, Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves J. Ultrasound-assisted lipid extractions, enriched with sterols and tetranortriterpenoids, from Carapa guianensis seeds and the application of lipidomics using GC/MS. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33160-33168. [PMID: 35493601 PMCID: PMC9042240 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04776k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the optimized stages of lipid extraction assisted by ultrasound to increase the concentrations of limonoids and steroids from andiroba seeds, identified as Carapa guianensis Aublet, and the lipidome analyzed by TLC and GC/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Silva dos Reis
- Laboratory of Systematic Investigation in Biotechnology and Molecular Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Alberdan Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Systematic Investigation in Biotechnology and Molecular Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
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Simplex-centroid design and Derringer’s desirability function approach for simultaneous separation of phenolic compounds from Mimosa scabrella Bentham honeydew honeys by HPLC/DAD. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1585:182-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wanzeler AMV, Júnior SMA, Gomes JT, Gouveia EHH, Henriques HYB, Chaves RH, Soares BM, Salgado HLC, Santos AS, Tuji FM. Therapeutic effect of andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) against oral mucositis: an experimental study in golden Syrian hamsters. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2069-2079. [PMID: 29256157 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the healing activity of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) against oral mucositis (OM) induced by 5-fluorouracil in golden Syrian hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 122 animals were randomized and divided into six groups: andiroba oil 100%, andiroba oil 10%, andiroba oil 10% refined, no treatment group, all n = 28; and negative control (NC) and cyclophosphamide (CPA) groups, both n = 5. OM was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg 5-FU on days 0, 5 and 10 followed by mechanical trauma on the oral mucosa on days 1 and 2. From day 1 to day 15, the animals of the andiroba group were treated three times a day. On days 4, 8, 12 and 15, the mucosa was photographed and removed for clinical and histopathological analysis. The bone marrow of the femur was removed and the micronucleus test was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey and Bonferroni test. RESULTS Treatment with 100% andiroba oil reduced the degree of OM compared to that reported in the other groups (p < 0.05). Andiroba oil at both concentrations was not cytotoxic, but treatment with 100% andiroba oil showed a genotoxic potential (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Frequent administration of andiroba oil accelerated the healing process in an experimental model of 5-fluorouracil-induced OM. However, the genotoxicity of andiroba in other cell systems and under other conditions are being tested. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of andiroba in topical form may be associated with reduced intensity of OM. Seek therapeutic alternatives to minimize the pain and suffering that these side effects cause cancer patients is an important scientific step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosa Helena Chaves
- Department of Medicine, University of the State of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Bruno Moreira Soares
- Department of Genetics, Human Cytogenetics Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Hugo Leonardo Crisóstomo Salgado
- Department of Chemistry, Systematic Research in Biotechnology and Molecular Diversity Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alberdan Silva Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Systematic Research in Biotechnology and Molecular Diversity Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Morikawa T, Nagatomo A, Kitazawa K, Muraoka O, Kikuchi T, Yamada T, Tanaka R, Ninomiya K. Collagen Synthesis-Promoting Effects of Andiroba Oil and its Limonoid Constituents in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1271-1277. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
| | | | | | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
| | | | | | | | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
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Gaspar AS, Wagner FE, Amaral VS, Costa Lima SA, Khomchenko VA, Santos JG, Costa BFO, Durães L. Development of a biocompatible magnetic nanofluid by incorporating SPIONs in Amazonian oils. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 172:135-146. [PMID: 27106814 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher quality magnetic nanoparticles are needed for use as magnetic nanoprobe in medical imaging techniques and cancer therapy. Moreover, the phytochemistry benefits of some Amazonian essential oils have sparked great interest for medical treatments. In this work, a magnetic nanoprobe was developed, allying the biocompatibility and superparamagnetism of iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with benefits associated with Amazonian oils from Copaiba and Andiroba trees. SPIONs were obtained by two thermal decomposition procedures and different amounts of precursors (iron acetylacetonates). Their characterization was accomplished by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization. The obtained nanoparticles composition and magnetic properties were not affected by the relative proportion of iron(II) and iron(III) in the precursor system. However, when changing the reducing and stabilizing agents the coating layer shows different compositions/relative weight - the more promising SPIONs have a coating mainly composed by oleylamine and an iron oxide:coating wt% ratio of 55:45. Nanoparticles size distributions were very narrow and centred in the average size of 6-7nm. Cellular assays confirmed the biocompatibility of SPIONs and their effective internalization in human colon cancer cells. Mössbauer/XRD results indicated maghemite as their main iron oxide phase, but traces of magnetite proved to be present. Magnetization saturations of 57emu/g at 5K and 42emu/g at 300K were achieved. With incorporation of SPIONs into Copaiba and Andiroba essential oils, these values show a 4-fold decrease, but the supermagnetic behaviour is preserved providing the effective formation of a nanofluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S Gaspar
- CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal; CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Friedrich E Wagner
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Vítor S Amaral
- Physics Department and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Costa Lima
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Judes G Santos
- Federal University of Rondônia-UNIR, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanobiomagnetism, CEP 76900-000, Amazonia, Brazil
| | - Benilde F O Costa
- CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Durães
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Quality by Design (QbD) approach to develop HPLC method for eberconazole nitrate: Application oxidative and photolytic degradation kinetics. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kimura VT, Miyasato CS, Genesi BP, Lopes PS, Yoshida CMP, Silva CFD. The effect of andiroba oil and chitosan concentration on the physical properties of chitosan emulsion film. POLIMEROS 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bataglion GA, da Silva FM, Santos JM, dos Santos FN, Barcia MT, de Lourenço CC, Salvador MJ, Godoy HT, Eberlin MN, Koolen HH. Comprehensive characterization of lipids from Amazonian vegetable oils by mass spectrometry techniques. Food Res Int 2014; 64:472-481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Optimization of liquid chromatographic method for the separation of nine hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen) using microemulsion as eluent. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 955-956:124-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Elder D, Snodin D, Teasdale A. Analytical approaches for the detection of epoxides and hydroperoxides in active pharmaceutical ingredients, drug products and herbals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:1015-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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