1
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A novel capillary forces-founded accessory for reliable measurements of ATR-FTIR spectra of volatile liquids. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Yehia AM, Saad AS, Tantawy MA. USB multiplex analyzer employing screen-printed silver electrodes on paper substrate; A developed design for dissolution testing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113272. [PMID: 32305738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex ion analyzers have been introduced recently for the assay of several inorganic ions, whilst electrochemists have extensively employed screen printed sensors for pharmaceutical analyses. This work aims to develop a USB pluggable sensor with a user-friendly design for multiplex analysis of oppositely charged co-formulated organic ions. The miniaturized screen-printed electrode was developed using silver ink on paper substrate. A compact sensor design was attained by including three electrodes, a single reference electrode along with an indicator electrode for each of the determined ions. Optimized PVC membranes were drop-casted over each of the indicator electrodes for the determination of phenylephrine HCl (PHE) and ibuprofen (IBU). The proposed multiplex potentiometric sensors exhibit Nernstian slopes of 59.2 ± 0.26 and -56.8 ± 0.16 mV/decade for PHE and IBU, respectively, with respective detection limits of 1.6 × 10-7 and 6.53 × 10-8 mol L-1. The fast and stable response of the developed sensor enabled the real-time monitoring of the combined dosage form dissolution. The dissolution profiles obtained by this potentiometric analyzer and an off-line separation technique were compared favourably, albeit our proposed in-line sensor reduced waste and time of analysis. The developed method successfully complies with the most demanding stipulations of green analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Yehia
- Analytical chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Saad
- Analytical chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Tantawy
- Analytical chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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3
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Rudd ND, Helmy R, Dormer PG, Williamson RT, Wuelfing WP, Walsh PL, Reibarkh M, Forrest WP. Probing in Vitro Release Kinetics of Long-Acting Injectable Nanosuspensions via Flow-NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:530-540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Rudd
- Analytical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Roy Helmy
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Peter G. Dormer
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - R. Thomas Williamson
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - W. Peter Wuelfing
- Analytical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Paul L. Walsh
- Analytical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - William P. Forrest
- Sterile Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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4
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Charoo NA, Rahman Z. Integrating QbD Tools for Flexible Scale-Up Batch Size Selection for Solid Dosage Forms. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:1223-1230. [PMID: 31857095 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The pilot scale batch size for solid oral dosage forms is currently defined by major regulatory agencies as one-tenth of the full production, or 100,000 units, whichever is larger. The current criterion is arbitrary and is not based on scientific and risk assessment principles. The approach does not consider geometric, kinematic, and dynamic changes that come into play on scale-up. Even if this criterion is met, impact of scale-up on critical quality attributes cannot be ruled out and also reproducibility cannot be assured simply by restricting the scale-up size. In keeping with the vision for the 21st Century Good Manufacturing Practice initiative to build quality into the product, it is imperative that the selection of scale-up batch size be based on science and risk assessment principles and be part of the product development program. Scale-up should never be seen as an isolated activity. This article will review various tools that can be integrated with quality by design for flexible batch size selection during scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem A Charoo
- Zeino Pharma FZ LLC, 703-HQ Complex-North Tower, Dubai Science Park, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Neopharma, PO. Box 72900, Mussafah, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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5
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Near infrared spectroscopy to monitor drug release in-situ during dissolution tests. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Wray P, Li J, Li LQ, Kazarian SG. Combined Study of Biphasic and Zero-Order Release Formulations with Dissolution Tests and ATR–FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1995-2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Kuentz M. Analytical technologies for real-time drug dissolution and precipitation testing on a small scale. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 67:143-59. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This review focuses on real-time analytics of drug dissolution and precipitation testing on a comparatively small scale.
Key findings
Miniaturisation of test equipment is an important trend in pharmaceutics, and several small-scale experiments have been reported for drug dissolution and precipitation testing. Such tests typically employ analytics in real-time. Fibre optic ultraviolet (UV) analytics has become a well-established method in this field. Novel imaging techniques are emerging that use visible or UV light; also promising is Fourier transform infrared imaging based on attenuated total reflection. More information than just a rate constant is obtained from these methods. The early phase of a dissolution process can be assessed and drug precipitation may eventually be observed. Some real-time techniques are particularly well suited to studying drug precipitation during formulation dispersion; for example, turbidity, focused beam reflectance measurement and Raman spectroscopy.
Summary
Small-scale dissolution tests equipped with real-time analytics have become important to screen drug candidates as well as to study prototype formulations in early development. Future approaches are likely to combine different analytical techniques including imaging. Miniaturisation started with mini-vessels or small vials and future assays of dissolution research will probably more often reach the level of parallel well plates and microfluidic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
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8
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An eco-friendly strategy, using on-line monitoring and dilution coupled to a second-order chemometric method, for the construction of dissolution curves of combined pharmaceutical associations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 89:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Chemometrics involves application of various statistical methods for drawing vital information from various manufacturing-related processes. Multiway chemometric models like parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), Tucker-3, N-partial least square (N-PLS), and bilinear models like principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) have been discussed in the paper. Chemometric approaches can be used to analyze the data obtained from various instruments including near infrared (NIR), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and terahertz pulse spectroscopy. The technique has been used in the quality assurance and quality control of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. Moreover, application of chemometric methods in the evaluation of properties of pharmaceutical powders and tablet parametric tests has also been discussed in the review. It has been suggested as a useful method for the real-time in-process testing and is a valuable process analytical tool.
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Kazarian SG, Ewing AV. Applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging to tablet dissolution and drug release. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1207-21. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.801452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Šašić S, Palm AS, Tang D. Monitoring the dissolution of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient and TPGS in real time via IR spectroscopy during the manufacturing of liquid dosage formulation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:273-9. [PMID: 22871426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy is used to monitor the dissolution of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and an excipient (vitamin E - TPGS) during manufacturing of a liquid pharmaceutical formulation. The goal of the analysis is to explore options for real-time, on screen, and quantitative monitoring of these two components by using an iC10 instrument. As is common, the first step in the approach is to create respective calibration models for the two components and then apply those models on the spectra obtained from scale-up batches. Interestingly, while the API dissolves at the room temperature, TPGS dissolves at an acceptable rate at 50 °C so both temperatures have to be considered. It is shown that univariate models of sufficient accuracy can be developed with a straightforward applicability to the scale-up batches spectra and providing reasonably accurate estimates of the API and TPGS concentrations. Some limitations of the software on the employed instrument may diminish the prospect for the quantitative analysis of the components of interest in this formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Šašić
- Pfizer Inc., Analytical Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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12
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Wray PS, Clarke GS, Kazarian SG. Application of FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging to Study the Effects of Modifying the pH Microenvironment on the Dissolution of Ibuprofen from HPMC Matrices. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4745-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Boetker JP, Savolainen M, Koradia V, Tian F, Rades T, Müllertz A, Cornett C, Rantanen J, Østergaard J. Insights into the early dissolution events of amlodipine using UV imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1372-80. [PMID: 21634435 DOI: 10.1021/mp200205z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional dissolution testing determines drug release to the bulk, but does not enable an understanding of the events happening close to the surface of a solid or a tablet. UV imaging is a new imaging approach that can be used to study the dissolution behavior of chemical compounds. The UV imaging instrumentation offers recording of absorbance maps with a high spatial and temporal resolution which facilitates the abundant collection of information regarding the evolving solution concentrations. In this study, UV imaging was used to visualize the dissolution behavior of amlodipine besylate (amorphous and dihydrate forms) and amlodipine free base. The dissolution of amlodipine besylate was faster from the amorphous form than from the crystalline forms. The UV imaging investigations suggested that a solvent mediated phase transformation occurred for the amorphous amlodipine besylate and the amlodipine free base samples. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm and probe the changes at the solid surface occurring upon contact with the dissolution media and verified the recrystallization of the amorphous form to the monohydrate. The combination of UV imaging and Raman spectroscopy is an efficient tool to obtain a deeper insight into the early events of the dissolution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan P Boetker
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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