Determination of dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate as related substances in heparin by capillary electrophoresis

Development of a rapid method for simultaneous separation of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and heparin by capillary electrophoresis

This study reports the use of diethylenetriamine as background electrolyte for the simultaneous separation of hyaluronan acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and heparin. The analytes were baseline separated by using an uncoated fused silica capillary at 37°C with a run time of 23min. The migration order, with hyaluronan acid at first and heparin at last, was related to the sulfation degree. The effect of salt concentration on resolution and migration order was also investigated. The developed method was applied to the simultaneous determination of hyaluronan acid and chondroitin sulfate in mouse plasma. Interferences in plasma were removed by protein precipitation and glycosaminoglycans were further purified by ethanol precipitation. The method was validated over the concentration range from 50 to 600μg/mL for hyaluronan acid and 500 to 6000μg/mL for chondroitin sulfate in mouse plasma. Results from assay validations showed that the method was selective and robust.

Gold nanomaterials based pseudostationary phases in capillary electrophoresis: a brand-new attempt at chondroitin sulfate isomers separation

In this work, a CE method with bare gold nanorods (GNRs) based pseudostationary phase was developed and applied for the separation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) isomers, CS, and dermatan sulfate (DS). The separation efficiency was investigated by varying the experimental parameters such as concentration and pH of the BGE, separation voltage, internal diameter of capillary, different size, and morphology of gold nanomaterials. Results showed that different size and morphology of gold nanomaterials had different effects on the separation of CS and DS. The best separation of CS and DS was achieved in the BGE composed of aqueous 150 mmol/L (mM) ethylenediamine + 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate + 30% v/v GNRs, pH 4.5, at the separation voltage of -10 kV. Capillary was 59.2 cm in length (effective length 49 cm), 50 μm id capillary thermostated at 25°C. CE with bare GNRs used as pseudostationary phase was shown to be a suitable technique for the separation of CS and DS mixtures with wider peaks. RSD of migration time and peak area of CS and DS were 0.13, 0.14 and 0.86, 1.07%, respectively.

Analysis of chondroitin sulfate from different sources of cartilage by electrophoretically mediated microanalysis

An electrophoretically mediated microanalysis protocol for the determination of different chondroitin sulfate origins was developed.

Molecularly imprinted cryogels for chondroitin sulfate recognition

Chondroitin sulfate (Cs)-imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based macroporous cryogels (CsMIP) were prepared for selective recognition of Cs from an aqueous solution. The selective binding sites for Cs were maintained using vinyl imidazole-Cu(2+) functional groups, during the precomplexation step in the polymerization procedure. Newly synthesized CsMIP cryogel columns were characterized. The separation of Cs from aqueous solutions was studied, both in the continuous system and in the fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system. According to the FPLC studies, the Rs value obtained was 14.72, which shows that the CsMIP cryogel column can successfully separate Cs from aqueous solutions of Cs in the presence of competitor molecules.

Recent advances in capillary electrophoretic migration techniques for pharmaceutical analysis

Since the introduction about 30 years ago, CE techniques have gained a significant impact in pharmaceutical analysis. The present review covers recent advances and applications of CE for the analysis of pharmaceuticals. Both small molecules and biomolecules such as proteins are considered. The applications range from the determination of drug-related substances to the analysis of counterions and the determination of physicochemical parameters. Furthermore, general considerations of CE methods in pharmaceutical analysis are described.

Application of 2,3-naphthalenediamine in labeling natural carbohydrates for capillary electrophoresis

Neutral and acidic monosaccharide components in Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide are readily labeled with 2,3-naphthalenediamine, and the resulting saccharide-naphthimidazole (NAIM) derivatives are quantified by capillary electrophoresis (CE) in borate buffer. Using sulfated-α-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector, enantiomers of monosaccharide-NAIMs are resolved on CE in phosphate buffer, allowing a simultaneous determination of the absolute configuration and sugar composition in the mucilage polysaccharide of a medicinal herb Dendrobiumhuoshanense. Together with the specific enzymatic reactions of various glycoside hydrolases on the NAIM derivatives of glycans, the structures of natural glycans can be deduced from the digestion products identified by CE analysis. Though heparin dissachrides could be successfully derived with the NAIM-labeling method, the heparin derivatives with the same degree of sulfation could not be separated by CE.