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Xiang G, Yang L, Qin J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yang S. Revealing the potential bioactive components and mechanism of Qianhua Gout Capsules in the treatment of gouty arthritis through network pharmacology, molecular docking and pharmacodynamic study strategies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30983. [PMID: 38770346 PMCID: PMC11103544 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of Qianhua Gout Capsules (QGC) in the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA). However, the specific regulatory targets and mechanisms of action of QGC are still unclear. To address this gap, we utilized network pharmacology, molecular docking, and pharmacodynamic approaches to investigate the bioactive components and associated mechanisms of QGC in the treatment of GA. By employing UPLC-Q Exactive-MS, we identified the compounds present in QGC, with active ingredients defined as those with oral bioavailability ≥30 % and drug similarity ≥0.18. Subsequently, the targets of these active compounds were determined using the TCMSP database, while GA-related targets were identified from DisGeNET, GeneCards, TTD, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. Further analysis including PPI analysis, GO analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment was conducted on the targets. Validation of the predicted results was performed using a GA rat model, evaluating pathological changes, inflammatory markers, and pathway protein expression. Our results revealed a total of 130 components, 44 active components, 16 potential shared targets, GO-enriched terms, and 47 signaling pathways related to disease targets. Key active ingredients included quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, luteolin, and wogonin. The PPI analysis highlighted five targets (PPARG, IL-6, MMP-9, IL-1β, CXCL-8) with the highest connectivity, predominantly enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated strong binding of CXCL8, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP9, and PPARG targets with the top five active compounds. Furthermore, animal experiments confirmed the efficacy of QGC in treating GA in rats, showing reductions in TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA levels, and increases in SOD levels in serum. In synovial tissues, QGC treatment upregulated CXCL8 and PPARG expression, while downregulating IL-1β, MMP9, and IL-6 expression. In conclusion, this study applied a network pharmacology approach to uncover the composition of QGC, predict its pharmacological interactions, and demonstrate its in vivo efficacy, providing insights into the anti-GA mechanisms of QGC. These findings pave the way for future investigations into the therapeutic mechanisms underlying QGC's effectiveness in the treatment of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelin Xiang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luyin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Glockzin K, Meek TD, Katzfuss A. Characterization of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) activity in Trypanosoma brucei brucei: Only one of the two isoforms is kinetically active. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009926. [PMID: 35104286 PMCID: PMC8836349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is a Neglected Tropical Disease endemic to 36 African countries, with approximately 70 million people currently at risk for infection. Current therapeutics are suboptimal due to toxicity, adverse side effects, and emerging resistance. Thus, both effective and affordable treatments are urgently needed. The causative agent of HAT is the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei ssp. Annotation of its genome confirms previous observations that T. brucei is a purine auxotroph. Incapable of de novo purine synthesis, these protozoan parasites rely on purine phosphoribosyltransferases to salvage purines from their hosts for the synthesis of purine monophosphates. Complete and accurate genome annotations in combination with the identification and characterization of the catalytic activity of purine salvage enzymes enables the development of target-specific therapies in addition to providing a deeper understanding of purine metabolism in T. brucei. In trypanosomes, purine phosphoribosyltransferases represent promising drug targets due to their essential and central role in purine salvage. Enzymes involved in adenine and adenosine salvage, such as adenine phosphoribosyltransferases (APRTs, EC 2.4.2.7), are of particular interest for their potential role in the activation of adenine and adenosine-based pro-drugs. Analysis of the T. brucei genome shows two putative aprt genes: APRT1 (Tb927.7.1780) and APRT2 (Tb927.7.1790). Here we report studies of the catalytic activity of each putative APRT, revealing that of the two T. brucei putative APRTs, only APRT1 is kinetically active, thereby signifying a genomic misannotation of Tb927.7.1790 (putative APRT2). Reliable genome annotation is necessary to establish potential drug targets and identify enzymes involved in adenine and adenosine-based pro-drug activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Glockzin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas D. Meek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TDM); (AK)
| | - Ardala Katzfuss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TDM); (AK)
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Cournoyer JJ, Dey S. Increasing clinical liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay throughput using a full calibration curve generated by one injection from a single-tube calibrator. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8632. [PMID: 31756771 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mass spectrometry (MS) generally delivers more accurate results than immunoassay (IA) for certain clinically relevant analytes, but IA is still the more prevalent methodology used by clinical laboratories because of barriers to MS adoption, such as lower throughput. Therefore, it is increasingly important to develop new strategies to increase LC/MS/MS throughput so that more accurate results can be delivered to patients and clinicians. METHODS Throughput can be increased by reducing assay calibration time using a single-tube calibrator, a mix of isotopologues of the target analyte at different concentrations in a biological matrix, rather than a set of traditional, multiple-tube calibrators. One injection from a single-tube calibrator can generate a full calibration curve such that each calibration point is from the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) signal corresponding to a specific isotopologue. RESULTS In this study, a single-tube calibrator (five levels in one vial) and a set of multiple-tube calibrators (seven levels in seven vials) were used to measure the concentration of testosterone in 42 serum samples originally value assigned by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference method. The bias between the CDC reference method and the single-tube calibrator measurements and the multiple-tube calibrators measurements was +1.1% and - 5.5%, respectively. These results were within the CDC Hormone Standardization (HoSt) program bias acceptance criteria of ±6.4%. CONCLUSIONS The results show that LC/MS/MS throughput can be increased using a single-tube calibrator because it reduces assay calibration time while delivering equivalent results to those generated using traditional, multiple-tube calibrators. The single-tube calibrator may also save cost to laboratories through reductions in consumable consumption, technician labor time, and inventory management, as well as to manufacturers because fewer vials would need to be manufactured, tested, stored, and shipped.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhakar Dey
- Clinical Diagnostics, SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA
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One-step synthesis of acriflavine-based carbon dots for adenine detection and a theoretical study on the detection mechanism. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Anemoside B4 Protects Rat Kidney from Adenine-Induced Injury by Attenuating Inflammation and Fibrosis and Enhancing Podocin and Nephrin Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8031039. [PMID: 31275420 PMCID: PMC6582884 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8031039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anemoside B4 (B4) isolated from Radix Pulsatilla has anti-inflammatory activities in the colon and antitumor effects. However, its role in the prevention and treatment of kidney injury has not been reported. Here, we reported the effects of B4 on chronic kidney injury (CKI) and studied its related mechanism based on an adenine-induced kidney injury model in rats. The results showed that serum BUN (blood urea nitrogen), Crea (creatinine), and urinary proteins increased significantly after oral administration of adenine. Meanwhile, the adenine contents in both renal tissue and urine increased markedly compared with those of normal rats. Moreover, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and NFκB expression was upregulated in the kidney. Simultaneously, the expression of NLRP3 (the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain–like receptor, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain–containing 3) in the inflammasome, which consists of Caspase 1, ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), and IL-18, was significantly upregulated. B4 could significantly decrease BUN and Crea; reduce urinary proteins in rats; suppress the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, NFκB, NLRP3, Caspase 1, ASC, and IL-18; and increase urinary adenine contents and promote its excretion. In addition, B4 also upregulated the expression of podocin and nephrin, two major podocyte proteins, and reduced the fiber collagen in the renal interstitial, suggesting that B4 could protect the glomerular matrix from adenine injury in addition to its anti-inflammatory effects. The results of this study show new perspective of B4 as a potential drug against adenine-induced renal injury.
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Quantitation of Purines from Pigeon Guano and Implications for Cryptococcus neoformans Survival During Infection. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:273-281. [PMID: 30707338 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The fertilizing properties of bird manure, or guano, have played an important role in plant cultivation for thousands of years. Research into its chemical composition by Unger in 1846 identified a novel compound, now known as guanine, a purine base that is essential for DNA and RNA biosynthesis and cell signalling. Nitrogen-rich guano can also harbour human pathogens, one significant example being the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Historically associated with pigeon droppings, C. neoformans is able to infect immunocompromised individuals with the aid of a number of adaptive virulence traits. To gain insight into this niche, a quantitative analysis of pigeon guano was performed by LC/MS to determine the concentrations of purines present. Guanine was found in abundance, in particular, in aged guano samples that contained 156-296 μg/g [w/w] compared to 75 μg/g in fresh guano. Adenine concentrations were more consistent between fresh and aged samples, 13 μg/g compared to 10-15 μg/g, respectively. C. neoformans strains that lack key enzymes of the de novo purine synthesis pathway and are guanine or adenine auxotrophs displayed differences in their ability to exploit this substrate: growth of a guanine auxotrophic mutant (gua1Δ) was partially restored on 30% pigeon guano media, but an adenine auxotrophic mutant (ade13Δ) was unable to grow. We conclude that while purine salvage is likely a useful resource-saving mechanism, alone it is not sufficient to fully provide the purines required by wild-type C. neoformans growing in its guano niche.
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Gao H, Yu X, Sun R, Yang N, He J, Tao M, Gu H, Yan C, Aa J, Wang G. Quantitative GC-MS assay of citric acid from humans and db/db mice blood serum to assist the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1077-1078:28-34. [PMID: 29413574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is rather challenging. Our previous study suggested that citric acid is a potential marker for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. For the first time, in this study, a surrogate analyte of 13C6-citric acid was employed to generate calibration curves for the quantitative measurement of the endogenous citric acid in the sera of db/db mice and diabetic nephropathy patients by GC/MS after the analytes were extracted, methoximated and trimethylsilylated. The constant response factor of 13C6-citric acid versus citric acid over the linear range indicated the identical ionization efficiency of these two compounds. The full validation assessments suggested that the method is sensitive, specific, reliable, reproducible and has acceptable parameters. Statistical analysis revealed cut-off citric acid concentrations of 29.24 μg/mL with a 95% confidence interval between 32.75 and 39.16 μg/mL in the diabetic nephropathy patients and 16.74 and 22.57 μg/mL in the normal controls. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves indicated accuracies of over 90% for the diagnoses of early diabetic nephropathy in both humans and db/db mice, which suggests that the serum citric acid level is potentially a biomarker that could assist in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxue Gao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun He
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingxue Tao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huilin Gu
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Guangji Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Han M, Cheng X, Gao Z, Zhao R, Zhang S. Inhibition of tumor cell growth by adenine is mediated by apoptosis induction and cell cycle S phase arrest. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94286-94296. [PMID: 29212228 PMCID: PMC5706874 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gekko swinhonis has a long standing history in Chinese traditional medicine recognized for its application in treating patients with terminal cancer.In order to discover novel anticancer drugs with high anti-tumor efficacy and low toxicity to normal cells, we aim to investigate the anti-tumor components from Gekko swinhonis. Four nucleosides from the extracted samples were enriched, namely adenosine, guanosine, thymidine and inosine. We evaluated the antitumor effect of the four nucleosides and found that adenosine possessed the strongest anti-tumor effect. Besides, adenine could inhibit the growth of Bel-7402 and Hela cells in a dose and time dependent manner, but not normal human cervical keratinocytes. Bel-7402 and Hela cells had undergone apoptosis 48 hours after treatment as evidenced by morphologic changes under TEM, while adenine blocked cell cycle of tumor cells at S phase and subsequently causing cell cycle exit and promoting apoptosis. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of adenine was stable in cell culture medium for up to 72 hours. Combining its potency with stability, we conclude adenine makes a promising candidate for an anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Han
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Shizhuang Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
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Li J, Jiang J, Feng H, Xu Z, Tang S, Deng P, Qian D. Facile synthesis of 3D porous nitrogen-doped graphene as an efficient electrocatalyst for adenine sensing. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple, low-cost and eco-friendly strategy for the convenient preparation of three-dimensional porous nitrogen-doped graphene (3D-N-GN) for the highly sensitive detection of adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
| | - Jianbo Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
| | - Haibo Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hengyang Normal University
- Hengyang 421008
- PR China
| | - Siping Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hengyang Normal University
- Hengyang 421008
- PR China
| | - Peihong Deng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Hengyang Normal University
- Hengyang 421008
- PR China
| | - Dong Qian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy
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Rawat KA, Kailasa SK. 2,3,4-Trihydroxy benzophenone as a novel reducing agent for one-step synthesis of size-optimized gold nanoparticles and their application in colorimetric sensing of adenine at nanomolar concentration. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21634f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,4-trihydroxy benzophenone acts as a novel reducing and stabilizing agent for one-step synthesis of size-optimized Au NPs and used as a probe for colorimetric sensing of adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna A. Rawat
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- S. V. National Institute of Technology
- Surat-395007
- India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- S. V. National Institute of Technology
- Surat-395007
- India
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Zhou Y, Yan H, Xie Q, Yao S. Determination of guanine and adenine by high-performance liquid chromatography with a self-fabricated wall-jet/thin-layer electrochemical detector at a glassy carbon electrode. Talanta 2015; 134:354-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang K, Yao S, Li G, Hu Y. One-step sonoelectrochemical fabrication of gold nanoparticle/carbon nanosheet hybrids for efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2659-2666. [PMID: 25580806 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast, reproducible and efficient one-step fabrication method was successfully developed to prepare gold nanoparticle/carbon nanosheet (Au NP/CNS) hybrids by using sonoelectrochemistry. This method involved simultaneous generation of carbon nanosheets (CNSs) by oxidation of a graphite anode and generation of Au NPs by reduction of AuCl4(-) on the surface of the cathode. Then the Au NPs modified with poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) were self-assembled on the surface of the CNS. A homemade sonoelectrochemical device that provided both high-intensity electric and ultrasonic fields was applied. The ability to obtain Au NPs with a controlled size and distribution on the surface of the CNS benefitted from the synergistic effect of the electric field and ultrasonic field. The Au NPs on the CNS surface exhibited distinctive and high-quality SERS activity. The enhancement factor of the developed substrate was 1.2 × 10(6) using 4-aminothiophenol as the probe molecule. The Au NP/CNS hybrid showed a great increase of Raman signals for aromatic molecules because of the high affinity of the CNS for aromatic molecules and the SERS activity of Au NPs. This SERS substrate also showed charge selectivity for cationic aromatic dyes, due to the negative charge on the surface of the CNS. Subsequently, the potential practical application of the SERS substrate was evaluated by quantitative analysis of adenine. The results suggest that Au NP/CNS materials as sensitive SERS-active substrates have great potential for detection of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
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Kang S, Oh SM, Chung KH, Lee S. A surrogate analyte-based LC-MS/MS method for the determination of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in human urine and variation of endogenous urinary concentrations of GHB. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:193-200. [PMID: 24929871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a drug of abuse with a strong anesthetic effect; however, proving its ingestion through the quantification of GHB in biological specimens is not straightforward due to the endogenous presence of GHB in human blood, urine, saliva, etc. In the present study, a surrogate analyte approach was applied to accurate quantitative determination of GHB in human urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in order to overcome this issue. For this, (2)H6-GHB and (13)C2-dl-3-hydroxybutyrate were used as a surrogate standard and as an internal standard, respectively, and parallelism between the surrogate analyte approach and standard addition was investigated at the initial step. The validation results proved the method to be selective, accurate, and precise, with acceptable linearity within calibration ranges (0.1-1μg/ml). The limit of detection and the limit of quantification of (2)H6-GHB were 0.05 and 0.1μg/ml, respectively. No significant variations were observed among urine matrices from different sources. The stability of (2)H6-GHB was satisfactory under sample storage and in-process conditions. However, in vitro production of endogenous GHB was observed when the urine sample was kept under the in-process condition for 4h and under the storage conditions of 4 and -20°C. In order to facilitate the practical interpretation of urinary GHB, endogenous GHB was accurately measured in urine samples from 79 healthy volunteers using the surrogate analyte-based LC-MS/MS method developed in the present study. The unadjusted and creatinine-adjusted GHB concentrations in 74 urine samples with quantitative results ranged from 0.09 to 1.8μg/ml and from 4.5 to 530μg/mmol creatinine, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between the unadjusted and creatinine-adjusted GHB concentrations. The urinary endogenous GHB concentrations were affected by gender and age while they were not significantly influenced by habitual smoking, alcohol drinking, or caffeine-containing beverage drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Oh
- Hoseo Toxicology Research Center, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-ro 79 beon-gil, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea.
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A sensitive and accurate quantitative method to determine N-arachidonoyldopamine and N-oleoyldopamine in the mouse striatum using column-switching LC–MS–MS: use of a surrogate matrix to quantify endogenous compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4491-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Kang L, Jiang T, Ge X, Peng L, Xie Y, Luan X, Li H, Rong Z, Qi H, Chen H. Determination of the stress biomarker corticosterone in serum of tumor-bearing mice by surrogate-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1639-46. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kang
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200080 China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Xinxing Ge
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Xin Luan
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Huafang Li
- State base of clinical trial; Shanghai Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Zhengxing Rong
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Hong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 China
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