1
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Li P, Wu DR, Yip SH, Sun D, Pawluczyk J, Smith A, Kempson J, Mathur A. Large-scale purification of a deprotected macrocyclic peptide by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) integrated with liquid chromatography in discovery chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465112. [PMID: 38972253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A macrocyclic peptide A was successfully purified in large quantities (∼30 g) in >95 % purity by an integrated two-step orthogonal purification process combining supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with medium-pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography (MP-RPLC). MP-RPLC was used to fractionate the crude peptide A, remove unwanted trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) originating from the peptide A cleavage off the resin, and convert the peptide A into ammonium acetate salt form, prior to the final purification by SFC. A co-solvent of methanol/acetonitrile containing ammonium acetate and water in CO2 was developed on a Waters BEH 2-Ethylpyridine column. The developed SFC method was readily scaled up onto a 5 cm diameter column to process multi-gram quantities of the MP-RPLC fraction to reach > 95 % purity with a throughput/productivity of 0.96 g/h. The incorporation of SFC with MP-RPLC has been demonstrated to have a broader application in other large-scale polypeptide purifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Shiuhang Henry Yip
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
| | - Dawn Sun
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Joseph Pawluczyk
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Aaron Smith
- Spectrix, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - James Kempson
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
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2
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Lenzi A, De Cristofaro M, Biagini D, Ghimenti S, Armenia S, Pugliese NR, Masi S, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Development of a high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry platform for the determination of intact natriuretic peptides in human plasma. Talanta 2024; 275:126077. [PMID: 38636440 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We present an innovative, reliable, and antibody-free analytical method to determine multiple intact natriuretic peptides in human plasma. These biomolecules are routinely used to confirm the diagnosis and monitor the evolution of heart failure, so that their determination is essential to improve diagnosis and monitor the efficacy of treatment. However, common immunoassay kits suffer from main limitations due to high cross-reactivity with structurally similar species. In our method, we pre-treated the sample by combining salting-out with ammonium sulfate with microextraction by packed sorbent technique. Analyses were then carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The use of 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol as a supercharger reagent enhanced the ESI ionization and improved the signal-to-noise ratio. The analytical protocol showed good linearity over one order of magnitude, recovery in the range of 94-105 %, and good intra- and inter-day reproducibility (RSD<20 %), and the presence of a matrix effect. Limits of detection were in the range of pg/mL for all peptides (0.2-20 pg/mL). Stability study in plasma samples demonstrated that proper protease inhibitors need to be included in blood collection tubes to avoid peptide degradation. Preliminary analyses on plasma samples from heart failure patients allow the quantification of ANP 1-28 as the most abundant species and the detection of ANP 5-28, BNP 1-32, and BNP 5-32. The method could be used to investigate how cross-reactivity issues among structurally similar species impact determinations by ELISA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariano De Cristofaro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Armenia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Nicola R Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
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3
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Pawar R, Tivari S, Panchani D, Makasana J. A stability-indicating method development and validation for the determination of related substances in novel synthetic decapeptide by HPLC. J Pept Sci 2024:e3610. [PMID: 38689387 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In the present scenario, peptide is an emerging field of research having vast therapeutic applications. Diverse impurities may rise from various stages of the synthesis process and storage of the peptides. Because these contaminants may have an impact on the therapeutic safety and effectiveness of peptides in their approaching applications, they must be identified and carefully monitored. Considering the pharmaceutical importance of the extent of peptides, we were motivated to synthesize a decapeptide and establish a novel gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for its analysis along with efficient separation of its six related impurities. Different buffers, organic modifiers, and columns were used in the tests for good separation of these impurities. To establish a stability-indicating method, a stress study was also conducted. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines have been followed for validation of the developed analytical method. The validated method revealed sufficient accuracy, specificity, linearity, robustness, precision, and high sensitivity for its intended use. The proposed method could be appropriate for routine analysis and stability assessment of the decapeptide, which might be useful for further scientific investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunil Tivari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Divya Panchani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayanti Makasana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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4
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Čakić Semenčić M, Kovačević M, Barišić L. Recent Advances in the Field of Amino Acid-Conjugated Aminoferrocenes-A Personal Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4810. [PMID: 38732028 PMCID: PMC11084972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of turn-based inhibitors of protein-protein interactions has attracted considerable attention in medicinal chemistry. Our group has synthesized a series of peptides derived from an amino-functionalized ferrocene to investigate their potential to mimic protein turn structures. Detailed DFT and spectroscopic studies (IR, NMR, CD) have shown that, for peptides, the backbone chirality and bulkiness of the amino acid side chains determine the hydrogen-bond pattern, allowing tuning of the size of the preferred hydrogen-bonded ring in turn-folded structures. However, their biological potential is more dependent on their lipophilicity. In addition, our pioneering work on the chiroptical properties of aminoferrocene-containing peptides enables the correlation of their geometry with the sign of the CD signal in the absorption region of the ferrocene chromophore. These studies have opened up the possibility of using aminoferrocene and its derivatives as chirooptical probes for the determination of various chirality elements, such as the central chirality of amino acids and the helicity of peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lidija Barišić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Č.S.); (M.K.)
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5
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Yang Y, Rao R, Valliere-Douglass J, Tremintin G. Automated high-throughput buffer exchange platform enhances rapid flow analysis of antibody drug conjugates by high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124007. [PMID: 38387340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are an increasingly important therapeutic class of molecules for the treatment of cancer. Average drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and drug-load distribution are critical quality attributes of ADCs with the potential to impact efficacy and toxicity of the molecule and need to be analytically characterized and understood. Several platform methods including hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) and native size-exclusion chromatography-mass spectrometry (nSEC-MS) have been developed for that purpose; however, each presents some limitations. In this work, we assessed a new sample preparation and buffer exchange platform coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for characterizing the drug-load and distribution of several cysteine-linked ADCs conjugated with a variety of chemotypes. Several criteria were evaluated during the optimization of the buffer exchange-mass spectrometry system performance and the data generated with the system were compared with results from nSEC-MS and HIC. The results indicated that the platform enables automated and high throughput quantitative DAR characterization for antibody-drug conjugates with high reproducibility and offers several key advantages over existing approaches that are used for chemotype-agnostic ADC characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Bruker Scientific, LLC., 101 Daggett Drive, San Jose, CA, USA.
| | - Romesh Rao
- Analytical Sciences, Seagen Inc., 21823 30th Drive S.E., Bothell, WA, USA.
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6
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Guo X, Bai H, Chen L. Imidazole-octyl mixed-mode stationary phase based on macroporous silica for the purification of ovomucoid and ovotransferrin. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:404. [PMID: 37728672 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
A process-simplified hard template approach was established to synthesize the monodisperse macroporous silica microspheres with homogeneous structures by twice alkali-thermal treatment and calcination routes. Porous vinyl-functionalized polysesquioxane microspheres (V-PMSQ) were synthesized through a hydrolyzation-polycondensation method and used as templates. The template particles with large aperture and high pore volume were obtained by adjusting the pH value and reaction time of the twice alkali-thermal reaction. After calcination, monodisperse silica microspheres with an average pore size of 30 nm, homogeneous pore structures, and narrow particle size distribution were fabricated, which can be directly used as chromatographic matrices without classification. After that, a new reversed-phase/strong anion-exchange (RP/SAX) mixed-mode stationary phase Sil-S-VOIM was prepared by bonding the 1-vinyl-3-octyl-imidazole ligands to the above silica microspheres through a "thiol-ene" click reaction. The performance of the Sil-S-VOIM column was evaluated by one acidic protein (transferrin) and two basic proteins (lysozyme, α-chymotrypsin) and compared to a single imidazole-modified Sil-S-VIM column and an octyl-modified Sil-C8 column, respectively. Due to the synergistic effect of electrostatic repulsion and hydrophobic interactions, baseline separations of the above proteins were observed only on the Sil-S-VOIM column, with resolutions of 2.55 and 2.01 between lysozyme and transferrin, and between transferrin and α-chymotrypsin, respectively, indicating good selectivity and separation ability compared with single-mode stationary phases. It was applied to the isolation of egg white samples with peaks identified by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS. The results showed that the selective retention and isolation of ovomucoid and ovotransferrin were successfully achieved, with yields of 78.8% and 67.2%, respectively. The protocol described in this work is simpler, faster, and has higher protein recovery. Overall, this new mixed-mode stationary phase provided a promising potential for the separation and determination of intact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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7
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Singh YR, Shah DB, Kulkarni M, Patel SR, Maheshwari DG, Shah JS, Shah S. Current trends in chromatographic prediction using artificial intelligence and machine learning. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2785-2797. [PMID: 37264667 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) gained tremendous growth and are rapidly becoming popular in various fields of prediction due to their potential abilities, accuracy, and speed. Machine learning algorithms employ historical data to analyze or predict information using patterns or trends. AI and ML were most employed in chromatographic predictions and particularly attractive options for liquid chromatography method development, as they can help achieve desired results faster, more accurately, and more efficiently. This review aims at exploring various AI and ML models employed in the determination of chromatographic characteristics. This review also aims to provide deep insight into reported artificial neural network (ANN) associated techniques which maintained better accuracy and significant possibilities for chromatographic characteristics prediction in liquid chromatography over classical linear models and also emphasizes the integration of a fuzzy system with an ANN, as this integrated study provides more efficient and accurate methods in chromatographic prediction than other linear models. This study also focuses on the retention prediction of a target molecule employing QSRR methodology combined with an ANN, highlighting a more effective technique than the QSRR alone. This approach showed the benefits of combining AI or ML algorithms with the QSRR to obtain more accurate retention predictions, emphasizing the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning for overcoming adversities in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Raj Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, LJ University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Darshil B Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, LJ University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mangesh Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, LJ University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shreyanshu R Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, LJ University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dilip G Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, LJ University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jignesh S Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, LJ University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shreeraj Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, LJ Institute of Pharmacy, LJ University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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8
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Scrosati PM, Konermann L. Atomistic Details of Peptide Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3892-3900. [PMID: 36745777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptide separations by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) are an integral part of bottom-up proteomics. These separations typically employ C18 columns with water/acetonitrile gradient elution in the presence of formic acid. Despite the widespread use of such workflows, the exact nature of peptide interactions with the stationary and mobile phases is poorly understood. Here, we employ microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to uncover details of peptide RPLC. We examined two tryptic peptides, a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic species, in a slit pore lined with C18 chains that were grafted onto SiO2 support. Our simulations explored peptide trapping, followed by desorption and elution. Trapping in an aqueous mobile phase was initiated by C18 contacts with Lys butyl moieties. This was followed by extensive anchoring of nonpolar side chains (Leu/Ile/Val) in the C18 layer. Exposure to water/acetonitrile triggered peptide desorption in a stepwise fashion; charged sites close to the termini were the first to lift off, followed by the other residues. During water/acetonitrile elution, both peptides preferentially resided close to the pore center. The hydrophilic peptide exhibited no contacts with the stationary phase under these conditions. In contrast, the hydrophobic species underwent multiple transient Leu/Ile/Val binding interactions with C18 chains. These nonpolar interactions represent the foundation of differential peptide retention, in agreement with the experimental elution behavior of the two peptides. Extensive peptide/formate ion pairing was observed in water/acetonitrile, particularly at N-terminal sites. Overall, this work uncovers an unprecedented level of RPLC molecular details, paving the way for MD simulations as a future tool for improving retention prediction algorithms and for the design of novel column materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Scrosati
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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9
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Kale D, Kikul F, Phapale P, Beedgen L, Thiel C, Brügger B. Quantification of Dolichyl Phosphates Using Phosphate Methylation and Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3210-3217. [PMID: 36716239 PMCID: PMC9933046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dolichyl monophosphates (DolPs) are essential lipids in glycosylation pathways that are highly conserved across almost all domains of life. The availability of DolP is critical for all glycosylation processes, as these lipids serve as membrane-anchored building blocks used by various types of glycosyltransferases to generate complex post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids. The analysis of DolP species by reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) remains a challenge due to their very low abundance and wide range of lipophilicities. Until now, a method for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative assessment of DolP species from biological membranes has been lacking. Here, we describe a novel approach based on simple sample preparation, rapid and efficient trimethylsilyl diazomethane-dependent phosphate methylation, and RPLC-MS analysis for quantification of DolP species with different isoprene chain lengths. We used this workflow to selectively quantify DolP species from lipid extracts derived of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, HeLa, and human skin fibroblasts from steroid 5-α-reductase 3- congenital disorders of glycosylation (SRD5A3-CDG) patients and healthy controls. Integration of this workflow with global lipidomics analyses will be a powerful tool to expand our understanding of the role of DolPs in pathophysiological alterations of metabolic pathways downstream of HMG-CoA reductase, associated with CDGs, hypercholesterolemia, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Kale
- Heidelberg
University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120Heidelberg, Germany,Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139Dortmund, Germany,
| | - Frauke Kikul
- Heidelberg
University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prasad Phapale
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lars Beedgen
- Centre
for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Centre
for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg
University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120Heidelberg, Germany,
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10
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Mochizuki T, Shibata K, Naito T, Shimoyama K, Ogawa N, Maekawa M, Kawakami J. LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of serum tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients using rapid tryptic digestion without IgG purification. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:852-859. [PMID: 36605577 PMCID: PMC9805942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantitation of serum tocilizumab using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has not been widely applied in clinical settings because of its time-consuming and costly sample pretreatments. The present study aimed to develop a validated LC-MS/MS method for detecting serum tocilizumab by utilizing immobilized trypsin without an immunoglobulin G purification step and evaluate its applicability in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients administered intravenously or subcutaneously with tocilizumab. The tocilizumab-derived signature peptide was deciphered using a nano-LC system coupled to a hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. The serum tocilizumab was rapidly digested by immobilized trypsin for 30 min. The chromatographic peak of the signature peptide and that of the internal standard were separated from the serum digests for a total run time of 15 min. The calibration curve of serum tocilizumab concentration was linear with a range of 2-200 μg/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and relative standard deviation (RSD) were 90.7%-109.4% and <10%, respectively. The serum tocilizumab concentrations in the RA patients receiving intravenous and subcutaneous injections were 5.8-28.9 and 2.4-63.5 μg/mL, respectively. The serum tocilizumab concentrations using the current method positively correlated with those using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, although a systematic error was observed between these methods. In conclusion, a validated LC-MS/MS method with minimal sample pretreatments for monitoring serum tocilizumab concentrations in RA patients was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mochizuki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kaito Shibata
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan,Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takafumi Naito
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan,Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Shimoyama
- Third Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Ogawa
- Third Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Junichi Kawakami
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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11
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Proteomics Characterization of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides with Anti-Allergic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204400. [PMID: 36297084 PMCID: PMC9609859 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are found in foods and dietary supplements and are responsible for health benefits with applications in human and animal medicine. The health benefits include antihypertensive, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, opioid, antioxidant, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory functions. Bioactive peptides can be obtained by microbial action, mainly by the gastrointestinal microbiota from proteins present in food, originating from either vegetable or animal matter or by the action of different gastrointestinal proteases. Proteomics can play an important role in the identification of bioactive peptides. High-resolution mass spectrometry is the principal technique used to detect and identify different types of analytes present in complex mixtures, even when available at low concentrations. Moreover, proteomics may provide the characterization of epitopes to develop new food allergy vaccines and the use of immunomodulating peptides to induce oral tolerance toward offending food allergens or even to prevent allergic sensitization. In addition, food-derived bioactive peptides have been investigated for their anti-inflammatory properties to provide safer alternatives to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). All these bioactive peptides can be a potential source of novel drugs and ingredients in food and pharmaceuticals. The following review is focused on food-derived bioactive peptides with antiallergic and anti-inflammatory properties and summarizes the new insights into the use of proteomics for their identification and quantification.
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12
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Billotto LS, Marcus RK. Comparative Analysis of Trilobal Capillary‐Channeled Polymer Fiber Columns with Superficially Porous and Monolithic Phases Towards Reversed‐Phase Protein Separations. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3811-3826. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey S. Billotto
- Department of Chemistry Biosystems Research Complex Clemson University
| | - R. Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry Biosystems Research Complex Clemson University
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13
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Erckes V, Steuer C. A story of peptides, lipophilicity and chromatography - back and forth in time. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:676-687. [PMID: 35800203 PMCID: PMC9215158 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides, as part of the beyond the rule of 5 (bRo5) chemical space, represent a unique class of pharmaceutical compounds. Because of their exceptional position in the chemical space between traditional small molecules (molecular weight (MW) < 500 Da) and large therapeutic proteins (MW > 5000 Da), peptides became promising candidates for targeting challenging binding sites, including even targets traditionally considered as undruggable - e.g. intracellular protein-protein interactions. However, basic knowledge about physicochemical properties that are important for a drug to be membrane permeable is missing but would enhance the drug discovery process of bRo5 molecules. Consequently, there is a demand for quick and simple lipophilicity determination methods for peptides. In comparison to the traditional lipophilicity determination methods via shake flask and in silico prediction, chromatography-based methods could have multiple benefits such as the requirement of low analyte amount, insensitivity to impurities and high throughput. Herein we elucidate the role of peptide lipophilicity and different lipophilicity values. Further, we summarize peptide analysis via common chromatographic techniques, in specific reversed phase liquid chromatography, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography and their role in drug discovery and development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Erckes
- Pharmaceutical Analytics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian Steuer
- Pharmaceutical Analytics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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Preparation of mixed-mode stationary phase for separation of peptides and proteins in high performance liquid chromatography. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4061. [PMID: 35260726 PMCID: PMC8904576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous silica particles were prepared by sol–gel method with some modification to get wide-pore particles. These particles were derivatized with N-phenylmaleimide-methylvinylisocyanate (PMI) and styrene by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to prepare N-phenylmaleimide embedded polystyrene (PMP) stationary phases. Narrow bore stainless steel column (100 × 1.8 mm i.d) was packed by slurry packing method. The chromatographic performance of PMP column was evaluated for the separation of synthetic peptides mixture composed of five peptides (Gly-Tyr, Gly-Leu-Tyr, Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg, Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg, Leucine enkephalin) and tryptic digest of human serum albumin (HAS) respectively. Number of theoretical plates as high as 280,000 plates/m were obtained for peptides mixture at optimum elution condition. Separation performance of the developed column was compared with commercial Ascentis Express RP-Amide column and it was observed that separation performance of PMP column was better than commercial column in terms of separation efficiency and resolution.
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15
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Huang S, McClain RT, Marcus RK. Comparison of the separation of proteins of wide-ranging molecular weight via trilobal polypropylene capillary-channeled polymer fiber, commercial superficiously porous, and commercial size exclusion columns. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1502-1513. [PMID: 35172038 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reversed phase and size-exclusion chromatography methods are commonly used for protein separations, though based on distinctly different principles. Reversed phase methods yield hydrophobicity-based (loosely-termed) separation of proteins on porous supports, but tend to be limited to proteins with modest molecular weights based on mass transfer limitations. Alternatively, size-exclusion provides complementary benefits in the separation of higher-mass proteins based on entropic, not enthalpic, processes, but tend to yield limited peak capacities. In this study, microbore columns packed with a novel trilobal polypropylene capillary-channeled polymer fiber were used in a reversed phase modality for the separation of polypeptides and proteins of molecular weights ranging from 1.4 to 660 kDa. Chromatographic parameters including gradient times, flow rates and trifluoroacetic acid concentrations in the mobile phase were optimized to maximize resolution and throughput. Following optimization, the performance of the trilobal fiber column was compared to two commercial-sourced columns, a superficially porous C4-derivatized silica and size exclusion, both of which are sold specifically for protein separations and operated according to the manufacturer-specified conditions. In comparison to the commercial columns, the fiber-based column yielded better separation performance across the entirety of the suite, at much lower cost and shorter separation times. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, 29634, Clemson, SC
| | - Ray T McClain
- Vaccine Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, 29634, Clemson, SC
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16
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Analysis of short-chain bioactive peptides by unified chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Part II. Comparison to reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1663:462771. [PMID: 34973481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the first part of this study, a unified chromatography (UC) analysis method, which is similar to supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) but with wide mobile phase gradients of pressurized CO2 and solvent, was developed to analyse short-chain peptides, with UV and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. In this second part, the method is compared to a reference reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) method, based on the analysis of 43 peptides, including 10 linear peptides and 33 cyclic ones. First, the orthogonality between the two methods was examined, based on the retention patterns. As the UC method was developed on a polar stationary phase (Ascentis Express OH5), the elution orders and selectivities were expected to be significantly different from RPLC on a non-polar stationary phase (ACQUITY CSH C18). Secondly, the success rate of the methods was examined, based on successful retention / elution of the peptides and the absence of observed co-elutions between the main peak and impurities. A successful analysis was obtained for 81% of the peptides in UC and 67% in RPLC. Thirdly, the performance of the methods for the intended application of impurity profiling of peptide drug candidates was assessed, based on the comparison of peak purities, the number of impurities detected and the thorough examination of impurity profiles. Excellent complementarity of the two methods for the specific task of impurity profiling, and for the separation of isomeric species was observed, with only one isomeric pair in this set remaining unresolved. The method sensitivity was however better with RPLC than UC. Finally, the operational costs in terms of solvent cost per analysis were the same between the two methods.
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Yin L, Huang Y, Wang C, Dong H, Ding Y, Huang B, Wu J. Development of a Novel and Stability Indicating RP-HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Carbetocin and Ten Impurities in Carbetocin Injection Products. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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De Luca C, Lievore G, Bozza D, Buratti A, Cavazzini A, Ricci A, Macis M, Cabri W, Felletti S, Catani M. Downstream Processing of Therapeutic Peptides by Means of Preparative Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2021; 26:4688. [PMID: 34361839 PMCID: PMC8348516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The market of biomolecules with therapeutic scopes, including peptides, is continuously expanding. The interest towards this class of pharmaceuticals is stimulated by the broad range of bioactivities that peptides can trigger in the human body. The main production methods to obtain peptides are enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, recombinant approach and, especially, chemical synthesis. None of these methods, however, produce exclusively the target product. Other species represent impurities that, for safety and pharmaceutical quality reasons, must be removed. The remarkable production volumes of peptide mixtures have generated a strong interest towards the purification procedures, particularly due to their relevant impact on the manufacturing costs. The purification method of choice is mainly preparative liquid chromatography, because of its flexibility, which allows one to choose case-by-case the experimental conditions that most suitably fit that particular purification problem. Different modes of chromatography that can cover almost every separation case are reviewed in this article. Additionally, an outlook to a very recent continuous chromatographic process (namely Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification, MCSGP) and future perspectives regarding purification strategies will be considered at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy; (A.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy; (A.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Walter Cabri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
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Ebner J, Humer D, Klausser R, Rubus V, Pell R, Spadiut O, Kopp J. At-Line Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography for In-Process Monitoring of Inclusion Body Solubilization. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:78. [PMID: 34200471 PMCID: PMC8228044 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8060078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Refolding is known as the bottleneck in inclusion body (IB) downstream processing in the pharmaceutical industry: high dilutions leading to large operating volumes, slow refolding kinetics and low refolding yields are only a few of the problems that impede industrial application. Solubilization prior to refolding is often carried out empirically and the effects of the solubilizate on the subsequent refolding step are rarely investigated. The results obtained in this study, however, indicate that the quality of the IB solubilizate has a severe effect on subsequent refolding. As the solubilizate contains chaotropic reagents in high molarities, it is commonly analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). SDS-PAGE, however, suffers from a long analysis time, making at-line analytical implementation difficult. In this study, we established an at-line reversed phase liquid chromatography method to investigate the time-dependent quality of the solubilizate. To verify the necessity of at-line solubilization monitoring, we varied the essential solubilization conditions for horseradish peroxidase IBs. The solubilization time was found to have a major influence on subsequent refolding, underlining the high need for an at-line analysis of solubilization. Furthermore, we used the developed reversed phase liquid chromatography method for an in-process control (IPC). In conclusion, the presented reversed phase liquid chromatography method allows a proper control of IB solubilization applicable for tailored refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ebner
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.E.); (D.H.); (R.K.); (V.R.); (O.S.)
| | - Diana Humer
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.E.); (D.H.); (R.K.); (V.R.); (O.S.)
| | - Robert Klausser
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.E.); (D.H.); (R.K.); (V.R.); (O.S.)
| | - Viktor Rubus
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.E.); (D.H.); (R.K.); (V.R.); (O.S.)
| | - Reinhard Pell
- SANDOZ GmbH, Mondseestrasse 11, 4866 Unterach, Austria;
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.E.); (D.H.); (R.K.); (V.R.); (O.S.)
| | - Julian Kopp
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.E.); (D.H.); (R.K.); (V.R.); (O.S.)
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20
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Ummiti K, Shanmukha Kumar JV. Establishment of validated stability indicating purity method based on the stress degradation behavior of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (ganirelix) in an injectable formulation using HPLC and LC-MS-QTOF. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2021; 27:126-140. [PMID: 33823624 DOI: 10.1177/14690667211005335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress study of a drug substance or pharmaceutical drug product provides a vision into degradation pathways and degradation products of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and helps in interpretation of the chemical structure of the degradation impurities. In the current study, Ganirelix active ingredient presented in the Orgalutran® was stressed with acidic and alkali hydrolysis, photolysis, thermal and oxidation conditions as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q1A (R2). Ganirelix was found to be labile under thermal and alkali hydrolytic stress conditions, while it was stable to acid hydrolytic, oxidative and photolytic stress. All degradation products were separated with a resolution > 1.5 on a C18 column (2.6 µm, 25 cm×4.6 mm) using a hydrophilic ion pair such as sodium perchlorate, at a concentration <0.04 M. In total, four major degradant impurities were found during stress study. These impurities were fractionated and desalted by flash chromatography for identification of chemical structures. LC-MS-QTOF analysis revealed that two degradation products are diastereomers of Ganirelix, one degradation product is a deamination compound and other degradation product result from the insertion of a new amino acid residue in the Ganirelix peptide sequence. The developed method is sensitive enough to quantify the related substances of Ganirelix at the 0.04% level with that of Ganirelix test concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumarswamy Ummiti
- Department of Chemistry, 207673Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
| | - J V Shanmukha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, 207673Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
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21
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Ferreira NN, Boni FI, Baltazar F, Gremião MP. Validation of an innovative analytical method for simultaneous quantification of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and the monoclonal antibody cetuximab using HPLC from PLGA-based nanoparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Kopp J, Zauner FB, Pell A, Hausjell J, Humer D, Ebner J, Herwig C, Spadiut O, Slouka C, Pell R. Development of a generic reversed-phase liquid chromatography method for protein quantification using analytical quality-by-design principles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Current and future trends in reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of therapeutic proteins. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Background:
Biopharmaceuticals are biological drugs consisting of a complex compound
that can be produced by a living organism or derive from it. Biopharmaceuticals are very complicated
compounds from structural point of view and for this reason, they cannot be fully characterized in
terms of their structure with current analytical methods as it happens instead of low molecular weight
chemicals drugs.
Introduction:
The regulatory guidelines require the characterization of the primary or higher sequence
of these molecules and the characterization of any post-translational modifications. The use
of biopharmaceuticals has really grown in the last few years: in 2016, the number of biopharmaceuticals
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA)
for use in humans’ diseases was 1357. From 2013 to 2016, 73 of these compounds were approved for
the treatment of cancer, inflammation, immune disorders, infections, anemia and cardiovascular diseases.
Aim/Conclusion:
The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of recent approaches for
the characterization of biopharmaceutical products in HPLC that have been presented in the literature
in the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Le Basle Y, Chennell P, Tokhadze N, Astier A, Sautou V. Physicochemical Stability of Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:169-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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McCalley DV, Guillarme D. Evaluation of additives on reversed-phase chromatography of monoclonal antibodies using a 1000 Å stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Microfluidics Chip for Directional Solvent Extraction Desalination of Seawater. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12576. [PMID: 31467344 PMCID: PMC6715649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional solvent extraction is one of the promising membrane-less seawater desalination method. This technique was not extensively investigated due the poor mixing and separation performances of its bench-scale system. It is believed that, overcoming these drawbacks is possible now with the rapid development of microfluidics technology that enabled high-precession micro mixing and separation. This work presents microfluidics chip for extracting and separating salt from seawater. The chip was designed with two sections for extraction and separation. In both sections, the liquids were separated using capillary channels perpendicular to the main stream. The main channels were designed to be 400 µm in width and 100 µm in height. Two streams inlets were introduced through a Y-junction containing octanoic acid as the organic phase and saltwater as the aqueous phase. The desalination performance was investigated at four different temperatures and five different solvent flow rates. Water product salinity was recorded to be as low as 0.056% (w/w) at 60 °C and 40 mL/h. A maximum water yield of 5.2% was achieved at 65 °C and 40 mL/h with a very low solvent residual (70 ppm). The chip mass transfer efficiency was recorded to be as high as 68% under similar conditions. The fabricated microfluidic desalination system showed a significant improvement in terms of water yield and separation efficiency over the conventional macroscale. The high performance of this microsystem resulted from its ability to achieve a high mixing efficiency and separate phases selectively and that will provide a good platform in the near future to develop small desalination kits for personal use.
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Samuelsson J, Eiriksson FF, Åsberg D, Thorsteinsdóttir M, Fornstedt T. Determining gradient conditions for peptide purification in RPLC with machine-learning-based retention time predictions. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1598:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Eugster PJ, Chtioui H, Herren A, Dunand M, Cappelle D, Bourquin J, Buclin T, Grouzmann E. Sub-picomolar quantification of PTH 1-34 in plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS after subcutaneous injection of teriparatide and identification of PTH 1-33, its degradation product. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:205-212. [PMID: 30660035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Teriparatide (PTH 1-34, Forsteo®) is a bioactive N-terminal fragment of the native endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-84) recommended for the treatment of osteoporosis in patients with high risk of fracture. Since PTH 1-34 may undergo proteolysis we have validated an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for unambiguously measuring intact PTH 1-34 with the same sensitivity as ELISA, at subpicomolar level (LLOQ at 0.4 pM). The full chromatographic run was achieved in 16.5 min. The method validation showed satisfactory intra- and inter-assay precision (CV < 13%) and excellent trueness (<5%), and almost no matrix effect (recoveries 78-92%). We found that after subcutaneous injection in two volunteers, PTH 1-34 half-life was shorter with UHPLC-MS/MS and that ELISA was overestimating PTH 1-34 late concentrations in both volunteers. Qualitative mass spectrometry was performed and led to the discovery of PTH 1-33, a fragment of PTH 1-34 with unknown function. This study emphasized the importance of switching from immunoassays to mass spectrometry when measuring bioactive peptides prompt to proteolysis into fragments that may exhibit altered bioactivity and duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J Eugster
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Haithem Chtioui
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adeline Herren
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marielle Dunand
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Cappelle
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Bourquin
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Grouzmann
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Retention of Amino Acids in Reversed-Phase HPLC under Application of Linear Organic Modifier Gradients and/or pH Gradients. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030632. [PMID: 30754702 PMCID: PMC6384946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A multi-layer artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model the retention behavior of 16 o-phthalaldehyde derivatives of amino acids in reversed-phase liquid chromatography under application of various gradient elution modes. The retention data, taken from literature, were collected in acetonitrile⁻water eluents under application of linear organic modifier gradients ( gradients), pH gradients, or double pH/ gradients. At first, retention data collected in gradients and pH gradients were modeled separately, while these were successively combined in one dataset and fitted simultaneously. Specific ANN-based models were generated by combining the descriptors of the gradient profiles with 16 inputs representing the amino acids and providing the retention time of these solutes as the response. Categorical "bit-string" descriptors were adopted to identify the solutes, which allowed simultaneously modeling the retention times of all 16 target amino acids. The ANN-based models tested on external gradients provided mean errors for the predicted retention times of 1.1% ( gradients), 1.4% (pH gradients), 2.5% (combined and pH gradients), and 2.5% (double pH/ gradients). The accuracy of ANN prediction was better than that previously obtained by fitting of the same data with retention models based on the solution of the fundamental equation of gradient elution.
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31
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Preparation of silica colloidal crystal column and its application in pressurized capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1587:172-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
The high performance of chemically-modified silica gel packing materials is based on the utilization of pure silica gels. Earlier silica gels used to be made from inorganic silica; however, nowadays, silica gels are made from organic silanes. The surface smoothness and lack of trace metals of new silica gels permits easy surface modifications (chemical reactions) and improves the reproducibility and stability. Sharpening peak symmetry is based on developing better surface modification methods (silylation). Typical examples can be found in the chromatography of amitriptyline for silanol testing and that of quinizarin for trace metal testing. These test compounds were selected and demonstrated sensitive results in the measurement of trace amounts of either silanol or trace metals. Here, we demonstrate the three-dimensional model chemical structures of bonded-phase silica gels with surface electron density for easy understanding of the molecular interaction sites with analytes. Furthermore, a quantitative explanation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic liquid chromatographies was provided. The synthesis methods of superficially porous silica gels and their modified products were introduced.
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33
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34
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Wang Y, Olesik SV. Enhanced-Fluidity Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Intact Protein Separation and Characterization. Anal Chem 2018; 91:935-942. [PMID: 30523683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the analysis of proteins have increased the demand for more efficient techniques to separate intact proteins. Enhanced-fluidity liquid chromatography (EFLC) involves the addition of liquefied CO2 to conventional liquid mobile phases. The addition of liquefied CO2 increases diffusivity and decreases viscosity, which inherently leads to a more efficient separation. Herein, EFLC is applied to hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) stationary phases for the first time to study the impact of liquefied CO2 to the chromatographic behavior of proteins. The effects of liquefied CO2 on chromatographic properties, charge state distributions (CSDs), and ionization efficiencies were evaluated. EFLC offered improved chromatographic performance compared to conventional liquid chromatography (LC) methods including a shorter analysis time, better peak shapes, and higher plate numbers. The addition of liquefied CO2 to the mobile phase provided an electrospray ionization (ESI)-friendly and "supercharging" reagent without sacrificing chromatographic performance, which can be used to improve peptide and protein identification in large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States of America
| | - Susan V Olesik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States of America
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D’Atri V, Fekete S, Clarke A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Recent Advances in Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:210-239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Clarke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, Chemical and Analytical Development (CHAD), Basel, CH4056, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Bobály B, D'Atri V, Lauber M, Beck A, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Characterizing various monoclonal antibodies with milder reversed phase chromatography conditions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Blatnik R, Mohan N, Bonsack M, Falkenby LG, Hoppe S, Josef K, Steinbach A, Becker S, Nadler WM, Rucevic M, Larsen MR, Salek M, Riemer AB. A Targeted LC-MS Strategy for Low-Abundant HLA Class-I-Presented Peptide Detection Identifies Novel Human Papillomavirus T-Cell Epitopes. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700390. [PMID: 29603667 PMCID: PMC6033010 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For rational design of therapeutic vaccines, detailed knowledge about target epitopes that are endogenously processed and truly presented on infected or transformed cells is essential. Many potential target epitopes (viral or mutation-derived), are presented at low abundance. Therefore, direct detection of these peptides remains a challenge. This study presents a method for the isolation and LC-MS3 -based targeted detection of low-abundant human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I-presented peptides from transformed cells. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was used as a model system, as the HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are attractive therapeutic vaccination targets and expressed in all transformed cells, but present at low abundance due to viral immune evasion mechanisms. The presented approach included preselection of target antigen-derived peptides by in silico predictions and in vitro binding assays. The peptide purification process was tailored to minimize contaminants after immunoprecipitation of HLA-peptide complexes, while keeping high isolation yields of low-abundant target peptides. The subsequent targeted LC-MS3 detection allowed for increased sensitivity, which resulted in successful detection of the known HLA-A2-restricted epitope E711-19 and ten additional E7-derived peptides on the surface of HPV16-transformed cells. T-cell reactivity was shown for all the 11 detected peptides in ELISpot assays, which shows that detection by our approach has high predictive value for immunogenicity. The presented strategy is suitable for validating even low-abundant candidate epitopes to be true immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Blatnik
- Immunotherapy and ImmunopreventionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany
- Molecular Vaccine DesignGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Nitya Mohan
- Immunotherapy and ImmunopreventionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Maria Bonsack
- Immunotherapy and ImmunopreventionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany
- Molecular Vaccine DesignGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Lasse G. Falkenby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark
| | - Stephanie Hoppe
- Immunotherapy and ImmunopreventionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany
- Molecular Vaccine DesignGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Kathrin Josef
- Immunotherapy and ImmunopreventionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany
- Molecular Vaccine DesignGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Alina Steinbach
- Immunotherapy and ImmunopreventionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany
- Molecular Vaccine DesignGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Sara Becker
- Immunotherapy and ImmunopreventionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Wiebke M. Nadler
- Division of Stem Cells and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI‐STEM)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marijana Rucevic
- Massachusetts General HospitalCenter for Cancer ResearchCharlestownMAUSA
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark
| | - Mogjiborahman Salek
- Immunotherapy and ImmunopreventionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany
- Molecular Vaccine DesignGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Angelika B. Riemer
- Immunotherapy and ImmunopreventionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany
- Molecular Vaccine DesignGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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Eugster PJ, Boyle CN, Prod'hom S, Tarasco E, Buclin T, Lutz TA, Harris AG, Grouzmann E. Sensitive quantification of the somatostatin analog AP102 in plasma by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:1448-1457. [PMID: 29745052 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AP102 is a di-iodinated octapeptide somatostatin agonist (SSA) designed to treat acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors. A sensitive and selective method was validated for the quantification of AP102 in plasma following the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. Sample preparation was performed using solid-phase extraction microplates. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) C18 column in 6.0 minutes. The compounds were quantified using multiple reaction monitoring on a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer with 13 C,15 N-labeled AP102 as internal standard. Calibration ranged from 50 to 10000 pg/mL. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was measured at 20 pg/mL, and robust analytical performances were obtained with trueness at 99.2%-100.0%, intra-assay imprecision at 2.5%-4.4%, and inter-assay imprecision at 8.9%-9.7%. The accuracy profiles (total error) built on the 3 concentrations levels showed accuracy within the 70%-130% range. AP102 is remarkably stable since no proteolytic fragments were detected on plasma samples analyzed by Orbitrap-MS. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in rats, after single dose (1, 3, and 10 μg/kg, sc) and continuous subcutaneous administration (osmotic minipumps for 28 days, 3.0 or 10.0 μg/kg/h). AP102 showed a rapid absorption by the subcutaneous route (Tmax : 15-30 minutes) and a fast elimination (t1/2 : 33-86 minutes). The PK profile of AP102 exhibited a mean clearance of 1.67 L/h and a mean distribution volume at steady state of 7.16 L/kg, about 10-fold higher than those observed with other SSA or non- and mono-iodinated AP102. LogD7.4 determination confirmed the lipophilic properties of AP102 that might influence its distribution in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J Eugster
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - Christina N Boyle
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Prod'hom
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - Erika Tarasco
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan G Harris
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Grouzmann
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland
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Development of Isocratic RP-HPLC Method for Separation and Quantification of L-Citrulline and L-Arginine in Watermelons. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:4798530. [PMID: 29853897 PMCID: PMC5954852 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4798530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) are known to have sufficient amino acid content. In this study, watermelons grown and consumed in Malaysia were investigated for their amino acid content, L-citrulline and L-arginine, by the isocratic RP-HPLC method. Flesh and rind watermelons were juiced, and freeze-dried samples were used for separation and quantification of L-citrulline and L-arginine. Three different mobile phases, 0.7% H3P04, 0.1% H3P04, and 0.7% H3P04 : ACN (90 : 10), were tested on two different columns using Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 and Gemini C18 with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and a detection wavelength at 195 nm. Efficient separation with reproducible resolution of L-citrulline and L-arginine was achieved using 0.1% H3P04 on the Gemini C18 column. The method was validated and good linearity of L-citrulline and L-arginine was obtained with R2 = 0.9956, y = 0.1664x + 2.4142 and R2 = 0.9912, y = 0.4100x + 3.4850, respectively. L-citrulline content showed the highest concentration in red watermelon of flesh and rind juice extract (43.81 mg/g and 45.02 mg/g), whereas L-arginine concentration was lower than L-citrulline, ranging from 3.39 to 11.14 mg/g. The isocratic RP-HPLC method with 0.1% H3P04 on the Gemini C18 column proved to be efficient for separation and quantification of L-citrulline and L-arginine in watermelons.
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40
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Utility of a high coverage phenyl-bonding and wide-pore superficially porous particle for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies and related products. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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41
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Chen H, Shi P, Fan F, Tu M, Xu Z, Xu X, Du M. Complementation of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and CESI-Q-TOF-MS on identification and determination of peptides from bovine lactoferrin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Källsten M, Hartmann R, Artemenko K, Lind SB, Lehmann F, Bergquist J. Qualitative analysis of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs): an experimental comparison of analytical techniques of cysteine-linked ADCs. Analyst 2018; 143:5487-5496. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01178h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Four different cysteine linked antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) consisting of Trastuzumab-vc-MMAE were analysed with four common analytical techniques with respect to drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Källsten
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Analytical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Rafael Hartmann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- BMC
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 23 Uppsala
| | | | - Sara Bergström Lind
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Analytical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Analytical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
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43
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Andjelković U, Tufegdžić S, Popović M. Use of monolithic supports for high-throughput protein and peptide separation in proteomics. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2851-2869. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Andjelković
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Chemistry; Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Srdjan Tufegdžić
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Chemistry; Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milica Popović
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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Shibata K, Naito T, Okamura J, Hosokawa S, Mineta H, Kawakami J. Simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for the absolute determination of cetuximab in human serum using an immobilized trypsin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:266-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Bobály B, D’Atri V, Beck A, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibodies in hydrophilic interaction chromatography: A generic method development approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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47
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Sousa F, Gonçalves VM, Sarmento B. Development and validation of a rapid reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantification of monoclonal antibody bevacizumab from polyester-based nanoparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:171-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Protocols for the analytical characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. I – Non-denaturing chromatographic techniques. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1058:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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49
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Fekete S, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Achievable separation performance and analysis time in current liquid chromatographic practice for monoclonal antibody separations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Bobály B, Fleury-Souverain S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Current possibilities of liquid chromatography for the characterization of antibody-drug conjugates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:493-505. [PMID: 28688616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are innovative biopharmaceuticals gaining increasing attention over the last two decades. The concept of ADCs lead to new therapy approaches in numerous oncological indications as well in infectious diseases. Currently, around 60 CECs are in clinical trials indicating the expanding importance of this class of protein therapeutics. ADCs show unprecedented intrinsic heterogeneity and address new quality attributes which have to be assessed. Liquid chromatography is one of the most frequently used analytical method for the characterization of ADCs. This review summarizes recent results in the chromatographic characterization of ADCs and supposed to provide a general overview on the possibilities and limitations of current approaches for the evaluation of drug load distribution, determination of average drug to antibody ratio (DARav), and for the analysis of process/storage related impurities. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and multidimensional separations are discussed focusing on the analysis of marketed ADCs. Fundamentals and aspects of method development are illustrated with applications for each technique. Future perspectives in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), HIC, SEC and ion exchange chromatography (IEX) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bobály
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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