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Antibiotic Removal from the Aquatic Environment with Activated Carbon Produced from Pumpkin Seeds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041380. [PMID: 35209169 PMCID: PMC8877137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are among the most critical environmental pollutant drug groups. Adsorption is one of the methods used to eliminate these pollutants. In this study, activated carbon was produced from pumpkin seed shells and subsequently modified with KOH. The adsorbent obtained through this procedure was used to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous systems. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), elemental, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Zeta analyses were used to characterize the adsorbent. The surface area, in particular, was found to be a very remarkable value of 2730 m2/g. The conditions of the adsorption experiments were optimized based on interaction time, adsorbent amount, pH and temperature. Over 99% success was achieved in removal operations carried out under the most optimal conditions, with an absorption capacity of 884.9 mg·g−1. In addition, the Langmuir isotherm was determined to be the most suitable model for the adsorption interaction.
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Liu C, Huang D, Yang L, Wu S, Shen X, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Huang C. Removal of Polymerase Chain Reaction Inhibitors by Electromembrane Extraction. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11488-11496. [PMID: 34383461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has become the cornerstone of DNA analysis. However, special samples (e.g., forensic samples, soil, food, and mineral medicine) may contain powerful PCR inhibitors. High levels of inhibitors can hardly be sufficiently removed by conventional DNA extraction approaches and may result in the complete failure of PCR. In this work, the removal of PCR inhibitors by electromembrane extraction (EME) was investigated for the first time. To demonstrate the universality of the approach, EME formats with and without supported membranes (termed parallel-EME and μ-EME, respectively) were employed, and both anionic [humic acid (HA)] and cationic (Ca2+) PCR inhibitors were used as models. During EME, charged inhibitors in the sample migrate into the liquid membrane in the presence of an electric field and might further leech into the waste solution, while PCR analytes remain in the sample. After EME, the clearance values for HA at 0.2 and 2.5 mg mL-1 were 94 and 85%, respectively, and that for Ca2+ (275 mM) was 63%. Forensic PCR-short tandem repeat (PCR-STR) genotyping showed that EME significantly reduced the interference by HA in PCR-STR analysis and displayed a higher HA purge capability compared to existing methods. Furthermore, by combining EME with liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction, satisfactory STR profiles were obtained from HA-rich blood samples. In addition, false-negative reports of bacterial detection in mineral medicine and shrimps were avoided after the removal of Ca2+ by μ-EME. Our research demonstrates the great potential of EME for the purification of DNA samples containing high-level PCR inhibitors and opens up a new application direction for EME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Daixin Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liuqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shifan Wu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan 430030, China
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A comprehensive review on application of the syringe in liquid- and solid-phase microextraction methods. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Eze SI, Akpomie KG, Ezekoye OM, Chukwujindu CN, Ojo FK, Ani JU, Ujam OT. Antibiotic Adsorption by Acid Enhanced Dialium guineense Seed Waste. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Ultrasound assisted ion pair based surfactant-enhanced liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for preconcentration and determination of nickel and cobalt ions in vegetable and herb samples. Food Chem 2019; 284:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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6
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Jafari S, Hamidi S. Microextraction techniques in antibiotic monitoring in body fluids: Recent trends and future. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1399418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterial, School of Pharmacy and Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samin Hamidi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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A novel ion pair based surfactant assisted microextraction modified by orthogonal signal correction partial least squares for determination of food dyes. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction combined with magnetic solid-phase extraction for analysis of polyphenols in tobacco samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Feizi N, Yamini Y, Moradi M, Salamat Q. Nanostructured gemini-based supramolecular solvent coupled with ultrasound-assisted back extraction as a preconcentration step before GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4788-4795. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Feizi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Morteza Moradi
- Department of Semiconductors; Materials and Energy Research Center; Karaj Iran
| | - Qamar Salamat
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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10
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Paired-ion-based liquid phase microextraction for speciation of iron (Fe2+, Fe3+) followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Amido-Amine Cationic Gemini Surfactants Containing Flexible and Rigid Spacers. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-1969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Darweesh TM, Ahmed MJ. Adsorption of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin from aqueous solution onto granular activated carbon in fixed bed column. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:139-145. [PMID: 28040619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbonization of Phoenix dactylifera L stones followed by microwave K2CO3 activation was adopted for preparation of granular activated carbon (KAC). High yield and favorable pore characteristics in terms of surface area and pore volume were reported for KAC as follows: 44%, 852m2/g, and 0.671cm3/g, respectively. The application of KAC as adsorbent for attraction of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) was investigated using fixed bed systems. The effect of flow rate (0.5-1.5ml/min), bed height (15-25cm), and initial drug concentration (75-225mg/l) on the behavior of breakthrough curves was explained. The fixed bed analysis showed the better correlation of breakthrough data by both Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. Inlet drug concentration was of greatest effect on breakthrough data compared to other fixed bed variables. Experimental and calculated breakthrough data were obtained for CIP and NOR adsorption on KAC, thus being important for design of fixed bed column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeba M Darweesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Muthanna J Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
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13
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A new generation of nano-structured supramolecular solvents based on propanol/gemini surfactant for liquid phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 953:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Ezoddin M, Abdi K, Esmaeili N. Ultrasound enhanced air-assisted surfactant liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of an organic droplet for the determination of chromium in water, air and biological samples. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Feizi N, Yamini Y, Moradi M, Ebrahimpour B. Nano-structured gemini-based supramolecular solvent for the microextraction of cyhalothrin and fenvalerate. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3400-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Feizi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Morteza Moradi
- Department of Semiconductors; Materials and Energy Research Center; Karaj Iran
| | - Behnam Ebrahimpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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16
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Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics via ionic-liquid-based, salt-induced, dual microextraction in swine feed. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6105-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Mirzajani R, Kardani F. Fabrication of ciprofloxacin molecular imprinted polymer coating on a stainless steel wire as a selective solid-phase microextraction fiber for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in biological fluids and tablet formulation using HPLC-UV detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 122:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Li J, Jia S, Yoon SJ, Lee SJ, Kwon SW, Lee J. Ion-pair dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction solidification of floating organic droplets method for the rapid and sensitive detection of phenolic acids in wine samples using liquid chromatography combined with a core–shell particle column. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Jiang L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Ma M, Tan Y, Tang H, Chen B. Determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in human urine by carrier-mediated liquid-phase microextraction based on solidification of stripping phase. Talanta 2015; 144:356-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Wang H, Gao M, Xu Y, Wang W, Zheng L, Dahlgren RA, Wang X. A phase separation method for analyses of fluoroquinones in meats based on ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid–liquid microextraction and a new integrated device. Meat Sci 2015; 106:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Application of an Ultrasound-assisted Polymer Surfactant-enhanced Emulsification Microextraction for Determination of Aromatic Amines in Water Sample. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Springer VH, Lista AG. In-line coupled single drop liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with capillary electrophoresis for determining fluoroquinolones in water samples. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1572-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria H. Springer
- Analytical Chemistry Section; INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET); Bahía Blanca Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Adriana G. Lista
- Analytical Chemistry Section; INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET); Bahía Blanca Buenos Aires Argentina
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23
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Gao M, Wang H, Ma M, Zhang Y, Yin X, Dahlgren RA, Du D, Wang X. Optimization of a phase separation based magnetic-stirring salt-induced liquid–liquid microextraction method for determination of fluoroquinolones in food. Food Chem 2015; 175:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Nojavan Y, Kamankesh M, Shahraz F, Hashemi M, Mohammadi A. Ion pair-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography as a new method for determining five folate derivatives in foodstuffs. Talanta 2015; 137:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Wang H, Gao M, Wang M, Zhang R, Wang W, Dahlgren RA, Wang X. Integration of phase separation with ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid–liquid microextraction for analyzing the fluoroquinones in human body fluids by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 985:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Ebrahimpour B, Yamini Y, Rezazadeh M. A sensitive emulsification liquid phase microextraction coupled with on-line phase separation followed by HPLC for trace determination of sulfonamides in water samples. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:4162. [PMID: 25427828 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, ion-pair based emulsification liquid phase microextraction coupled with a novel approach for phase separation followed by high performace liquid chromatgraphy (HPLC) was utilized for trace determination of sulfonamides in water samples. After the formation of ion-pair complex with a cationic surfactant, sulfonamides were extracted into the drops of dispersed organic extracting solvent. Then, the cloudy solution was passed through an in-line filter located in a suitable holder and was separated based on emulsion filtration. By changing the HPLC valve position, the filter was laid in the mobile phase path, and the extraction phase was eluted by the mobile phase and introduced into the separation column for analysis. The effects of important parameters, such as type of extraction solvent, type of ion-pair agent and its concentration, pH of sample solution, ionic strength, and volume of extraction phase, on the extraction efficiency, were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the linear range, limits of detection, and precision (relative standard deviations) were 0.3-100, 0.1-0.3 μg L(-1), and 4.7-5.8%, respectively. Preconcentration factors (PFs) for the compounds studied were obtained in the range of 268-664. These PFs correspond to extraction recoveries in the range of 41-97%. The sample throughput of the method was 3 samples per hour, regarding 20 min analysis time for a single procedure. Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine the selected sulfonamides in some water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ebrahimpour
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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Ghobadi M, Yamini Y, Ebrahimpour B. SPE coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by GC with flame ionization detection for the determination of ultra-trace amounts of benzodiazepines. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:287-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Ghobadi
- Department of Chemistry; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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28
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Emulsion-based liquid-phase microextraction: a review. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-013-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Yousefi SM, Shemirani F. Selective and sensitive speciation analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in water samples by fiber optic-linear array detection spectrophotometry after ion pair based-surfactant assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 254-255:134-140. [PMID: 23611797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple ion pair based-surfactant assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IP-SA-DLLME) was evaluated for extraction and preconcentration of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in aqueous samples. In this method, which was used for the first time for chromium speciation analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as both ion-pairing and disperser agent. Cr(VI) ions were converted into their cationic complex with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and then extracted into 1-octanol dispersed in aqueous solution. Cr(III) ion also can be determined by this procedure after oxidation to Cr(VI). After extraction and phase separation, upper organic phase was transferred to a micro cell of a fiber optic-linear array detection spectrophotometry (FO-LADS). The effects of various parameters on the extraction recovery were investigated. Under the optimized conditions and preconcentration of 10 mL of sample, the enrichment factor of 159 and the detection limit of 0.05 μgL(-1) were obtained. Validation of the method was performed by spiking-recovery method and comparison of results with those obtained by ET-AAS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahboobeh Yousefi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shemirani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
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