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Hemida M, Haidar Ahmad IA, Barrientos RC, Regalado EL. Computer-assisted multifactorial method development for the streamlined separation and analysis of multicomponent mixtures in (Bio)pharmaceutical settings. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1293:342178. [PMID: 38331548 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The (bio)pharmaceutical industry is rapidly moving towards complex drug modalities that require a commensurate level of analytical enabling technologies that can be deployed at a fast pace. Unsystematic method development and unnecessary manual intervention remain a major barrier towards a more efficient deployment of meaningful analytical assay across emerging modalities. Digitalization and automation are key to streamline method development and enable rapid assay deployment. This review discusses the use of computer-assisted multifactorial chromatographic method development strategies for fast-paced downstream characterization and purification of biopharmaceuticals. Various chromatographic techniques such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), ion exchange chromatography (IEX), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are addressed and critically reviewed. The most significant parameters for retention mechanism modelling, as well as mapping the separation landscape for optimal chromatographic selectivity and resolution are also discussed. Furthermore, several computer-assisted approaches for optimization and development of chromatographic methods of therapeutics, including linear, nonlinear, and multifactorial modelling are outlined. Finally, the potential of the chromatographic modelling and computer-assisted optimization strategies are also illustrated, highlighting substantial productivity improvements, and cost savings while accelerating method development, deployment and transfer processes for therapeutic analysis in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hemida
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States.
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States.
| | - Rodell C Barrientos
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States
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2
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Duivelshof B, Zöldhegyi A, Guillarme D, Lauber M, Fekete S. Expediting the chromatographic analysis of COVID-19 antibody therapeutics with ultra-short columns, retention modeling and automated method development. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115039. [PMID: 36115204 PMCID: PMC9465490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the emergency use authorization (EUA) of several new therapeutics and vaccines. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were among those authorized for use, and they have served a purpose to provide passive immunity and to help minimize dangerous secondary effects in at-risk and hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. With an EUA submission, scientific data on a drug candidate is often collected near simultaneously alongside drug development. In such a situation, there is little time to allow misguided method development nor time to wait on traditional turnaround times. We have taken this dilemma as a chance to propose new means to expediting the chromatographic characterization of protein therapeutics. To this end, we have combined the use of automated, systematic modeling and ultrashort LC columns to quickly optimize high throughput RP, IEX, HILIC and SEC separations for two COVID-19-related mAbs. The development and verification of these four complementary analytical methods required only 2 days of experimental work. In the end, one chromatographic analysis can be performed with a sub-2 min run time such that it is feasible to comprehensively characterize a COVID-19 mAb cocktail by 4 different profiling techniques within a 1-hour turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Duivelshof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Guillarme D, Bouvarel T, Rouvière F, Heinisch S. A simple mathematical treatment for predicting linear solvent strength behaviour in gradient elution: application to biomolecules. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3276-3285. [PMID: 35562641 PMCID: PMC9543774 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an approach to rapidly and easily calculate the linear solvent strength parameters, namely log k0 and S, under reversed‐phase liquid chromatography conditions. This approach, which requires two preliminary gradient experiments to determine the retention parameters, was applied to various representative compounds including small molecules, peptides, and proteins. The retention time prediction errors were compared to the ones obtained with a commercial HPLC modeling software, and a good correlation was found between the values. However, two important constraints have to be accounted for to maintain good predictions with this new approach: i) the retention factor at the initial composition of the preliminary gradient series have to be large enough (i.e., log ki above 2.1) and ii) the retention models have to be sufficiently linear. While these two conditions are not always met with small molecules or even peptides, the situation is different with large biomolecules. This is why our simple calculation method should be preferentially applied to calculate the linear solvent strength parameters of protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bouvarel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Florent Rouvière
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
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4
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Bouvarel T, Fekete S, Guillarme D. Improving Selectivity in the Chromatographic Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) Through the Use of Multi-Isocratic Elution Mode. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.ka2087f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When characterizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), it is often challenging to attain sufficient selectivity between mAbs and their related variants. A new strategy, referred to as multi-isocratic elution mode, has recently been developed. It is based on setting a series of consecutive isocratic steps and very short steep gradient segments at solute elution. This elution mode offers several advantages compared to the usually applied linear gradient mode. Large biomolecules can benefit the most because of their “on/off” elution behavior. Arbitrary selectivity can be set between closely related protein variants while maintaining sharp peaks because of the strong band compression effects occurring at elution within the steep gradient segments.
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5
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Bobály B, Keresztfalvi A, Gräber T, Schwarz MA. Superheated reversed phase chromatography with ultrashort columns for the analysis of therapeutic proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114162. [PMID: 34082141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mild or elevated temperatures are routinely used for the analysis of therapeutic proteins by reversed phase liquid chromatography. Generic conditions can be used for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies, and may be adapted for species derived thereof, for instance their immuno-conjugates. Beyond platform monoclonal antibodies, many novel, non-covalent protein complexes are also frequently pursued as protein therapeutics. These complexes, in reverse phased chromatography, may require extremely harsh, superheated conditions to dissociate and elute as interpretable profiles. In order to minimize on-column degradation under superheated conditions, the analysis time has to be reduced as much as possible. Using ultrashort columns and fast gradients is a promising approach in achieving informative separations within a minute, or even faster. Here the applicability of this approach, which supports maintaining levels of degradation products close to the intrinsic sample composition without further on-column degradation is demonstrated. NISTmAb as conventional IgG, a bispecific homodimer and a bispecific homotetramer were used for demonstrating differences in the elution characteristics and the necessity of using the proposed approach. The analysis of the bispecific homodimer was discussed in detail as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bobály
- Solvias AG, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Alex Keresztfalvi
- Solvias AG, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gräber
- Solvias AG, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Maria Anna Schwarz
- Solvias AG, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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6
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Haidar Ahmad IA, Bennett R, Makey D, Shchurik V, Lhotka H, Mann BF, McClain R, Lu T, Hua X, Strulson CA, Loughney JW, Mangion I, Makarov AA, Regalado EL. In silico method development for the reversed-phase liquid chromatography separation of proteins using chaotropic mobile phase modifiers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122587. [PMID: 33845343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in biomedical and pharmaceutical processes has enabled a notable increase of protein- and peptide-based drug therapies and vaccines that often contain a higher-order structure critical to their efficacy. Hyphenation of chromatographic and spectrometric techniques is at the center of all facets of biopharmaceutical analysis, purification and chemical characterization. Although computer-assisted chromatographic modeling of small molecules has reached a mature stage across the pharmaceutical industry, software-based method optimization approaches for large molecules has yet to see the same revitalization. Conformational changes of biomolecules under chromatographic conditions have been identified as the major culprit in terms of sub-optimal modeling outcomes. In order to circumvent these challenges, we herein investigate the outcomes generated via computer-assisted modeling from using different chaotropic and denaturing mobile phases (trifluoroacetic acid, sodium perchlorate and guanidine hydrochloride in acetonitrile/water-based eluents). Linear and polynomial regression retention models using ACD/Labs software were built as a function of gradient slope, column temperature and mobile phase buffer for eight different model proteins ranging from 12 to 670 kDa (holo-transferrin, cytochrome C, apomyoglobin, ribonuclease A, ribonuclease A type I-A, albumin, y-globulin and thyroglobulin bovine). Correlation between experimental and modeled outputs was substantially improved by using strong chaotropic and denaturing modifiers in the mobile phase, even when using linear regression modeling as typically observed for small molecules. On the contrary, the use of conventional TFA buffer concentrations at low column temperatures required the used of polynomial regression modeling indicating potential conformational structure changes of proteins upon chromatographic conditions. In addition, we illustrate the power of modern computer-assisted chromatography modeling combined with chaotropic agents in the developing of new RPLC assays for protein-based therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Raffeal Bennett
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Devin Makey
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vladimir Shchurik
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Hayley Lhotka
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin F Mann
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ray McClain
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Tian Lu
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Hua
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - John W Loughney
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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7
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Kobayashi H, Wada H, Imai K. Phenyl-bonded monolithic silica capillary column liquid chromatographic separation and detection of fluorogenic derivatized intact proteins. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5078. [PMID: 33491229 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the identification of proteins for proteomics analysis in human cells, separation of fluorogenic derivatized proteins with a fluorogenic reagent, 7-chloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonamide, has typically been performed by using a conventional reversed-phase HPLC column. However, the number of proteins in human cells (HepaRG) that are separated by this conventional approach is limited to approximately 500. In this study, a nanoflow liquid chromatography system with an evaluated phenyl-bonded monolithic silica capillary column (0.1 mm i.d., 700 mm length) was used to increase the number of separated fluorogenic derivatized proteins. This system was used to separate derivatized human cell proteins (K562) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) proteins as model cell proteomes. More than 1,300 protein peaks were separated/detected from both cell proteomes. We present a straightforward comparison of multiple separation profiles using a novel chromatogram display approach, termed the "spiderweb" chromatogram. In addition, to validate that the detected peaks are derived from proteins, a mass spectrometer was connected to the capillary column and deconvolution of the obtained mass spectra was performed. Furthermore, different molecular weight distribution profiles of the expressed proteins were observed between the two cell proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Proteomics Analysis, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.,R&D group, Shinwa Chemical Industries Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Wada
- R&D group, Shinwa Chemical Industries Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imai
- Laboratory of Proteomics Analysis, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Fekete S, Bobály B, Nguyen JM, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Wyndham K, Lauber MA, Guillarme D. Use of Ultrashort Columns for Therapeutic Protein Separations. Part 1: Theoretical Considerations and Proof of Concept. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1277-1284. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Balázs Bobály
- Research and Development Biopharmaceuticals, Solvias AG, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer M. Nguyen
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napole′on III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Wyndham
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Matthew A. Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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9
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Coupling Multi-Angle Light Scattering to Reverse-Phase Ultra-High-Pressure Chromatography (RP-UPLC-MALS) for the characterization monoclonal antibodies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14965. [PMID: 31628369 PMCID: PMC6800455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-angle light scattering coupled with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-MALS) is a standard approach for protein characterization. Recently MALS detection has been coupled with ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) which demonstrated the feasibility and high value of MALS in combination with non-sized-based fractionation methods. In this study we coupled reverse-phase ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) with a low-dispersion MALS detector for the characterization of intact monoclonal antibody (mAbs) and their fragments. We confirmed a constant refractive index increment value for mAbs in RP gradients, in good agreement with the values in literature for other classes of proteins. We showed that the impurities eluting from a RP column can often be related to aggregated species and we confirmed that in most cases those oligomers are present also in SEC-MALS. Yet, in few cases small aggregates fractions in RP-UPLC are an artifact. In fact, proteins presenting thermal and physical stability not suitable for the harsh condition applied during the RP separation of mAbs (i.e. organic solvents at high temperature) can aggregate. Further, we applied RP-UPLC-MALS during a long term stability studies. The different principle of separation used in RP-UPLC- MALS provides an additional critical level of protein characterization compared to SEC-MALS and IEX-MALS.
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10
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Melani RD, Srzentić K, Gerbasi VR, McGee JP, Huguet R, Fornelli L, Kelleher NL. Direct measurement of light and heavy antibody chains using ion mobility and middle-down mass spectrometry. MAbs 2019; 11:1351-1357. [PMID: 31607219 PMCID: PMC6816405 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1668226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by a middle-down mass spectrometry (MS) approach is a growing field that attracts the attention of many researchers and biopharmaceutical companies. Usually, liquid fractionation techniques are used to separate mAbs polypeptides chains before MS analysis. Gas-phase fractionation techniques such as high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) can replace liquid-based separations and reduce both analysis time and cost. Here, we present a rapid FAIMS tandem MS method capable of characterizing the polypeptide sequence of mAbs light and heavy chains in an unprecedented, easy, and fast fashion. This new method uses commercially available instruments and takes ~24 min, which is 40-60% faster than regular liquid chromatography-MS/MS analysis, to acquire fragmentation data using different dissociation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D Melani
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and Chemical and Biological Engineering; the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | | | - Vincent R Gerbasi
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and Chemical and Biological Engineering; the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | - John P McGee
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and Chemical and Biological Engineering; the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
| | | | - Luca Fornelli
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman , OK , USA
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and Chemical and Biological Engineering; the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
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11
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Fekete S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Proof of Concept To Achieve Infinite Selectivity for the Chromatographic Separation of Therapeutic Proteins. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12954-12961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Huang TY, Chi LM, Chien KY. Size-exclusion chromatography using reverse-phase columns for protein separation. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:201-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Development and validation of a (RP)UHPLC-UV-(HESI/Orbitrap)MS method for the identification and quantification of mixtures of intact therapeutical monoclonal antibodies using a monolithic column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:437-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Zöldhegyi A, Rieger HJ, Molnár I, Fekhretdinova L. Automated UHPLC separation of 10 pharmaceutical compounds using software-modeling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 156:379-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Implementation of a generic liquid chromatographic method development workflow: Application to the analysis of phytocannabinoids and Cannabis sativa extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Bobály B, D’Atri V, Beck A, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibodies in hydrophilic interaction chromatography: A generic method development approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Fekete S, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Achievable separation performance and analysis time in current liquid chromatographic practice for monoclonal antibody separations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Separation of antibody drug conjugate species by RPLC: A generic method development approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Validation of a two-dimensional liquid chromatography method for quality control testing of pharmaceutical materials. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1492:89-97. [PMID: 28284763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advantages of 2D-LC, there is currently little to no work in demonstrating the suitability of these 2D-LC methods for use in a quality control (QC) environment for good manufacturing practice (GMP) tests. This lack of information becomes more critical as the availability of commercial 2D-LC instrumentation has significantly increased, and more testing facilities begin to acquire these 2D-LC capabilities. It is increasingly important that the transferability of developed 2D-LC methods be assessed in terms of reproducibility, robustness and performance across different laboratories worldwide. The work presented here focuses on the evaluation of a heart-cutting 2D-LC method used for the analysis of a pharmaceutical material, where a key, co-eluting impurity in the first dimension (1D) is resolved from the main peak and analyzed in the second dimension (2D). A design-of-experiments (DOE) approach was taken in the collection of the data, and the results were then modeled in order to evaluate method robustness using statistical modeling software. This quality by design (QBD) approach gives a deeper understanding of the impact of these 2D-LC critical method attributes (CMAs) and how they affect overall method performance. Although there are multiple parameters that may be critical from method development point of view, a special focus of this work is devoted towards evaluation of unique 2D-LC critical method attributes from method validation perspective that transcend conventional method development and validation. The 2D-LC method attributes are evaluated for their recovery, peak shape, and resolution of the two co-eluting compounds in question on the 2D. In the method, linearity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, and sensitivity are assessed along with day-to-day, analyst-to-analyst, and lab-to-lab (instrument-to-instrument) assessments. The results of this validation study demonstrate that the 2D-LC method is accurate, sensitive, and robust and is ultimately suitable for QC testing with good method transferability.
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Mixed-mode reversed phase/positively charged repulsion chromatography for intact protein separation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 138:63-69. [PMID: 28182992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A mixed-mode reversed phase/positively charged repulsion stationary phase C8PN composed of octyl and amino group has been developed for separation of intact protein. Before the separation of proteins, a set of probe compounds were employed to evaluate the chromatographic properties of C8PN, demonstrating typical reversed phase/positively charged repulsion interaction on this stationary phase as estimated. Then the new C8PN stationary phase was used to separate a standard protein mixture on the reversed phase mode. Compared with a commercial C4 stationary phase, it showed different selectivity for some proteins. In order to better understand the properties of C8PN, the effect of acetonitrile content was investigated based on retention equation. Higher values of the equation parameters on C8PN demonstrated that the protein retentions were more sensitive to the change of acetonitrile content. Besides, the influences of buffer salt additives on the protein retentions were also studied. The retention factors of the proteins got larger with the increase of buffer salt concentration, which confirmed the positively charged repulsion interaction on the column. Finally, the C8PN was further applied to separate oxidized- and reduced- forms of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone. Our study indicated the advantages and application potential of mixed-mode reversed phase/positively charged repulsion stationary phase for intact protein separation.
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Bobály B, Sipkó E, Fekete J. Challenges in liquid chromatographic characterization of proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:3-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Zhang B, Jeong J, Burgess B, Jazayri M, Tang Y, Taylor Zhang Y. Development of a rapid RP-UHPLC–MS method for analysis of modifications in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:172-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bobaly B, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Impact of organic modifier and temperature on protein denaturation in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:124-132. [PMID: 27589029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to better understand the chromatographic conditions in which monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of broad hydrophobicity scale and a cysteine conjugated antibody-drug conjugate (ADCs), namely brentuximab-vedotin, could denaturate. For this purpose, some experiments were carried out in HIC conditions using various organic modifier in natures and proportions, different mobile phase temperatures and also different pHs. Indeed, improper analytical conditions in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) may create reversed-phase (RP) like harsh conditions and therefore protein denaturation. In terms of organic solvents, acetonitrile (ACN) and isopropanol (IPA) were tested with proportions ranging from 0 to 40%. It appeared that IPA was a less denaturating solvent than ACN, but should be used in a reasonable range (10-15%). Temperature should also be kept reasonable (below 40°C), to limit denaturation under HIC conditions. However, the combined increase of temperature and organic content induced denaturation of protein biopharmaceuticals in all cases. Indeed, above 30-40°C and 10-15% organic modifier in mobile phase B, heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) fragments dissociated. Mobile phase pH was also particularly critical and denaturation was significant even under moderately acidic conditions (pH of 5.4). Today, HIC is widely used for measuring drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of ADCs, which is a critical quality attribute of such samples. Here, we demonstrated that the estimation of average DAR can be dependent on the amount of organic modifier in the mobile phase under HIC conditions, due to the better recovery of the most hydrophobic proteins in presence of organic solvent (IPA). So, special care should be taken when measuring the average DAR of ADCs in HIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bobaly
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France(1)
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Cusumano A, Guillarme D, Beck A, Fekete S. Practical method development for the separation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug-conjugate species in hydrophobic interaction chromatoraphy, part 2: Optimization of the phase system. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 121:161-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Tyteca E, Veuthey JL, Desmet G, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Computer assisted liquid chromatographic method development for the separation of therapeutic proteins. Analyst 2016; 141:5488-501. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01520d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the use of computer assisted liquid chromatographic method development for the analytical characterization of protein biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tyteca
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- University of Lausanne
- 1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- University of Lausanne
- 1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- University of Lausanne
- 1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
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Martínez-Ortega A, Herrera A, Salmerón-García A, Cabeza J, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Navas N. Study and ICH validation of a reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of the intact monoclonal antibody cetuximab. J Pharm Anal 2015; 6:117-124. [PMID: 29403971 PMCID: PMC5762446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab (CTX) is a potent chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved worldwide for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Among the various biological and physical analyses performed for full study on this biopharmaceutic, the determination of the concentration preparations throughout manufacturing and subsequent handling in hospital is particularly relevant. In the present work, the study and validation of a method for quantifying intact CTX by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection ((RP)HPLC/DAD) is presented. With that end, we checked the performance of a chromatographic method for quantifying CTX and conducted a study to validate the method as stability-indicating in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH) for biotechnological drugs; therefore, we evaluated linearity, accuracy, precision, detection and quantification limits, robustness and system suitability. The specificity of the method and the robustness of the mAb formulation against external stress factors were estimated by comprehensive chromatographic analysis by subjecting CTX to several informative stress conditions. As demonstrated, the method is rapid, accurate, and reproducible for CTX quantification. It was also successfully used to quantify CTX in a long-term stability study performed under hospital conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martínez-Ortega
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Herrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Salmerón-García
- UGC Intercentro Interniveles Farmacia Granada, San Cecilio Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute ibs. GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José Cabeza
- UGC Intercentro Interniveles Farmacia Granada, San Cecilio Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute ibs. GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Biomedical Research Institute ibis. GRANADA, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Navas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Biomedical Research Institute ibis. GRANADA, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Practical method development for the separation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug-conjugate species in hydrophobic interaction chromatography, part 1: optimization of the mobile phase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 118:393-403. [PMID: 26609679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to provide some recommendations for method development in HIC using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as model drug candidates. The effects of gradient steepness, mobile phase pH, salt concentration and type, as well as organic modifier were evaluated for tuning selectivity and retention in HIC. Except the nature of the stationary phase, which was not discussed in this study, the most important parameter for modifying selectivity was the gradient steepness. The addition of organic solvent (up to 15% isopropanol) in the mobile phase was also found to be useful for mAbs analysis, since it could provide some changes in elution order, in some cases. On the contrary, isopropanol was not beneficial with ADCs, since the most hydrophobic DAR species (DAR6 and DAR8) cannot be eluted from the stationary phase under these conditions. This study also illustrates the possibility to perform HIC method development using optimization software, such as Drylab. The optimum conditions suggested by the software were tested using therapeutic mAbs and commercial cysteine linked ADC (brentuximab-vedotin) and the average retention time errors between predicted and experimental retention times were ∼ 1%.
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28
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Evaluation of a new wide-pore superficially porous material with carbon core and nanodiamond-polymer shell for the separation of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1414:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Estimation of pressure-, temperature- and frictional heating-related effects on proteins’ retention under ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatographic conditions. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1393:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Liu H, Jeong J, Kao YH, Zhang YT. Characterization of free thiol variants of an IgG1 by reversed phase ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 109:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Fekete S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Ion-exchange chromatography for the characterization of biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:43-55. [PMID: 25800161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge heterogeneity. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of theoretical and practical aspects of modern IEX applied for the characterization of therapeutic proteins including monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). The section on method development describes how to select a suitable stationary phase chemistry and dimensions, the mobile phase conditions (pH, nature and concentration of salt), as well as the temperature and flow rate, considering proteins isoelectric point (pI). In addition, both salt-gradient and pH-gradient approaches were critically reviewed and benefits as well as limitations of these two strategies were provided. Finally, several applications, mostly from pharmaceutical industries, illustrate the potential of IEX for the characterization of charge variants of various types of biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France(1)
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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32
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Borges EM, Volmer DA. Silica, Hybrid Silica, Hydride Silica and Non-Silica Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography. Part II: Chemical and Thermal Stability. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1107-22. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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33
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Fekete S, Beck A, Fekete J, Guillarme D. Method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography, Part I: Salt gradient approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography, Part II: pH gradient approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Bobály B, Mikola V, Sipkó E, Márta Z, Fekete J. Recovery of Proteins Affected by Mobile Phase Trifluoroacetic Acid Concentration in Reversed-Phase Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:1078-83. [PMID: 25501119 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It was found that recoveries of proteins depend on trifluoroacetic acid concentration in the mobile phase and showed maximum in the range of 0.01-0.1 v/v%. Transferrin and lysozyme were used to evaluate the recoveries of proteins from dedicated reversed-phase columns. Different types of reversed-phase columns were evaluated, such as core shell type materials (Aeris Widepore with C4, C8 and C18 modification) as well as fully porous hybrid particles (Waters BEH, modified with C4 and C18 alkyl chains). Recoveries ranged between 60.7-95.2% for transferrin and 72.1-99.8% for lysozyme. Based on the data presented, at least two different adsorption effects, the well-known hydrophobic and silanophilic/polar interaction might influence the recovery. In addition to this, conformational effects due to ion pairing with the acidic mobile phase additive might change them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bobály
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Vivien Mikola
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Enikő Sipkó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Márta
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Jenő Fekete
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
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36
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Fekete S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Theory and practice of size exclusion chromatography for the analysis of protein aggregates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:161-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Fekete S, Guillarme D. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography for the characterization of therapeutic proteins. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Borges EM. Silica, hybrid silica, hydride silica and non-silica stationary phases for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:580-97. [PMID: 25234386 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Free silanols on the surface of silica are the "villains", which are responsible for detrimental interactions of those compounds and the stationary phase (i.e., bad peak shape, low efficiency) as well as low thermal and chemical stability. For these reasons, we began this review describing new silica and hybrid silica stationary phases, which have reduced and/or shielded silanols. At present, in liquid chromatography for the majority of analyses, reversed-phase liquid chromatography is the separation mode of choice. However, the needs for increased selectivity and increased retention of hydrophilic bases have substantially increased the interest in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Therefore, stationary phases and this mode of separation are discussed. Then, non-silica stationary phases (i.e., zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, alumina and porous graphitized carbon), which afford increased thermal and chemical stability and also selectivity different from those obtained with silica and hybrid silica, are discussed. In addition, the use of these materials in HILIC is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endler M Borges
- Núcleo Biotecnológico, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Rua Paese, 198, Bairro Universitário-Bloco K. Videira, SC CEP 89560-000, Brazil
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Tóth E, Ozohanics O, Bobály B, Gömöry Á, Jekő A, Drahos L, Vékey K. HPLC enrichment/isolation of proteins for post-translational modification studies from complex mixtures. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:393-400. [PMID: 25005889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes a macroporous RP-HPLC method for separation and isolation/enrichment of proteins from complex mixtures. The method is robust and efficient; using 2.1 or 4.6mm diameter columns provides sufficient material for subsequent proteomic analysis. The main advantage of the method is that most protein variants are isolated in the same fraction, as separation is not based on differences in isoelectric point. This is highly advantageous for studying complex mixtures and post-translational modifications. Examples related to glycosylation analysis are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Tóth
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Olivér Ozohanics
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bobály
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary; Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Szt. Gellért tér 4., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Gömöry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Anita Jekő
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Károly Vékey
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary.
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Reliability of computer-assisted method transfer between several column dimensions packed with 1.3–5μm core–shell particles and between various instruments. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 94:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Sandra K, Vandenheede I, Sandra P. Modern chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques for protein biopharmaceutical characterization. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1335:81-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Reliability of simulated robustness testing in fast liquid chromatography, using state-of-the-art column technology, instrumentation and modelling software. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 89:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Rogers BJ, Birdsall RE, Wu Z, Wirth MJ. RPLC of intact proteins using sub-0.5 μm particles and commercial instrumentation. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6820-5. [PMID: 23819838 DOI: 10.1021/ac400982w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses whether one can gain an improvement in speed or resolution with a silica colloidal crystal (SCC) of nonporous 470 nm particles when using a commercial nano-UHPLC. Compared to a capillary packed with nonporous 1.3 μm particles and the same C4 bonded phase, the peak width for BSA is decreased by a factor of 6.8 for the SCC. Some of this improvement is attributable to slip flow since the ratio of particle diameters is only 2.8. Resolution in protein separations was compared for a 2-cm capillary of SCC vs a 5-cm column of porous 1.7 μm particles. Both used a C4 bonded phase, and on-column fluorescence detection was used for the SCC. Split flow (5:1) before the SCC decreased the gradient delay time to 0.4 min and the injected volume to 0.4 nL. For variants from the labeling of BSA, the SCC had a 5-fold higher speed and 2-fold higher resolution than did the commercial column. For a monoclonal antibody and its aggregates, the SCC had a 3-fold higher speed and a 3-fold higher resolution compared to the commercial column. The SCC gave baseline resolution of the monomer, dimer and trimer in 5 min. The results show that a significant advantage can be gained using a commercial instrument with the SCC, despite the instrument not being designed for use with such small particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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44
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Borges EM, Euerby MR. An appraisal of the chemical and thermal stability of silica based reversed-phase liquid chromatographic stationary phases employed within the pharmaceutical environment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 77:100-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fekete S, Veuthey JL, Eeltink S, Guillarme D. Comparative study of recent wide-pore materials of different stationary phase morphology, applied for the reversed-phase analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3137-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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